de

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"

Translingual[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology[edit]

Symbol[edit]

de

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.
    • Coordinate term: deu
  2. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

Noun[edit]

de (plural des)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • dee (Northumberland)

Verb[edit]

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

  1. (Northumbria) To do.

References[edit]

  • Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
  • Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [2]
  • Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
  • A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN

Etymology 3[edit]

Article[edit]

de

  1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
    • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎[3], archived from the original on 2022-12-12:
      So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

Etymology 4[edit]

Interjection[edit]

de

  1. A meaningless syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
    "Dum de dum, dum de dum", he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Anagrams[edit]

Alemannic German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
  • der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
  • d'r, dr (Bern)

Article[edit]

de

  1. (definite) the
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:
      [...] Fründ der Natur [...]
    • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:
      [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:
      [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:
      [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:
      [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:
      Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
      Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.
    • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:
      Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Declension[edit]

Zürich:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative de
der (before a vowel)		 die, d', d'- 's
(at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S')		 de, d'
Genitive der
Dative dem der, de dem de
Accusative de
der (before a vowel)		 de, d', d'- 's d', d'-

Thurgau:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative de (before a consonant, including h)
der (before a vowel, also before h)		 die, de, d'- das, 's die, d'-
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem de (before a consonant)
den (before a vowel)
Accusative de (before a consonant)
der (before a vowel)
den (before a vowel, less common)		 die, de, d'- das, 's d'-

Albanian[edit]

  1. used with exclamations
    Ashtu de!
    This manner!

Further reading[edit]

  • “de” on fjalorthi.com
  • “de” in Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe at shkenca.org

Asturian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of, from

Usage notes[edit]

  • The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

Derived terms[edit]

Bambara[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

de

  1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)
    A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele
    He didn't call you. It was me that called

References[edit]

Basque[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

de inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension[edit]

Declension of de (inanimate, ending in vowel)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive de dea deak
ergative dek deak deek
dative deri deari deei
genitive deren dearen deen
comitative derekin dearekin deekin
causative derengatik dearengatik deengatik
benefactive derentzat dearentzat deentzat
instrumental dez deaz deez
inessive detan dean deetan
locative detako deko deetako
allative detara dera deetara
terminative detaraino deraino deetaraino
directive detarantz derantz deetarantz
destinative detarako derako deetarako
ablative detatik detik deetatik
partitive derik — —
prolative detzat — —

See also[edit]

Bavarian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • d' (unstressed form)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with German German die.

Article[edit]

de f or pl

  1. the

See also[edit]

Bavarian articles
m n f pl
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
definite nominative der, da — das, es, des 's de d' de d'
accusative en, den 'n
dative em, dem 'm em, dem 'm der, da —
genitive1 des des der, da der, da
indefinite nominative a — a — a —
accusative an 'n
dative am 'm am 'm a, ana 'na
1) higher, formal register

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. she, her (accusative)
  2. they, them

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du — di — dia (dir) da
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

Catalan[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

de f (plural des)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (before vowel or h d')

  1. of, from

Further reading[edit]

Cebuano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Spanish de.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)
    hopia de Cebu
    Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu
    Isabel biyuda de Cortes
    Isabel widow of Cortes

Related terms[edit]

Central Franconian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de (definite, reduced)

  1. the
    1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
    2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
    3. (many dialects) plural dative
    4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
    5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
    6. (few dialects) feminine dative

Usage notes[edit]

  • (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.
1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.
2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.
3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).
  • (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
  • (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
  • Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Declension[edit]

definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de (some dialects, also some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced)
dä (Ripuarian; full) 		de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full) 		de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)
Genitive
Dative de (few dialects; reduced)
dä (Ripuarian; full)
där (Moselle Franconian; full) 		de (many dialects; reduced)
dä (some Ripuarian dialects; full)
Accusative de (some dialects; reduced)
dä (Ripuarian; full) 		de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full) 		de (most dialects; reduced)
die (most dialects; full)

Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠]):

