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de

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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Clipping of German Deutsch.

Symbol

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de

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.
    Coordinate term: deu

Etymology 2

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From French de.

Symbol

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de

  1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Russian дэ ().

Noun

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de (plural des)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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  • dee (Northumberland)

Verb

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de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

  1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (to do).

References

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Etymology 3

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Article

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de

  1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
    • 1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:
      “He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’
    • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun[5], archived from the original on 2022-12-12:
      So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

Etymology 4

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Interjection

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de

  1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
    “Dum de dum, dum de dum”, he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Etymology 5

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Borrowed from French de (of).

Preposition

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de

  1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.
    • 2009 November 5, Alex von Tunzelmann, “The Affair of the Necklace: nothing to get hot under the collar over”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian[6], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-10:
      Conwoman Jeanne de La Motte stole a 2,800-carat diamond necklace, The Slave's Collar, by convincing the Cardinal de Rohan that Queen Marie-Antoinette wanted it.
    • 2014, Alina García-Lapuerta, La Belle Créole: The Cuban Countess Who Captivated Havana, Madrid, and Paris, Chicago, I.L.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 236:
      When Prosper Mérimée had next seen Mercedes after Spain, in March 1846, he told the Countess de Montijo that Mercedes "looked less well preserved [and] limped a little."

References

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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Compare Romanian di, employed with horses or oxen for the same purpose.

Interjection

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de

  1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.
    Fol de!Speak!
    Ashtu de!This manner! (expressing happiness or satisfaction for the work done)
    Hë të lumtë goja, de!May thy mouth be blessed!
  2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

Further reading

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  • de”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
  • “de”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[7] (in Albanian), 1980

Alemannic German

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Alternative forms

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  • der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
  • der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
  • d'r, dr (Bern)

Article

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de

  1. (definite) the
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:
      [...] Fründ der Natur [...]
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:
      [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:
      [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:
      [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:
      [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:
      Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
      Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:
      Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Declension

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Zürich:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative de
der (before a vowel)
die, d', d'- 's
(at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S')
de, d'
Genitive der
Dative dem der, de dem de
Accusative de
der (before a vowel)
de, d', d'- 's d', d'-

Thurgau:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative de (before a consonant, including h)
der (before a vowel, also before h)
die, de, d'- das, 's die, d'-
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem de (before a consonant)
den (before a vowel)
Accusative de (before a consonant)
der (before a vowel)
den (before a vowel, less common)
die, de, d'- das, 's d'-

Asturian

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Preposition

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de

  1. of, from

Usage notes

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  • The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (of Asturias), d'hermanu (of a brother).

Derived terms

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Bambara

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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de

  1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)
    A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele
    He didn't call you. It was me that called

References

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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de inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

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See also

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Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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  • d' (unstressed form)

Etymology

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Cognate with German German die.

Article

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de

  1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
  2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

See also

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Pronoun

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de

  1. she, her (accusative)
  2. they, them

Synonyms

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See also

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Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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de f (plural des)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2

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From Latin .

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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de (before vowel or h d')

  1. of, from

Further reading

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Etymology 3

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Verb

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de

  1. inflection of dar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Cebuano

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Etymology

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From Spanish de.

Preposition

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de

  1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)
    hopia de Cebu
    Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu
    Isabel biyuda de Cortes
    Isabel widow of Cortes
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Central Franconian

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Pronunciation

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Article

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de (definite, reduced)

  1. the
    1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
    2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
    3. (many dialects) plural dative
    4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
    5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
    6. (few dialects) feminine dative

Usage notes

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  • (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.
1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always .
2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.
3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).
  • (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or .
  • (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
  • Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Declension

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definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de (some dialects, also some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
(Ripuarian; full)
de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)
de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)
Genitive
Dative de (few dialects; reduced)
(Ripuarian; full)
där (Moselle Franconian; full)
de (many dialects; reduced)
(some Ripuarian dialects; full)
Accusative de (some dialects; reduced)
(Ripuarian; full)
de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)
de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)

Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠]):

Ripuarian definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de ət de
Genitive dęs (rare)
Dative dęm dę(ꝛ) dęm dę̄
Accusative de ət de
Ripuarian demonstrative pronoun
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dę̄ꝛ dat
Genitive des
Dative dęm dęꝛ dęm mf dęǹə
n (fan) dęǹə
Accusative dę̄ (dęǹə) dat

Ripuarian → Kölsch (as actually used):

definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der, de, die, de dat, et, -'t die, de
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem den
Accusative den, die, de dat, et, -'t die, de

Quotations

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  • 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:
    Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
    Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

Derived terms

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  • em (en dem)

References

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  • Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Article

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de

  1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
    1. nominative singular feminine
    2. accusative singular feminine
    3. nominative plural
      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.
      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.
    4. accusative plural

See also

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Cimbrian definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dar de / di 's / z de / di
Accusative in de / di 's / z de / di
Dative me dar me in

References

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  • “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Cornish

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Etymology

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From Middle Cornish de, from Old Cornish doy, glossed in Vocabularium Cornicum as heri. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés. Cognate with Latin heri, Welsh doe, French hier, Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyas), etc.

Adverb

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de (triggers soft mutation)

  1. yesterday

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Preposition

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de

  1. of
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Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai.

Pronunciation

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Article

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de pl

  1. plural definite article
    de grønne huse
    the green houses

See also

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  • den (common gender singular)
  • det (neuter gender singular)

Pronoun

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de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

  1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
  2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
  3. (determiner) those
    De kager smager ikke godt.
    Those cakes taste not good.
    • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90
      De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.
      Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.
    • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN
      De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.
      Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

See also

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Dutch

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Etymology

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An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /də/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: de
  • Rhymes:

Article

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de

  1. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)
    De manThe man (masculine singular)
    De vrouwThe woman (feminine singular)
    Het boekThe book (neuter singular)
    De boekenThe books (neuter plural)
    De oude man en de zee.The old man and the sea.

