z

See also: Appendix:Variations of "z"

Translingual

z U+007A, z LATIN SMALL LETTER Z ← y [U+0079] Basic Latin { → [U+007B]

ｚ U+FF5A, ｚ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER Z ← ｙ [U+FF59] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｛ → [U+FF5B]

Pronunciation

• IPA

  (file)

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter Z):  Źź  Ẑẑ  Žž  Żż  Ẓẓ  Ẕẕ  Ƶƶ  Ȥȥ  Ⱬⱬ  ᵶ  ᶎ  ʐ  ʑ  ɀ  ᴢ  Ｚｚ  DZDzdz  DZDzdz  DŽDždž  DŽDždž
• Greek ζ, Hebrew ז.

Symbol

z

1. (metrology) Symbol for the prefix zepto-.
2. (astronomy) Symbol for the redshift.
3. (mathematics) Used to denote a real variable when x and y are already in use.

   $f\left(x,y,z\right)=\sin x+\cos y+\tan z$

4. (mathematics) Used to denote the third coordinate in three-dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems.

   $x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=1$

5. (mathematics) Used to denote a complex variable.

   $\left\Vert z\right\Vert =z\cdot {\bar {z}}$

6. (statistics) Used to denote a value of a standard normal random variable.

   $P[Z>z]=1-P[Z<z]=1-\Phi (z)$

7. (analytic geometry, classical mechanics) Quantity along the third axis in a three-dimensional system, vertical when applicable.
8. (chemistry) Symbol for atomic number.
9. (IPA) voiced alveolar fricative

Derived terms

Prefix zepto-

• zA
• zcd
• zK

• zkg
• zm

• zmol
• zs

• zBq
• zC
• zF
• zGy
• zH
• zHz
• zJ

• zkat
• zlm
• zlx
• zN
• zΩ
• zPa
• zrad

• zS
• zSv
• zsr
• zT
• zV
• zW
• zWb

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 

  Capital and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type

• 

  Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur

See also

Other representations of Z:

NATO phonetic: Zulu Morse code: ––·· Braille: ⠵ ASL Manual: Z

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

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English

Pronunciation

Letter name

• (UK) IPA^(key): /zɛd/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ziː/

• Audio (US, California)

  (file)

Phoneme

• IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z, plural z's)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the English alphabet, called zed or zee and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z lower case (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

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Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• 's (Sette Comuni)

Article

z

1. (Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. nominative singular neuter
   2. accusative singular neuter

See also

Cimbrian definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	dar	de / di	's / z	de / di
Accusative	in	de / di	's / z	de / di
Dative	me	dar	me	in

References

• “z” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

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Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

z

1. from

   Toto víno pochází z Francie. ― This wine comes from France.

2. out of

   Pět z deseti doktorů doporučuje tuto zubní pastu. ― Five out of ten doctors recommend this toothpaste.

Usage notes

This preposition is followed by the genitive case.

Synonyms

• ze

Further reading

• z in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• z in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛt
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /zɛt/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Previous letter: y

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Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛ/, /zɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: ze, za

Noun

 m

1. A door bolt of wood or copper [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /zuʀ/ → /suʀ/ → /suʔ/ → /søʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /zuʀ/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈzuʀwaw/ (plural)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /suʀ/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈsuʀwaw/ (plural)
• (Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /suʔ/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈsuːwəʔ/ (plural)
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /søʔ/ (singular); IPA^(key): /seːw/ (plural)

Noun

 m

1. man (male person) [since the Old Kingdom]
2. someone, anyone

Usage notes

This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.

Inflection

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of z  

z	z	z	z	s	s	sj	sꜣ
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

• z-n-wsrt

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲥⲁ- (sa-)

Noun

 m

1. being, creature (used of a snake) [Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

Noun

 m

1. A type of fish [22nd dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of z (masculine)

singular	z
dual	zwj
plural	zw

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

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Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zo/

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

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Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtsetː/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Used only in loanwords.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

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Gothic

Romanization

z

1. Romanization of 𐌶

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈz]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈzeː]

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The forty-third letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	z	z-k
accusative	z-t	z-ket
dative	z-nek	z-knek
instrumental	z-vel	z-kkel
causal-final	z-ért	z-kért
translative	z-vé	z-kké
terminative	z-ig	z-kig
essive-formal	z-ként	z-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	z-ben	z-kben
superessive	z-n	z-ken
adessive	z-nél	z-knél
illative	z-be	z-kbe
sublative	z-re	z-kre
allative	z-hez	z-khez
elative	z-ből	z-kből
delative	z-ről	z-kről
ablative	z-től	z-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	z-é	z-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	z-éi	z-kéi

Possessive forms of z
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	z-m	z-im
2nd person sing.	z-d	z-id
3rd person sing.	z-je	z-i
1st person plural	z-nk	z-ink
2nd person plural	z-tek	z-itek
3rd person plural	z-jük	z-ik

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs

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Ido

Pronunciation

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /z/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ze/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Italian

Noun

z m or f (invariable)

1. See under Z

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Latin

Etymology

The minuscule form derives from the majuscule Z.