Ripuarian definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dę de ət de
Genitive dęs (rare)
Dative dęm dę(ꝛ) dęm dę̄
Accusative dę de ət de
Ripuarian demonstrative pronoun
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dę̄ꝛ dē dat dē
Genitive des
Dative dęm dęꝛ dęm mf dęǹə
n (fan) dęǹə
Accusative dę̄ (dęǹə) dē dat dē

Ripuarian → Kölsch (as acutally used):

definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der, de, dä die, de dat, et, -'t die, de
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem den
Accusative den, dä die, de dat, et, -'t die, de

Quotations[edit]

  • 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:
    Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
    Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

Derived terms[edit]

  • em (en dem)

References[edit]

  • Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

Cimbrian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • di (Luserna)

Article[edit]

de

  1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
    1. nominative singular feminine
    2. accusative singular feminine
    3. nominative plural
      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.
      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.
    4. accusative plural

See also[edit]

Cimbrian definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative dar de / di 's / z de / di
Accusative in de / di 's / z de / di
Dative me dar me in

References[edit]

  • “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of

Related terms[edit]

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de pl

  1. plural definite article
    de grønne huse
    the green houses

See also[edit]

  • den (common gender singular)
  • det (neuter gender singular)

Pronoun[edit]

de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

  1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
  2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
  3. (determiner) those
    De kager smager ikke godt.
    Those cakes taste not good.
    • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90
      De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.
      Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.
    • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN
      De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.
      Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

See also[edit]

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /də/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: de
  • Rhymes: -ə

Article[edit]

de

  1. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)
    De man ― The man (masculine singular)
    De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)
    Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)
    De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)
    De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

Inflection[edit]

Dutch definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de de het de
Genitive des der des der
Dative den der den den
Accusative den de het de

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Afrikaans: die
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: di
  • Jersey Dutch: de
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Esperanto[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. from
    Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!
    I don't buy anything at all from this store!
  2. of, possessed by
    La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.
    David's car is black.
  3. done, written or composed by
    Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?
    Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?
    La viro estis mordita de hundo.
    The man was bitten by a dog.
    Synonyms: far, fare de

Fala[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē (“of; from”).

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
      Español falan millós de persoas.
      Millions of people speak Spanish.

Usage notes[edit]

References[edit]

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu [Fala Dictionary]‎[4], CIDLeS, →ISBN, page 105

Faroese[edit]

Noun[edit]

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension[edit]

Declension of de
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative de deið de deini
accusative de deið de deini
dative de, dei denum deum deunum
genitive des desins dea deanna

See also[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of (expresses belonging)
    • 1837, Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:
      Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
      In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....
    Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.
  2. of (used to express property or association)
    Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works
    Elle est la femme de mon ami. ― She is my friend’s wife.
    le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor
  3. from (used to indicate origin)
    Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.
    Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?
    Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.
    C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.
    Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.
  4. of (indicates an amount)
    5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.
    Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
    Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries
  5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word
    Un jus de pomme ― Apple juice
    Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
    Une boîte de nuit ― A nightclub
    Un chien de garde ― A guarddog
    Une voiture de sport ― A sportscar
    Un stade de football ― A football stadium
  6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)
    De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.
    Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.
    un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people
  7. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive
    J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped smoking.
    Il continue de m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.
    Elle m’a dit de venir. ― She told me to come.
    Nous vous exhortons de venir. ― We urge you to come.
  8. by (indicates the amount of change)
    Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.
Usage notes[edit]

Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.

Le Songe d’une nuit d’été' ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream (literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)
La queue du chien ― The dog’s tail
Index des auteurs ― Index of the authors

Article[edit]

de (indefinite)

  1. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.
    Ce sont de bons enfants. ― They are good children.
    Il y a d’autres exemples. ― There are other examples.
  2. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.
    Elle n’a pas de mère. ― She doesn’t have a mother.
    Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn’t eat meat.
    Il n’y a pas de problèmes. ― There are no problems.
Usage notes[edit]
  • In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example[1]:
    • when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être
      Il n'est pas un menteur. ― He isn't a liar.
    • when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)
      Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn't eat meat.
      Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain. ― He doesn't eat meat, but bread.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

de f (plural des)

  1. Abbreviation of dame.
See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Banque de dépannage linguistique

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of, from
    Veño de Lugo.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  3. of; -'s (belonging to)
    Socorro é a avoa de Clara e de Daniel.
    Socorro is Clara and Daniel's grandmother

Usage notes[edit]

The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Derived terms[edit]

of/from + the
- Singular Plural
Masculine do dos
Feminine da das
of/from + third-person pronoun
- Singular Plural
Masculine del deles
Feminine dela delas

Further reading[edit]

Haitian Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French deux (“two”).