Usage notes

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  • Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: die
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: di
  • Jersey Dutch: de
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

Preposition

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de

  1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per
    Ze namen drie biertjes de man.They took three beers per person.
    We betaalden vijftien euro de neus.We paid fifteen euros per person.

See also

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Anagrams

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Esperanto

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Etymology

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From Latin , French de, Spanish de.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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de

  1. from
    Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!
    I don't buy anything at all from this store!
  2. of, possessed by
    La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.
    David's car is black.
  3. done, written or composed by
    Synonyms: far, fare de
    Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?
    Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?
    La viro estis mordita de hundo.
    The man was bitten by a dog.

Fala

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin (of; from).

Preposition

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de

  1. of
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      Español falan millós de persoas.
      Millions of people speak Spanish.

Usage notes

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References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[8], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

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Noun

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de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

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n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative de deið de deini
accusative de deið de deini
dative de, dei denum deum deunum
genitive des desins dea deanna

See also

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French

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Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin , from Proto-Italic *dē.

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    de

    1. of (expresses belonging)
      Paris est la capitale de la France.Paris is the capital of France.
      • 1837, Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:
        Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
        In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....
    2. of (used to express property or association)
      Œuvres de FermatFermat’s Works
      Elle est la femme de mon ami.She is my friend’s wife.
      le voisin de GabrielGabriel's neighbor
    3. from (used to indicate origin)
      Elle vient de France.She comes from France.
      Êtes-vous de Suisse ?Are you from Switzerland?
      Ce fromage vient d’Espagne.This cheese is from Spain.
      C’est de l’ouest de la France.It’s from the west of France.
      Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux.The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.
    4. of (indicates an amount)
      5 kilos de pommes.5 kilograms of apples.
      Un verre de vinA glass of wine
      Une portion de fritesA portion of fries
    5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word
      Un jus de pommeApple juice
      Un verre de vinA glass of wine
      Une boîte de nuitA nightclub
      Un chien de gardeA guarddog
      Une voiture de sportA sportscar
      Un stade de footballA football stadium
    6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)
      De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre.From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.
      Je travaille de huit heures à midi.I work from 8 o'clock to noon.
      un groupe de cinq à huit personnesa group of [from] five to eight people
    7. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive
      J’ai arrêté de fumer.I stopped smoking.
      Il continue de m’embêter.He keeps annoying me.
      Elle m’a dit de venir.She told me to come.
      Nous vous exhortons de venir.We urge you to come.
    8. by (indicates the amount of change)
      Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie.Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.

    Le Songe d’une nuit d’été’A Midsummer Night’s Dream (literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)
    La queue du chienThe dog’s tail
    Index des auteursIndex of the authors
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • English: de

    Article

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    de (indefinite)

    1. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.
      Ce sont de bons enfants.They are good children.
      Il y a d’autres exemples.There are other examples.
    2. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.
      Elle n’a pas de mère.She doesn’t have a mother.
      Il ne mange pas de viande.He doesn’t eat meat.
      Il n’y a pas de problèmes.There are no problems.
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example[1]:
      • when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être
        Il n’est pas un menteur.He isn't a liar.
      • when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)
        Il ne mange pas de viande.He doesn't eat meat.
        Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain.He doesn't eat meat, but bread.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    de f (plural des)

    1. Abbreviation of dame.
    See also
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    References

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    Anagrams

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    Galician

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    Etymology

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    From Latin .

    Pronunciation

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    Preposition

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    de

    1. of, from
      Veño de Lugo.
      I come from Lugo.
    2. of; -'s (belonging to)
      Socorro é a avoa de Clara e de Daniel.
      Socorro is Clara and Daniel's grandmother

    Usage notes

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    The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

    Derived terms

    [edit]
    of/from + the
    - Singular Plural
    Masculine do dos
    Feminine da das
    of/from + third-person pronoun
    - Singular Plural
    Masculine del deles
    Feminine dela delas

    Further reading

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    Haitian Creole

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    Etymology

    [edit]

    From French deux (two), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

    Pronunciation

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    Numeral

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    de

    1. two

    Hungarian

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    Etymology

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    For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.

    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    de (not comparable)

    1. how!, very much
      Synonyms: (dated, poetic) be, milyen, mennyire
      De szép ez a ház!Oh, how beautiful that house is!

    Conjunction

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    de

    1. but
      Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben
    2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)
      Synonym: de igen
      Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam.You weren’t here! – Yes I was!

    Derived terms

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    Compound words
    Expressions

    See also

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    Further reading

    [edit]
    • (adverb): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
    • (conjunction): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
    • de in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

    Hunsrik

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    Alternative forms

    [edit]
    • te (Wiesemann spelling system)

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Article

    [edit]

    de (definite)

    1. inflection of där:
      1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
      2. unstressed dative singular feminine
      3. unstressed dative plural all genders

    Declension

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Ido

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

    Preposition

    [edit]

    de

    1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)
      Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.
      I bought the fruits from the market.
    2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)
      Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.
      I was one of five in the competition.
      Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.
      I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.
    3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)
      Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.
      I have three bottles of water.
    4. with a title of nobility
      Rejio de Anglia
      Queen of England
    Antonyms
    [edit]
    • ad (to)
    • til (until, till)
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    [edit]
    • di (of (indicates possession or association))
    • da (by)
    See also
    [edit]
    • ek (out of, out from)

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    From d +‎ -e.

    Noun

    [edit]

    de (plural de-i)

    1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.
    See also
    [edit]

    Indonesian

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Dutch dee.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

    Synonyms

    [edit]
    • di (Standard Malay)

    See also

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Interlingua

    [edit]

    Preposition

    [edit]

    de

    1. from
    2. since
    3. of
    4. with
    5. by means of
    6. to
    7. for

    Irish

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Old Irish di (of, from).