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.

References

• z in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• z in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

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Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [z]

Letter

Z

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.

See also

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

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Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēḑ; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, Ḑ ḑ, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

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Lower Sorbian

Alternative forms

• ze (used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/, (before a voiceless consonant) /s/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs

Preposition

z (with genitive)

1. from, out of

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom

Preposition

z (with instrumental)

1. with

   Stej bratš ze sotšu. ― They are brother and sister

   (lit. ‘brother with sister’).

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Malay

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡s/ (always word-finally and before a voiceless obstruent)
• IPA^(key): /d͡z/ (always before a voiced obstruent)
• In positions other than the above, the pronunciation is not immediately predictable, though /t͡s/ is more frequent than /d͡z/.

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

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Norwegian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /set/, /sɛt/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/, /ʃ/

• Audio

  (file)

Letter

z

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Not used in Norwegian, only appears in loanwords from e.g. Slavic.
• Used interchangeably with s in Internet slang and informal writing.

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Polish

Alternative forms

• ze
• s (archaic) [19th c.]

Pronunciation

• (isolated) IPA^(key): /s/, /z/

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *jьz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs

Preposition

z (+ genitive)

1. from

   Jestem z Polski. ― I'm from Poland.

2. out of

   jeden z dziesięciu ― one out of ten

3. made of

   motyka z drewna ― a hoe made of wood

4. at

   Jesteś z przodu czy z tyłu? ― Are you at the front or at the back?

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom

Preposition

z (+ instrumental)

1. with

Etymology 3

Particle

z

1. (colloquial) approximately, about

   Synonyms: mniej więcej, około

Usage notes

• As a rule of thumb, the preposition or particle should be changed to ze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. Some dictionaries claim that this rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants: s, z, ś, ź, ż, rz, sz that are followed by another consonant. Examples include:

  Ten pręt jest z żelaza. ― This rod is made of iron.

  Ten pręt jest ze stali. ― This rod is made of steel.

  Pochodzę z Francji. ― I come from France.

  Pochodzę ze Szwecji. ― I come from Sweden.

Further reading

• z in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• z in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ze/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The thirty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ze, zet, zed, or zî and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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Sani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z̊³³/

Noun

z (transliteration needed)

1. water

References

• Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volumes 26-27 (2003, Department of Linguistics, University of California), page 74
• Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing) (has z̊³³)

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Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• (uppercase) Z

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Preposition

z (Cyrillic spelling з)

1. (Kajkavian, Chakavian, Croatia) (+ instrumental case) with
   • 1501, Marko Marulić, Judita

     požgat su pritili sela naša stane,

     žene z dicom htili vest u svoje strane,

     inim dati rane, svih smrtno sikući;

   • 1622, Ivan Gundulić, Suze sina razmetnoga

     od svjetlosti zrak otvori,

     i ostaše razlučene,

     z bielim danom noćne sjene:

   • 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj

     I srce mi greje

     I z menom se smeje

     I v žalosti plače takaj.

1. (Kajkavian) (+ genitive case) from, out of
   • 1927, Dragutin Domjanić, Kaj vrt si senja

     Oblaček po nebu

     Si stiha putuje,

     A z trave još samo

     Šćurica se čuje.

Synonyms

• iz, s, sa, š

Letter

z (Cyrillic spelling з)

1. The 29th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by v and followed by ž.

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Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirty-third letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

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Slovak

Alternative forms

• zo (see usage notes)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z/

Preposition

z

1. from

Usage notes

• The zo form is used when the following word starts with the letter z, ž, s, š and certain consonant clusters.

Further reading

• z in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

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Slovene

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

z

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script. Preceded by v and followed by ž.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s/

Preposition

z

1. (with instrumental) with, by means of, using
2. (with instrumental) (together) with, in the company of
3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Alternative forms

• s (before a voiceless consonant)

Further reading

• “z”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• (letter name):
  • (Castilian) IPA^(key): /ˈθeta/, [ˈθet̪a]
• (Latin America) IPA^(key): /ˈseta/, [ˈset̪a]

  • Audio (Spain)

    (file)

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /s/, /θ/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.

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Swedish

Pronunciation

Letter name

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɛːta/

Phoneme

• IPA^(key): /s/

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called säta or zäta and written in the Latin script.

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Turkish

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

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Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ð/, /z/

Letter

z (upper case Z)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

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Zulu

Letter

z (lower case, upper case Z)

1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z