Numeral[edit]

de

  1. two

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

de (not comparable)

  1. how!, very much
    De szép ez a ház! ― Oh, how beautiful that house is!
    Synonyms: (dated, poetic) be, milyen, mennyire

Conjunction[edit]

de

  1. but
    Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben
  2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)
    Synonym: de igen
    Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam. ― You weren’t here! – Yes I was!

Derived terms[edit]

Compound words
Expressions

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • (adverb): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (conjunction): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • de in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

Hunsrik[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • te (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de (definite)

  1. inflection of där:
    1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
    2. unstressed dative singular feminine
    3. unstressed dative plural all genders

Declension[edit]

Hunsrik definite articles
nominative accusative dative
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
Masculine där de där de dem
Feminine die die där de
Neuter das das dem
Plural die die den de

Further reading[edit]

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)
    Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.
    I bought the fruits from the market.
  2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)
    Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.
    I was one of five in the competition.
    Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.
    I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.
  3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)
    Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.
    I have three bottles of water.
  4. with a title of nobility
    Rejio de Anglia
    Queen of England

Antonyms[edit]

  • ad (“to”)
  • til (“until, till”)

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

  • di (“of (indicates possession or association)”)
  • da (“by”)

Noun[edit]

de (plural de-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

See also[edit]

See also[edit]

  • ek (“out of, out from”)

Interlingua[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. from
  2. since
  3. of
  4. with
  5. by means of
  6. to
  7. for

Irish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish di (“of, from”).

Alternative forms[edit]

  • d’ (used before a vowel sound)

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

  1. from
  2. of
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of de
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. díom díomsa
2d person sing. díot díotsa
3d sing. masc. de desean
3d sing. fem. di dise
1st person pl. dínn dínne
2d person pl. díbh díbhse
3d person pl. díobh díobhsan
Derived terms[edit]
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”) na (“the pl”) mo (“my”) do (“your”) a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) ár (“our”) ar (“which (past)”) (before consonant) (present/future before vowel) (past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”) den de na
desna*		 de mo
dem*		 de do
ded*, det*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
do (“to, for”) don do na
dosna*		 do mo
dom*		 do do
dod*, dot*		 dá dár dar darb darbh
faoi (“under, about”) faoin faoi na faoi mo faoi do faoina faoinár faoinar faoinarb faoinarbh
i (“in”) sa, san sna i mo
im*		 i do
id*, it*		 ina inár inar inarb inarbh
le (“with”) leis an leis na le mo
lem*		 le do
led*, let*		 lena lenár lenar lenarb lenarbh
ó (“from, since”) ón ó na
ósna*		 ó mo
óm*		 ó do
ód*, ót*		 óna ónár ónar ónarb ónarbh
trí (“through”) tríd an trí na trí mo trí do trína trínár trínar trínarb trínarbh
*Dialectal.

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (de)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (emphatic desean)

  1. third-person singular masculine of de

References[edit]

  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 19

Further reading[edit]

Italian[edit]

Contraction[edit]

de

  1. Apocopic form of del
    Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino". ― Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".

Usage notes[edit]

De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

de

  1. Rōmaji transcription of で
  2. Rōmaji transcription of デ

Jersey Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de

  1. the
    • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
      De v'lôrene zön
      The prodigal (literally "lost") son

Ladin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of, from

Derived terms[edit]

Ladino[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)

  1. of
    • 2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎[5]:
      Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.
      Sunday night we're going to light the first candle of our Hanukiyas.
  2. from

Lashi[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj (“do, make”). Cognates include Ao da (“do”) and Lahu te (“do”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

de

  1. (transitive) to build

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

de

  1. wealth

References[edit]

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[6], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/[1].