    Alternative forms

    [edit]
    • d’ (used before a vowel sound)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Preposition

    [edit]

    de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

    1. from
    2. of
    Inflection
    [edit]
    Inflection of de
    Person: simple emphatic
    singular first díom díomsa
    second díot díotsa
    third m de desean
    f di dise
    plural first dínn dínne
    second díbh díbhse
    third díobh díobhsan
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "de"

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    From Old Irish de (of/from him).

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    de (emphatic desean)

    1. third-person singular masculine of de

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
    2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 19

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Italian

    [edit]

    Contraction

    [edit]

    de

    1. Apocopic form of del
      Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino".Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.

    See also

    [edit]

    Anagrams

    [edit]

    Jamaican Creole

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Particle

    [edit]

    de

    1. present progressive tense marker used before verbs
      Im de kom.
      She is coming.
      Torkl de swim.
      The turtle is swimming.
      Pikni dem de nyam di fuud.
      The children are eating food.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Derived from English there.

    Adverb

    [edit]

    de

    1. there
      uova de
      over there

    See also

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Romanization

    [edit]

    de

    1. The hiragana syllable (de) or the katakana syllable (de) in Hepburn romanization.

    Jersey Dutch

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Dutch de (the). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Article

    [edit]

    de

    1. the
      • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
        De v'lôrene zön
        The prodigal (literally "lost") son

    Ladin

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Latin .

    Preposition

    [edit]

    de

    1. of, from

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Ladino

    [edit]

    Preposition

    [edit]

    de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)

    1. of
      • 2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi[9]:
        Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.
        Sunday night we're going to light the first candle of our Hanukiyas.
    2. from

    Lashi

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj (do, make). Cognates include Ao da (do) and Lahu te (do).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Verb

    [edit]

    de

    1. (transitive) to build

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    de

    1. wealth

    References

    [edit]
    • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[10], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

    Latin

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/.[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

     f (indeclinable)

    1. The name of the letter D.
    Coordinate terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

        From Proto-Italic *dē, from an instrumental singular form of Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (), δή (dḗ), English to.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Preposition

        [edit]

        (+ ablative)

        1. of, concerning, about
          actum est de aliquoIt is over for someone, someone's fate is sealed
          de rebus mathematicisconcerning mathematical things
          • c. 1772, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ[11], page 1:
            De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
            Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
        2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.
          emere de aliquoto buy from someone
          aliquid mercari de aliquoto buy something from someone
          Saepe hoc audivi de patre.I have often heard this from Father.
          De mausoleo exaudita vox est.A voice was heard from the mausoleum.
          Ut sibi liceret discere id de me...Just as he himself permitted for me to learn...
          Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
          Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet.(please add an English translation of this usage example)
          De digito anulum detraho.From the finger I pull the ring.
          de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahereto rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away
          Nomen suum de tabula sustulit.He removed his name from the tablet.
          Ferrum de manibus extorsimus.We tore the sword from their hands.
          Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest.The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.
          de caelo aliquid demittereto bring down something from the sky
          1. with petere, of a place
            De vicino terra petita solo.Earth brought from the nearby soil
          2. (Late Latin) of persons
            Peto de te.I beg of thee.
        3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.
          Animam de corpore mitto.I release the spirit from the body.
          Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit.Somehow the spirit has already passed somewhere from the body.
          Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent.He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.
          decedere de provinciato retire from office
          de vita decedereto withdraw from life
          exire de vitato exit out of life (compare excedere e vita)
          de triclinio, de cubiculo exireto go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum
          de castris procedereto proceed out of the military camps
          Decido de lecto praeceps.I fall down from the bed headlong.
          de muro se deicereto throw oneself down from the wall
          de sella exsilireto jump from the stool
          nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinareto aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall
          De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet.He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.
        4. (particularly coins) over, in reference to the people subjugated when celebrating a Roman victory
          de Germanisover the Germans
          de Britannisover the Britons
        Usage notes
        [edit]
        • denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (away from) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (out of) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with are constructed not only with , but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by .
        Derived terms
        [edit]
        Descendants
        [edit]

        References

        [edit]
        • de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
        • de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
        • de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
        • de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
        • de in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
        • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
        1. ^ (2012) The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard: Version 6.1 – Core Specification. →ISBN, page 468; citing: (1985) Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. →ISBN.

        Ligurian

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

        From Latin .

        Preposition

        [edit]

        de

        1. of
        2. from
        de + article Combined form
        de + o do
        de + a da
        de + i di
        de + e de

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

        de (of, from, preposition) + e (the (fem. plur.), article)

        Contraction

        [edit]

        de

        1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

        Lombard

        [edit]

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

        From Old Lombard de, from Latin .

        Preposition

        [edit]

        de

        1. from
        2. by, of

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        de

        1. (Cremish) Alternative form of

        References

        [edit]
        • Bonifacio, Samarani (1852) Vocabulario cremasco-italiano[13] (in Italian), Crema

        Louisiana Creole

        [edit]
        Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers
         <  1 2 3  > 
            Cardinal : de
            Ordinal : sègon
            Multiplier : doub
            Collective : toulédé

        Etymology

        [edit]

        Inherited from French deux (two), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Numeral

        [edit]

        de

        1. Alternative form of (two)

        Low German

        [edit]

        Alternative forms

        [edit]
        • dee (for the pronoun)
        • dei
        • de, (´ denoting a raising of the voice), (` denoting a swallow up or shorting) (all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim)

        Etymology

        [edit]

        From Middle Low German , from Old Saxon thē.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]
        • IPA(key): /deː/, /deɪ/, /dɛɪ̯/

        Article

        [edit]

        de m or f (neuter dat, plural de)

        1. the
          De Mann gat hen.The man walks [lit. goes] there.
          De Fru geiht hen.The woman walks [lit. goes] there.
          dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch)the sacrament of marriage

        Usage notes

        [edit]
        • Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.
        • There is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.