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

dē f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter D.
Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • de in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
  1. ^ (2012) The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard: Version 6.1 – Core Specification. →ISBN, page 468; citing: (1985) Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. →ISBN.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

dē (+ ablative)

  1. of, concerning, about
    actum est de aliquo ― It is over for someone, the fate of someone is sealed
    • Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ, Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland., transl., 1‎[7]:
    De rebus mathematicis. ― Concerning mathematical things.
  2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.
    Emere de aliquo. ― To buy from someone.
    Aliquid mercari de aliquo. ― To buy something from someone.
    De aliquo quaerere, quid, etc., C ― To search for someone.
    Saepe hoc audivi de patre. ― I have often heard this from father.
    De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.
    Ut sibi liceret discere id de me. ― Just as he himself permitted for me to learn.
    Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.
    De matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “I rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away.”)
    Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.
    Ferrum de manibus extorsimus. ― We tore the sword from their hands.
    Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.
    De caelo aliquid demittere. ― To bring down something from the sky.
    1. with petere, of a place
      De vicino terra petita solo. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    2. (Late Latin) of persons
      Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.
  3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.
    Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.
    Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.
    Decedere de provincia. ― To retire from office.
    De vita decedere. ― To withdraw from life
    Exire de vita. ― to exit out of life.
    (compare excedere e vita)
    De triclinio, de cubiculo exire. ― To go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum.
    De castris procedere. ― To proceed out of the military camps.
    ...decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.
    De muro se deicere. ― To throw oneself down from the wall.
    De sella exsilire. ― To jump from the stool.
    Nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare. ― To aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall.
    De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.
Usage notes[edit]
  • Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Descendants
  • Aragonese: de
  • Asturian: de
  • Aromanian: di
  • Old Catalan: de
    • Catalan: de
  • Corsican: di
  • Dalmatian: de
  • → Esperanto: de
  • Franco-Provençal: de
  • Old French: de
    • Middle French: de
      • French: de
  • Friulian: di
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: de
    • Galician: de
    • Portuguese: de
  • → Ido: de
  • → Interlingua: de
  • Italian: di
  • Ladin: de
  • Ladino: de
  • Mozarabic: ذي‎ (ḏī)
  • Neapolitan: 'e
  • Old Occitan: de
    • Occitan: de
  • Romanian: de
  • Romansch: da
  • Sicilian: di
  • Old Spanish: de
    • Spanish: de

Ligurian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
  2. from
de + article Combined form
de + o do
de + a da
de + i di
de + e de

Etymology 2[edit]

de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)

Contraction[edit]

de

  1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • dee (for the pronoun)
  • dei
  • de, dé (´ denoting a raising of the voice), dè (` denoting a swallow up or shorting) (all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /deː/, /deɪ/, /dɛɪ̯/

Article[edit]

de m or f (neuter dat, plural de)

  1. the
    De Mann gat hen. ― The man walks [lit. goes] there.
    De Fru geiht hen. ― The woman walks [lit. goes] there.
    dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch) ― the sacrament of marriage

Usage notes[edit]

  • Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.
  • There is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.

Declension[edit]

Sg. m. Sg. f. Sg. n. Pl.
Nom. de de dat de
Gen. des der der
Dat. dem
den		 der
de		 den
Acc. den de dat de

Pronoun[edit]

de m or f (neuter dat)

  1. (relative) which, that
    de Mann, de dår güng ― the man, which walked there
    de Mann, den wi hüert häbben ― the man, which we hired
    de Fru, de wi hüert hębben ― the woman, which we have hired
    dat Schipp, dat wi sailt hębben ― the ship that we have sailed

Usage notes[edit]

  • The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

Declension[edit]

Sg. m. Sg. f. Sg. n. Pl.
Nom. de de dat de
Gen.
Dat.
Acc. den de dat de

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. unstressed form of du

Declension[edit]

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular m hien en hien en him em sech
f si se si se hir er sech
n hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

de (de5／de0, Zhuyin ˙ㄉㄜ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 地
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 底
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 得
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 的
  5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 脦
  6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠵨
  7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of の

de

  1. Nonstandard spelling of dē.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of dé.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of dè.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of dê̄.

Usage notes[edit]

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maquiritari[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Particle[edit]

de

  1. expresses frustration

References[edit]

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “de”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon

Mauritian Creole[edit]

Mauritian Creole cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : de
    Ordinal : deziem
    Adverbial : ledoub

Etymology[edit]

From French deux.

Pronunciation[edit]

Numeral[edit]

de

  1. two

Derived terms[edit]

Middle Dutch[edit]

Article[edit]

de

  1. inflection of die:
    1. masculine nominative singular
    2. feminine nominative/accusative singular
    3. nominative/accusative plural

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. Alternative form of þe (“thee”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

de

  1. Alternative form of dee

Middle French[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
  2. from

Mirandese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of, from
    Pertual ye un paíç localizado ne l sudoeste de la Ouropa. ― Portugal is a country located in the south-west of Europe.

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.

Article[edit]

de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)

  1. the, nominative singular feminine definite article
  2. the, nominative plural definite article

References[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Postposition[edit]

de

  1. an element of several circumpositions

Related terms[edit]

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective[edit]

-de

  1. tall

Inflection[edit]

Adjective concord, tone L
Modifier Copulative
1st singular engimude ngimude
2nd singular omude umude
1st plural esibade sibade
2nd plural elibade libade
Class 1 omude mude
Class 2 abade bade
Class 3 omude mude
Class 4 emide mide
Class 5 elide lide
Class 6 amade made
Class 7 eside side
Class 8 ezinde zinde
Class 9 ende inde
Class 10 ezinde zinde
Class 11 olude lude
Class 14 obude bude
Class 15 okude kude
Class 17 okude kude

Northern Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

de

  1. then, after that
  2. then, in that case

Further reading[edit]

  • Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Adverb[edit]

de

  1. yes

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de

  1. definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.

Related terms[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (accusative dem, genitive deres)

  1. they
  2. those

See also[edit]

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg mi min mitt mine
Second – du deg di din ditt dine
Third feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (person) han ham / han hans
feminine (noun) den dens
masculine (noun)
neuter (noun) det dets
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second – dere deres
Third general de dem deres
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse þér, ér and þit, it. From a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)

  1. you (second-person plural)
Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk personal pronouns
person first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative eg, je1 du han ho det, dat2
accusative meg deg seg han, honom2 ho, henne2 det, dat2
dative2 meg deg seg honom henne di2
genitive min din sin hans hennar, hennes1 dess3
case plural
nominative me, vi de, dokker dei
accusative oss, okk dykk, dokker seg dei, deim2
dative oss, okk dykk, dokker seg deim2
genitive vår, okkar dykkar, dokkar sin deira, deires1
1Obsolete. 2Landsmål. 3Rare or literary. Cursive forms unofficial today.


Etymology 2[edit]

From French de, Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. used in set expressions (such as de jure); translates to "from" and "of"

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

Article[edit]

de n

  1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. (dialectal or eye dialect, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) pronunciation spelling of deg

References[edit]

  • “de” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “de” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
  • Ivar Aasen (1850), “did”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog, Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

Nupe[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

de

  1. to have
    Mi de etun à ― I don't have a job

Occitan[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
  2. from
Alternative forms[edit]
  • d' (before a vowel)

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

de f (plural des)

  1. dee (the letter d, D)

Old French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
  2. from

Usage notes[edit]

  • before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle French: de
    • French: de

Old Galician-Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
  • D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē (“of; from”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of

Descendants[edit]

  • Fala: de
  • Galician: de
  • Portuguese: de

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. Alternative form of di (“of, from”)
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
      De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
      Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (“of, from”)
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
      De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
      Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
  2. Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative
    lía de ― the more (literally, “more of it”)
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
      Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
      Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.
      (literally, “Though he may go into a place that is higher, he is not higher of it; this is not thus for us, for we are higher of it through going into the high places.”)