        Declension

        [edit]
        Sg. m. Sg. f. Sg. n. Pl.
        Nom. de de dat de
        Gen. des der der
        Dat. dem
        den
        der
        de
        den
        Acc. den de dat de

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        de m or f (neuter dat)

        1. (relative) which, that
          de Mann, de dår güngthe man, which walked there
          de Mann, den wi hüert häbbenthe man, which we hired
          de Fru, de wi hüert hębbenthe woman, which we have hired
          dat Schipp, dat wi sailt hębbenthe ship that we have sailed

        Usage notes

        [edit]
        • The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

        Declension

        [edit]
        Sg. m. Sg. f. Sg. n. Pl.
        Nom. de de dat de
        Gen.
        Dat.
        Acc. den de dat de

        Luxembourgish

        [edit]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        de

        1. unstressed form of du

        Declension

        [edit]

        Mandarin

        [edit]

        Romanization

        [edit]

        de (de5de0, Zhuyin ˙ㄉㄜ)

        1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
        2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
        3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
        4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
        5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
        6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠵨
        7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of

        Romanization

        [edit]

        de

        1. Nonstandard spelling of .
        2. Nonstandard spelling of .
        3. Nonstandard spelling of .
        4. Nonstandard spelling of dê̄.

        Usage notes

        [edit]
        • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

        Mauritian Creole

        [edit]
        Mauritian Creole cardinal numbers
         <  1 2 3  > 
            Cardinal : de
            Ordinal : deziem
            Adverbial : ledoub

        Etymology

        [edit]

        From French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Numeral

        [edit]

        de

        1. two

        Derived terms

        [edit]

        Middle Dutch

        [edit]

        Article

        [edit]

        de

        1. inflection of die:
          1. masculine nominative singular
          2. feminine nominative/accusative singular
          3. nominative/accusative plural

        Middle English

        [edit]

        Etymology 1

        [edit]

        Pronoun

        [edit]

        de

        1. Alternative form of þe (thee)

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        de

        1. Alternative form of dee

        Middle French

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

          Inherited from Old French de, from Latin , from Proto-Italic *dē.

          Pronunciation

          [edit]
          This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

          Preposition

          [edit]

          de

          1. of
          2. from
            (Can we add an example for this sense?)

          Descendants

          [edit]
          • French: de
            • English: de

          Mirandese

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]

          From Latin .

          Preposition

          [edit]

          de

          1. of, from
            Pertual ye un paíç localizado ne l sudoeste de la Ouropa.Portugal is a country located in the south-west of Europe.

          Mòcheno

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]

          From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.

          Article

          [edit]

          de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)

          1. the, nominative singular feminine definite article
          2. the, nominative plural definite article

          References

          [edit]

          North Frisian

          [edit]

          Etymology 1

          [edit]

          From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

          Pronoun

          [edit]

          de (Mooring)

          1. Object case of : you, thee; yourself, thyself
          Alternative forms
          [edit]
          See also
          [edit]

          Etymology 2

          [edit]

          From Old Frisian thī, derived from forms of Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

          Article

          [edit]

          de (Föhr-Amrum)

          1. the (masculine singular, full form)
            Coordinate term: (reduced form) a
          Alternative forms
          [edit]
          See also
          [edit]

          Northern Kurdish

          [edit]

          Postposition

          [edit]

          de

          1. an element of several circumpositions
          [edit]

          Northern Ndebele

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]

          From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

          Adjective

          [edit]

          -de

          1. tall

          Inflection

          [edit]
          Adjective concord, tone L
          Modifier Copulative
          1st singular engimude ngimude
          2nd singular omude umude
          1st plural esibade sibade
          2nd plural elibade libade
          Class 1 omude mude
          Class 2 abade bade
          Class 3 omude mude
          Class 4 emide mide
          Class 5 elide lide
          Class 6 amade made
          Class 7 eside side
          Class 8 ezinde zinde
          Class 9 ende inde
          Class 10 ezinde zinde
          Class 11 olude lude
          Class 14 obude bude
          Class 15 okude kude
          Class 17 okude kude

          Northern Sami

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]

          (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Conjunction

          [edit]

          de

          1. then, after that
          2. then, in that case

          Further reading

          [edit]
          • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[14], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

          Adverb

          [edit]

          de

          1. yes

          Norwegian Bokmål

          [edit]

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Article

          [edit]

          de

          1. definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.
          [edit]

          Pronoun

          [edit]

          de (accusative dem, genitive deres)

          1. they
          2. those

          See also

          [edit]

          References

          [edit]

          Norwegian Nynorsk

          [edit]

          Etymology 1

          [edit]

          From Old Norse þér, ér and þit, it. From a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

          Alternative forms

          [edit]

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Pronoun

          [edit]

          de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)

          1. you (second-person plural)
          Synonyms
          [edit]

          See also

          [edit]

          Etymology 2

          [edit]

          From French de, Latin .

          Preposition

          [edit]

          de

          1. used in set expressions (such as de jure); translates to "from" and "of"

          Etymology 3

          [edit]

          Pronoun

          [edit]

          de

          1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (that, it)

          Article

          [edit]

          de n

          1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (that, it)

          Etymology 4

          [edit]

          Pronoun

          [edit]

          de

          1. (dialectal or eye dialect, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) pronunciation spelling of deg

          References

          [edit]
          • “de” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
          • “de” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
          • Ivar Aasen (1850) “did”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog[15] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

          Nupe

          [edit]

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Verb

          [edit]

          de

          1. to have
            Mi de etun àI don't have a job

          Occitan

          [edit]

          Etymology 1

          [edit]

          Inherited from Latin .

          Preposition

          [edit]

          de

          1. of
          2. from
          Alternative forms
          [edit]
          • d' (before a vowel)

          Etymology 2

          [edit]

          Noun

          [edit]

          de f (plural des)

          1. dee (the letter d, D)

          Old French

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]

            Inherited from Latin , from Proto-Italic *dē.