Old Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of
  2. from

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German den.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

de pl (definite)

  1. the

Declension[edit]

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die es die
Accusative der die es die
Dative dem der em de

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. you

Declension[edit]

Declension of de
Nominative Accusative Dative
1st - Singular ich mich mir
mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular du
de (unstressed) 		dich dir
der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine er ihn
en (unstressed) 		ihm
em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine sie
se (unstressed) 		sie
se (unstressed) 		ihre
re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter es es ihm
em (unstressed)
1st - Plural mir
mer (unstressed) 		uns uns
2nd - Plural dihr
der (unstressed) 		eich eich
3rd - Plural sie sie ihne
ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite Sie Sie Ihne
Ne (unstressed)

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)

  1. Past tense marker

References[edit]

  • Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Portuguese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • d' (archaic, except for fixed terms)

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese de (“of”), from Latin dē (“of”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • (Nordestino) IPA(key): /di/
  • (Caipira) IPA(key): /di/
  • Hyphenation: de

Preposition[edit]

de

  2. of (in relation to)
    os amigos dele
    his friends
    (literally, “the friends of him”)
    2. of (forms compounds; often untranslated)
      fones de ouvido
      headphones
      (literally, “phones of ear”)
      acampamento de verão
      summer camp
    4. of; about (on the subject of)
      Do que estavam falando?
      What were they talking about?
    6. of; -'s (belonging to)
      a casa de alguém
      someone's house
    8. -'s (made by)
      Você provou o bolo da minha mãe?
      have you tried my mother’s cake?
    10. of (being a part of)
      capa do livro
      cover of the book
    12. of (introduces the month a given day is part of)
      Primeiro de janeiro.
      First of January.
    14. of (introduces the object of an agent noun)
      Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus.
      Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.
    16. of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)
      A vila de Iorque.
      The village of York.
  4. of; -en (made or consisting of)
    De que é feito?
    What is this made of?
    (literally, “Of what is made this?”)
    2. -long (having the duration of)
      um filme de duas horas
      a two hour-long movie
    4. of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)
      Milhares de pessoas vieram.
      Thousands of people came.
    6. of (characterised by; having the given quality)
      O templo não é mais um local de paz.
      The temple is no longer a place of peace.
  6. of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)
    Um balde cheio de água.
    A bucket full of water.
  8. from (born in or coming out of)
    De onde você é?
    Where are you from?
  10. by means of; by
    Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus.
    I always go to work by bus.
  12. as (in the role of)
    Na festa, ele estava de bruxo.
    At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.
  14. in (wearing)
    Homens de Preto
    Men in Black

Usage notes[edit]

Used in the following contractions:

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (+accusative)

  1. from
    Casa mea nu este departe de aici. ― My house is not far from here.
  2. of
    o ceașcă de ceai ― a cup of tea
    un profesor de matematică ― a professor of mathematics
  3. by
    o carte scrisă de Marin Preda. ― a book written by Marin Preda

Derived terms[edit]

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) di
  • (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) gi

Etymology[edit]

From Latin diēs.

Noun[edit]

de m (plural des)

  1. (Surmiran) day

Sardinian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 'e (aphetic)
  • d' (apocopic)
  • di (Campidanese)

Etymology[edit]

From Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese)

  1. Used to indicate possession, after the thing owned and before the owner; of; ’s
  2. from
  3. by, of, ’s
  4. than
  5. Used in superlative forms; in, of
  6. about, on, concerning
  7. Expresses composition; of, made of, in or more often omitted
  8. (followed by an infinitive) to or omitted
  9. Used in some expressions in a partitive-like function, often without article.

References[edit]

  • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “de”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Saterland Frisian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /də/
  • Hyphenation: de

Article[edit]

de

  1. Unstressed form of die
  2. Unstressed form of ju
  3. Unstressed form of do

References[edit]

  • Pyt Kramer (1996) Kute Seelter Sproakleere‎[10], Mildam, page 10

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de (+ dative, triggers lenition)

  1. of
  2. off

Inflection[edit]

Personal inflection of de
Number Person Simple Emphatic
Singular 1st dhìom dhìomsa
2nd dhìot dhìotsa
3rd m dheth dhethsan
3rd f dhith dhithse
Plural 1st dhinn dhinne
2nd dhibh dhibhse
3rd dhiubh dhiubhsan

Derived terms[edit]

  • bhàrr (“down from, from off”)

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.

Adverb[edit]

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

  1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Pronoun[edit]

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

  1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

Synonyms[edit]

Seychellois Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French deux.

Numeral[edit]

de

  1. two

Southern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective[edit]

-de

  1. tall

Inflection[edit]

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (after a pause, 'l', 'm', 'n' and 'ñ') /de/ [d̪e]
    • Syllabification: de
  • IPA(key): (elsewhere) /de/ [ð̞e̞]
  • Audio (Latin America)(file)
  • Audio (Spain)(file)
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Homophone: dé

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

de f (plural des)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2[edit]

Spanish preposition “de” written as a ligature in capitals
Hand-painted preposition “DE” in the wild

From Latin dē.

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of; ’s; used after the thing owned and before the owner
    Constitución española de 1812
    Spanish constitution of 1812
    la cola del perro
    the dog’s tail
  2. from (with the source or provenance of or at)
    Soy de España.
    I’m from Spain.
    agua de manantial ― springwater
  3. of (expressing composition, substance)
    una mesa de madera ― a wooden table
  4. about (concerning; with regard to)
    Synonyms: sobre, acerca de
    Están hablando del pasado.
    They're talking about the past.
    tratarse de ― to be about; to concern
  5. of, from (indicating cause)
    Murió de hambre.
    He died of hunger.
  6. of (indicates a quality or characteristic)
    un hombre de fe
    a man of faith
  7. from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at)
    Synonym: desde
    el vuelo de Miami a Chicago
    the flight from Miami to Chicago
  8. of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective)
    harto de ― sick of; tired of
  9. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)
    Nos protege del frío.
    It protects us from the cold.
  10. than (in certain phrases)
    más de ― more than
    menos de ― less than, fewer than
  11. Used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns).
    campamento de verano
    summer camp
  12. (followed by the infinitive) Indicates a conditional desire.
    De haberlo sabido, no lo habría dicho.
    If I had known, I wouldn't have said it.
  13. Indicates a time of day or period of someone's life.
    de día ― during the daytime
    de niño ― as a child; during childhood
  14. (after a noun and before a verb) Indicates the purpose of an object.
    Synonym: para
    goma de mascar ― chewing gum
    caña de pescar ― fishing rod
Usage notes[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English there.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

de

  1. (copula) to be.

Particle[edit]

de

  1. (dated) Alternative form of e.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

Alternative forms[edit]

  • (informal) dom
  • (informal, dialectal) di

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)

  1. they
  2. Misspelling of dem.
Usage notes[edit]

In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.

Declension[edit]
Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2, en5 hans
feminine (person) hon henne, na5 hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen, henom7 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers6 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders6 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Article[edit]

de

  1. the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.
    de gröna bilarna ― the green cars
Usage notes[edit]

The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.

Brittiska öarna
The British Isles

While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.

Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From the common pronunciation of this word.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de

  1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

Article[edit]

de

  1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) Pronunciation spelling of det.

Anagrams[edit]

Tabaru[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

de

  1. coordinating conjunction between two nouns: and
    'o 'esa de 'o dea ― mother and father
  2. coordinating conjunction between two clauses: and
    'una wigogama de witirine ― he is feverish and he trembles

References[edit]

  • Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Tagalog[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish de (“of”).

Preposition[edit]

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)

  1. (archaic) of (now only used in derived forms)
    Synonym: ng
See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Spanish de, the Spanish name of the letter D/d.

Noun[edit]

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)

  1. (historical) The name of the Latin-script letter D/d, in the Abecedario.
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) di, (in the Abakada alphabet) da

Further reading[edit]

  • Panganiban, José Villa (1973) Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles, Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co., page 360

Tarantino[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of

Tok Pisin[edit]

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology[edit]

From English day.

Noun[edit]

de

  1. day
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:5:
      Tulait em i kolim “De”, na tudak em i kolim “Nait”. Nait i go pinis na moning i kamapage. Em i de namba wan.
      →New International Version translation

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish ده (da, de, “conj. also, and, moreover, again”)[1], from Proto-Turkic *tākı (“conj. and”)[2][3].