            Pronunciation

            [edit]
            This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

            Preposition

            [edit]

            de

            1. of
            2. from
              (Can we add an example for this sense?)

            Usage notes

            [edit]
            • before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'

            Derived terms

            [edit]

            Descendants

            [edit]
            • Middle French: de
              • French: de
                • English: de

            Old Galician-Portuguese

            [edit]

            Alternative forms

            [edit]
            • d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
            • D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)

            Etymology

            [edit]

              From Latin (of; from).

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de

              1. of

              Descendants

              [edit]
              • Fala: de
              • Galician: de
              • Portuguese: de

              Old Irish

              [edit]

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de

              1. Alternative form of di (of, from)
                • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
                  De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
                  Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

              Pronoun

              [edit]

              de

              1. third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (of, from)
                • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
                  De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
                  Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
              2. Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English the before a comparative
                lía dethe more (literally, “more of it”)
                • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
                  Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
                  Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.
                  (literally, “Though he may go into a place that is higher, he is not higher of it; this is not thus for us, for we are higher of it through going into the high places.”)

              Old Occitan

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Latin .

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de

              1. of
              2. from

              Papuan Malay

              [edit]

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Pronoun

              [edit]

              de

              1. he, she, it
                De pukul sa kemarin.[1]He hit me yesterday.

              Usage notes

              [edit]
              • De is the short form of dia. It cannot always replace the latter. For instance, in the example below, 'by him' must be expressed by the full pronoun.
              Sa dapa pukul (dari dia)[1]I was hit (by him/her).

              References

              [edit]
              1. 1.0 1.1 Sawaki, Yusuf (2007) Does Passive exist in Melayu Papua?[1] (in Papuan Malay)

              Pennsylvania German

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              Compare German den.

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Article

              [edit]

              de pl (definite)

              1. dative plural of der (the)

              Declension

              [edit]
              Pennsylvania German definite articles
              Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
              Nominative der die es die
              Dative dem or em der dem or em de
              Accusative der or den die es die

              Pronoun

              [edit]

              de

              1. you

              Declension

              [edit]

              Phalura

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Verb

              [edit]

              de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)

              1. Past tense marker

              References

              [edit]
              • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “de”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[16], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

              Polish

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From the first letter of dupa.

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Noun

              [edit]

              de n (indeclinable)

              1. (minced oath) ass, arse, butt

              Further reading

              [edit]
              • de in Polish dictionaries at PWN

              Portuguese

              [edit]

              Alternative forms

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Old Galician-Portuguese de (of), from Latin (of).

              Pronunciation

              [edit]
               

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de

              1. of (in relation to)
                os amigos delehis friends (literally, “the friends of him”)
                1. of (forms compounds; often untranslated)
                  fones de ouvidoheadphones (literally, “phones of ear”)
                  acampamento de verãosummer camp
                2. of; about (on the subject of)
                  Do que estavam falando?What were they talking about?
                3. of; -'s (belonging to)
                  a casa de alguémsomeone's house
                4. -'s (made by)
                  Você provou o bolo da minha mãe?Have you tried my mother’s cake?
                5. of (being a part of)
                  capa do livrocover of the book
                6. of (introduces the month a given day is part of)
                  Primeiro de janeiro.First of January.
                7. of (introduces the object of an agent noun)
                  Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus.Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.
                8. of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)
                  A vila de Iorque.The village of York.
              2. of; -en (made or consisting of)
                De que é feito?What is this made of? (literally, “Of what is made this?”)
                1. -long (having the duration of)
                  um filme de duas horasa two hour-long movie
                2. of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)
                  Milhares de pessoas vieram.Thousands of people came.
                3. of (characterised by; having the given quality)
                  O templo não é mais um local de paz.The temple is no longer a place of peace.
              3. of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)
                Um balde cheio de água.A bucket full of water.
              4. from (born in or coming out of)
                De onde você é?Where are you from?
              5. by means of; by
                Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus.I always go to work by bus.
              6. as (in the role of)
                Na festa, ele estava de bruxo.At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.
              7. in (wearing)
                Homens de PretoMen in Black

              Usage notes

              [edit]

              When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, or an adverb denoting location, de is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

              Quotations

              [edit]

              For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

              Romanian

              [edit]

              Alternative forms

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Latin .

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Conjunction

              [edit]

              de

              1. (informal or literary) if
                Synonyms: dacă (most usual), (relatively uncommon)
              2. (with the optative mood) if only
              3. (informal) that (to the effect that)
                Synonyms: încât, (informal)
                Am așteptat de ne-am plictisit.
                We waited [so much] that we got bored.
                Cum a jucat echipa de a pierdut așa de rău?
                How did the team play to lose so badly?
                E o căldură de nu ar ieși nimeni din casă.
                There’s [such] heat that no one would go outside.
                Mașina a demarat de i-au scârțâit cauciucurile.
                The car sped off [so fast] that its tyres screeched.
                Am bani de nu știu ce să fac cu ei.
                I have [so much] money that I don’t know what to do with it.
              4. (archaic) while (whereas, despite the fact that)
                Synonyms: chiar dacă, deși, cu toate că

              Usage notes

              [edit]

              In the meaning of “if”, de is not typically directly followed by any word other than a verb, a pronoun (accusative or reflexive, but not nominative) or the word nu (no). The more common and style-neutral dacă is under no such restrictions.

              As an informal synonym of încât, de is used in simple constructions without any coordinative adverbs like atât, așa (so); therefore, a part of the sentence (“so much”, “so hard”, etc.) is missing and must be inferred. Încât and , while equivalent in meaning, require a coordinative adverb and so are not readily interchangeable with de.

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de (+accusative)

              1. of
                Beau o ceașcă de ceai.
                I’m drinking a cup of tea.
                Este profesor de matematică
                He’s a teacher of mathematics.
              2. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of motion: from.[usage note 1]
                Apa picură de sus.
                The water drips from above.
                De unde vine sunetul?
                Where does the sound come from?
                Gloanțele acestea nu sunt bune decât de aproape.
                These bullets are only good from a short distance.
                Seara la ora de vârf toată lumea se întoarce de la serviciu.
                In the evening during rush hour everybody is returning from work.
                Ia plasa de lângă radiator! O să se topească!
                Take the bag away from near the heater! It will melt!
                O foaie de hârtie poate fi trasă repede de sub un pahar.
                A sheet of paper can be quickly pulled from under a glass.
              3. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of origin: from.[usage note 1]
                Mâncarea de acolo e bună.
                The food from there is good.
                Pământul de sub Turnul din Pisa este prea moale.
                The earth from under the Leaning Tower of Pisa is too soft.
              4. (with adverbs of time, precisely referenced time-related nouns, or prepositions or conjunctions of time) of, from, ’s
                Ziua de mâine va fi mai bună decât ziua de azi.
                Tomorrow will be better than today.
                (literally, “the day of tomorrow”, “the day of today”)
                Întâlnirile de mâine, de marți și de săptămâna viitoare se amână.
                Tomorrow’s, Tuesday’s and next week’s meetings are being postponed.
                Arhiva este plină cu documente de demult.
                The archive is full of documents from long ago.
                Știrile acestea nu sunt de acum, ci de anul trecut.
                These news are not from right now, but from last year.
                Mă uit la poze de dinainte să mă fi născut.
                I’m looking at photos from before I was born.
                Retrăiesc amintiri de când eram copil.
                I’m reliving memories from when I was a child.
                Anii de după Revoluție au fost grei.
                The years from after the Revolution were difficult.
              5. for (intended for a certain destination)
                În magazin hainele de bărbați sunt în stânga, iar cele de femei în dreapta.
                In the shop, men’s clothes are on the left, while women’s are on the right.
                Acestea sunt de începători.
                These are for beginners.
                Ai cizme de lucru?
                Do you have work boots?
                Unele lemnuri sunt bune de tâmplărie, altele sunt bune de foc.
                Some woods are good for woodworking, others are good for firewood.
              6. Introduces a measure or a measurable or describable trait: of
                Suma este de zece lei.
                The sum is 10 lei.
                (literally, “The sum is of ten lei.”)
                A fost instalat un stâlp de șase metri înălțime.
                A pole six metres in height was installed.
                (literally, “of six metres in height”)
                Un procent de 40% din populația orașului este de etnie maghiară.
                A percentage of 40% out of the town’s population is of Hungarian ethnicity.
                ― De ce culoare este casa? ― De culoare galbenă.
                “What colour is the house?” “Yellow in colour”.
                Nu mai cumpăr niciodată energizant de doi lei.
                I’ll never buy a two lei energy drink again.
                (literally, “an energy drink of two lei”)
              7. Introduces the doer of a passive verb or participle: by.[usage note 2]
                Programul este susținut de statul român.
                The program is supported by the Romanian state.
              8. Introduces the author of a work: by.
              9. Connects a cardinal numeral who is a multiple of 100 or whose tens are greater than 1 to the determinated noun.[usage note 3]
                În cont sunt două sute șaisprezece lei și patruzeci și patru de bani.
                In the account there are 216 lei and 44 bani.
              10. Connects most adverbs other than certain basic ones to the determinated adjectives or adverbs.
                Sunt nemaipomenit de atent să ajung suficient de devreme.
                I’m exceedingly careful to arrive sufficiently early.
                Motocicleta merge destul de repede.
                The motorbike is going pretty fast.
                E atât de frumos afară.
                It’s so beautiful outside.
              11. Follows certain adverbs of position (as well as the temporal adverb înainte) to form prepositional phrases.
                Este bine să locuiești aproape de centrul orașului.
                It is good to live near the city centre.
                Stația nu este departe de aici.
                The station is not far from here.
                Dincolo de munți se află Transilvania.
                Beyond the mountains lies Transylvania.
                Aceste clădiri au fost construite înainte de Primul Război Mondial.
                These buildings were built before the First World War.
              12. Marks the point of action of a force of grip: by.
                Nu lua iepurele de urechi.
                Do not grab the rabbit by the ears.
                Plăcile se prind numai de margini.
                Vinyls are held by the edges only.
                L-a mușcat câinele de mână.
                The dog bit him by the hand.
                Pisicii nu îi place să fie trasă de coadă.
                The cat doesn’t like having its tail pulled.
                (literally, “being pulled by the tail”)
              13. (informal outside certain constructions; regarding physical or mental states or traits of living beings) for, because of, out of[usage note 4]
                Synonyms: de la (colloquial), din cauza
                La ora șase încă eram buimac de somn.
                At six I was still groggy for lack of sleep.
                Unii prizonieri au murit de foame, iar ceilalți de diverse boli.
                Some of the prisoners died of hunger, and the rest of various diseases.
                O să îți pierzi capul de zăpăcit ce ești.
                You’ll lose your own head for being so absent-minded.
                (literally, “for absent-minded that you are”)
                În casa asta nu se poate locui de multe ce lipsesc.
                One cannot live in this house for how many things are missing.
                (literally, “for many that are missing”)
                Muncitorii deja sunt obosiți de atâta drum.
                The workers are already tired for having come such a long way.
                (literally, “because of so much journey”)
              14. (informal, chiefly in the negative) Indicates the cause of a hindrance, physical or otherwise: because of
                Unii oameni stau în ușă fără să își dea seama că alții nu pot trece de ei.
                Some people stand in the doorway without realising that others cannot pass because of them.
                Nu se vede de ceață.
                There is no visibility because of fog.
                Mă auzi de zgomot?
                Can you hear me with all this noise?
                Pe aici nu se poate trece de minele de teren.
                One cannot pass through here due to landmines.
              15. Forms an adverbial numeral with ori or dăți.
                De câte ori a bătut ceasul? De șase ori.
                How many times did the pendulum clock strike? Six times.
              16. Precedes numbers and letters when they are themselves counted.
                Dacă ai un opt, o să îți trebuiască trei de zece ca să îți iasă media zece.
                If you have one grade of 8 (equivalent of a B), you’ll need three 10’s (equivalent of an A) to still get an average grade of 10.
                „Nu fi” nu se scrie cu doi de i, ci cu unul.
                Nu fi (don’t be) isn’t written with two i’s, but with one.
              17. (after indications of position or before numerals, time coordinates, or the word atât) than
                Synonym: decât (mutually exclusive in use)
                Puține orașe se află mai jos de nivelul mării.
                Few cities are situated lower than sea level.
                Război și pace are mai mult de o mie de pagini.
                War and Peace has more than a thousand pages.
                A trecut mai puțin de jumătate din vacanță.
                Less than half of summer break has passed.
                Nu se poate mai devreme de luna viitoare.
                It isn’t possible any earlier than next month.
                Poți chiar mai bine de atât.
                You can do even better than that.
              18. Marks the starting point of a state or recurring event: since, starting, as of.
                de acum încolofrom now on
                Curentul e tăiat de ieri.
                The power is cut since yesterday.
                Noii angajați încep de săptămâna viitoare serviciul.
                The new employees are beginning work starting next week.
              19. Marks the duration of a state or recurring event persisting to the present: for, in
                Compania noastră este prezentă în România de șase ani.
                Our company has been present in Romania for six years.
                Nu te-am mai văzut de multă vreme.
                I haven’t seen you in a long time.
              20. (only of festive dates) on
                Synonym: pe (of regular dates)
                De Anul Nou sau de 1 Mai se petrece.
                On New Year or May Day one celebrates.
                Mi-am luat concediu de ziua mea de naștere.
                On my birthday I took a day off.
              21. (informal) Against a sum of money or the equivalent value of something.
                De cincizeci de lei am luat cafea și de restul zahăr.
                I bought fifty lei’s worth of coffee, and sugar with the remainder.
                Poftim cinci lei, ia-ți bomboane de ei.
                Here’s five lei, buy yourself candy with it.
                De bonuri de masă nu se poate cumpăra alcool.
                One cannot buy alcohol with meal vouchers.
              22. (informal) Synonym of despre (about, of).[usage note 5]
                Ce știe lumea de economie?
                What do people know about economy?
                Tocmai vorbeam de tine.
                We were just talking about you.
              23. (informal) Connects an often negative qualifier to a noun or pronoun: of a.
                Aici stă un nesuferit de moș.Here lives a jerk of an old man.
                Prostul de mine, am uitat.Foolish me, I forgot.
              24. Stands between two repetitions of a unit of time to mark it as an interval of regular repetition: by.
                zi de ziday by day, daily
                an de anyear by year, annualy
                Minut de minut se aude semnalul.
                The signal is heard every minute.
                (literally, “minute by minute”)
              25. (colloquial) Stands between two reduplications of a noun, with the resulting construction signifying that said noun is distinguished in its class in an impressive way.
                Am văzut azi la magazin pantofi de pantofi. Bine, aveau și niște prețuri de prețuri.
                I saw some world-class shoes at the store today. Well, they also had some crazy high prices.
                Mi-a venit o idee de idee.
                I’ve just had an excellent idea.
                Toți se cred șmecheri de șmecheri.
                They all think they’re some real cool guys.
              26. Indicates a specific train by its origin station.
                Trenul de Timișoara face cincisprezece ore până la Iași.
                The Timișoara train takes fifteen hours to Iași.
              27. Indicates the recipients of an equal distribution: per.
                Rația e de 2 litri de apă de persoană.
                The ration is 2 litres of water per person.

              Usage notes

              [edit]
              1. 1.0 1.1 In the sense of “from”, de must contract into în (in) to form din, into între (between) to form dintre, and analogously into all adverbs derived from în. The combination de la is lexicalised.
              2. ^ When in a passive construction, de can be followed by către for clarification and to no change in meaning. This is typical of, but not restricted to, formal language.
              3. ^ The de that connects numerals to nouns may be omitted, but only in very formal, financial or legal language.
              4. ^ Of the constructions using de to mean “because of”, those that are not restricted to colloquial language are those referring to common bodily states: de foame (because of hunger), de sete (because of thirst), de frig (because of cold), de cald (because of heat), de frică (for fear), de somn (for lack of sleep), as well as with the name of any disease. Informally, an optional correlative sentence can be added using the connector ce. This meaning of de is very similar to one of the senses of de la. Most of the time, however, they are not interchangeable:
                • De can precede either a noun or an adjective, whereas de la only precedes nouns.
                • When preceding nouns, a cause introduced by de generally represents a feeling that is experienced, while the cause introduced by de la generally represents an event or an activity that worked to lead to a result in a manner understood by itself. Compare de oboseală (out of exhaustion) with de la alergat (from all the running around, which is understood to have led to exhaustion).
                • The previous point can be disregarded if the determiner atâta (so much) is prepended to the noun, in which case de is valid either way: de atâta alergat (from so much running around).
                • De is more likely to have negative connotations than de la.
              5. ^ In the sense of “about”, it can only be used after a verb, and not copulatively (“is about”) or after a noun (“a discussion about”). Despre, however, can be used in any of these situations.

              Derived terms

              [edit]

              Pronoun

              [edit]

              de m or f or n (indeclinable)

              1. (informal or regional) Relative pronoun: who, whom, to whom.
                Synonym: care

              Usage notes

              [edit]

              De can replace any form of care in the nominative, accusative and dative case.

              • Nominative: omul care a sosit — omul de a sosit (The man who arrived)
              • Accusative: casa pe care o văd — casa de o văd (the house which I see)
              • Dative: unul căruia i-am plătit — unul de i-am plătit (one to whom I paid)

              Genitive constructions cannot be expressed with de.

              Replacement of accusative care preceded by a preposition is done with a resumption of the object: filmul la care ne-am uitat — filmul de ne-am uitat la el (the film we watched). Stylistically this is much less desirable.

              References

              [edit]

              Romansch

              [edit]

              Alternative forms

              [edit]
              • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) di
              • (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) gi

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Latin diēs.

              Noun

              [edit]

              de m (plural des)

              1. (Surmiran) day

              Sardinian

              [edit]

              Alternative forms

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Latin , from Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de.

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese)

              1. Used to indicate possession, after the thing owned and before the owner; of; ’s
              2. from
              3. by, of, ’s
              4. than
              5. Used in superlative forms; in, of
              6. about, on, concerning
              7. Expresses composition; of, made of, in or more often omitted
              8. (followed by an infinitive) to or omitted
              9. Used in some expressions in a partitive-like function, often without article.

              References

              [edit]
              • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
              • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “de”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

              Saterland Frisian

              [edit]

              Pronunciation

              [edit]
              • IPA(key): /də/
              • Hyphenation: de

              Article

              [edit]

              de

              1. Unstressed form of die
              2. Unstressed form of ju
              3. Unstressed form of do

              References

              [edit]
              • Pyt Kramer (1996) Kute Seelter Sproakleere[17], Mildam, page 10

              Scottish Gaelic

              [edit]

              Alternative forms

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.

              Pronunciation

              [edit]
              • IPA(key): /d̥ʲe/, (some dialects) /d̪̊ə/

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)

              1. of
              2. off

              Usage notes

              [edit]
              • Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh, the form de dh' may be used:
                tha gràine de dh'airgead agamI have a little bit of money
              • In colloquial language and certain set phrases, the reduced form a may be used:
                chan eil càil a dh'fhios aigehe has no idea

              Inflection

              [edit]
              Personal inflection of de
              Person: simple emphatic
              singular first dhìom dhìomsa
              second dhìot dhìotsa
              third m dheth dhethsan
              f dhith dhithse
              plural first dhinn dhinne
              second dhibh dhibhse
              third dhiubh dhiubhsan

              Derived terms

              [edit]
              • bhàrr (down from, from off)

              Serbo-Croatian

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.

              Adverb

              [edit]

              de (Cyrillic spelling де)

              1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

              Pronoun

              [edit]

              de (Cyrillic spelling де)

              1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

              Synonyms

              [edit]

              Seychellois Creole

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

              Numeral

              [edit]

              de

              1. two

              Southern Ndebele

              [edit]

              Etymology

              [edit]

              From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

              Adjective

              [edit]

              -de

              1. tall

              Inflection

              [edit]

              This entry needs an inflection-table template.

              Spanish

              [edit]

              Pronunciation

              [edit]

              Etymology 1

              [edit]

              Noun

              [edit]

              de f (plural des)

              1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

              Etymology 2

              [edit]
              Spanish preposition “de” written as a ligature in capitals
              Hand-painted preposition “DE” in the wild

              From Latin .

              Preposition

              [edit]

              de

              1. of; 's; used after the thing owned and before the owner
                Constitución española de 1812
                Spanish constitution of 1812
                la cola del perro
                the dog’s tail
              2. from (with the source or provenance of or at)
                Soy de España.
                I’m from Spain.
                agua de manantialspringwater
              3. of (expressing composition, substance)
                una mesa de maderaa wooden table
              4. about (concerning; with regard to)
                Synonyms: sobre, acerca de
                Están hablando del pasado.
                They're talking about the past.
                tratarse deto be about; to concern
              5. of, from (indicating cause)
                Murió de hambre.
                He died of hunger.
              6. of (indicates a quality or characteristic)
                un hombre de fe
                a man of faith
              7. from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at)
                Synonym: desde
                el vuelo de Miami a Chicago
                the flight from Miami to Chicago
              8. of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective)
                harto desick of; tired of
              9. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)
                Nos protege del frío.
                It protects us from the cold.
              10. than (in certain phrases)
                más demore than
                menos deless than, fewer than
              11. used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns)
                campamento de verano
                summer camp
              12. (followed by the infinitive) indicates a conditional desire
                De haberlo sabido, no lo habría dicho.
                If I had known, I wouldn't have said it.
              13. indicates a time of day or period of someone's life
                de díaduring the daytime
                de niñoas a child; during childhood
              14. (after a noun and before a verb) indicates the purpose of an object
                Synonym: para
                goma de mascarchewing gum
                caña de pescarfishing rod
              Usage notes
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              • de combines with el to form del.
              • May form an all-capital ligature Đ.
              Derived terms
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              Further reading

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              Sranan Tongo

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              Etymology

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              From Igbo dị. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

              Pronunciation

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              Verb

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              de

              1. (copula) to be.

              Particle

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              de

              1. (dated) Alternative form of e.

              Swedish

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              Etymology 1

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              From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

              Alternative forms

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              Pronunciation

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              Pronoun

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              de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)

              1. they
                De ser dem
                They see them
              2. Misspelling of dem.
              Usage notes
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              In most dialects, de (they) and dem (them) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.

              Declension
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              Article

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              de

              1. the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.
                de gröna bilarnathe green cars
              Usage notes
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              • The usage notes for den explain how to express "the [adjective] [noun]."
              • The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.
              Brittiska öarna
              The British Isles
              Han har varit inne i Vita huset
              He has been inside the White House (where "Han har varit inne i det vita huset" would be expected were "Vita huset" not a proper noun)

              While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.

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              Etymology 2

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              From the common pronunciation of this word.

              Pronunciation

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              Pronoun

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              de

              1. (colloquial,