Conjunction[edit]

de

  1. as well, too, also
    Özer de sorunun yanıtını biliyor. ― Özer also knows the answer of the question.
    Berker de bizimle geliyor. ― Berker is coming with us as well.
    Utku da dondurma yemeyi sever. ― Utku likes eating ice cream, too.
Usage notes[edit]
  • Complies with vowel harmony; takes the form da with vowels "a, ı, o, u" and de with vowels "e, i, ö, ü."

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

de

  1. second-person singular imperative of demek

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

de

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890), “ده”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 929
  2. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*d(i)akɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  3. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “de”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Further reading[edit]

Volapük[edit]

Preposition[edit]

de

  1. of, from

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexsos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyhow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.

The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east.[1] Compare the relationship between cledd (“left”) and gogledd (“north”).

Adjective[edit]

de (feminine singular de, plural de, not comparable)

  1. right (opposite of left)
  2. south, southern (abbreviation: D)
Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

de m or f (uncountable)

  1. right
  2. south
  3. (as y De, when in Wales) South Wales
Usage notes[edit]
  • The noun has masculine gender when used with the sense of "south" and feminine gender when used with the sense "right".
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
de dde ne unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

  • (compass points)
gogledd
gorllewin dwyrain
de


References[edit]

  1. ^ Evans, D. Silvan (1893) Dictionary of the Welsh Language‎[1], page 1388

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

de

  1. Soft mutation of te.
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
te de nhe the
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare Dutch and Low German de, English the, German der.

Determiner[edit]

de

  1. the; definite article
    Ik hâld de boek. ― I'm holding the book.

Usage notes[edit]

After one-syllable prepositions ending in a consonant, the variant 'e is used.

Inflection[edit]

  • Common singular: de
  • Neuter singular: it
  • Plural: de

Further reading[edit]

  • “de”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

West Makian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngori.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (possessive prefix ti)

  1. first-person singular pronoun, I

See also[edit]

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[11], Pacific linguistics

Wyandot[edit]

Etymology[edit]

cf. Mohawk ne.

Article[edit]

de

  1. the

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

Adjective[edit]

-de

  1. tall

Inflection[edit]

Adjective concord, tone L
Modifier Copulative
positive negative positive negative
1st singular endimde endingemde ndimde andimde
2nd singular omde ongemde umde awumde
1st plural esibade esingebade sibade asibade
2nd plural enibade eningebade nibade anibade
Class 1 omde ongemde mde akamde
Class 2 abade abangebade bade ababade
Class 3 omde ongemde mde awumde
Class 4 emide engemide mide ayimide
Class 5 elide elingelide lide alilide
Class 6 amade angemade made awamade
Class 7 eside esingeside side asiside
Class 8 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 9 ende engende inde ayiyinde
Class 10 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 11 olude olungelude lude alulude
Class 14 obude obungebude bude abubude
Class 15 okude okungekude kude akukude
Class 17 okude okungekude kude akukude

Yoruba[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dè

  1. (transitive) to tie down, to constrain
    Mo dè é lọ́wọ́ àti lẹ́sẹ̀ ― I tied him on both his hands and legs
  2. to embroider
    Mo de ọrùn aṣọ náà ― I embroided the neck of the clothes
Usage notes[edit]
  • de when coming before a direct object
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dè

  1. (intransitive) to deputize, to hold a position for someone temporarily
    Ó ń de ipò fún mi ― He was deputizing my position for me
Usage notes[edit]
  • Usually used with the word ipò (“position”)
  • de when coming before a direct object
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Cognate with Igala dè.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dè

  1. (transitive) to await, to wait for
    Mo jókòó dè é ― I sat down and waited for him
Usage notes[edit]
  • de when coming before a direct object noun
  • Used as a verb-second element

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dé

  1. (intransitive, copulative) to arrive
    A ti dé ― We have arrived
  2. (transitive) to attain, to reach a particular point
Derived terms[edit]

Preposition[edit]

dé

  1. up to, as far as
    Ó gùn títí dé Èkó ― It stretched to as far as Lagos

Etymology 5[edit]

Cognate with Igala dé.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dé

  1. (transitive) to cover, to wear a hat
Derived terms[edit]

Zande[edit]

Noun[edit]

de

  1. woman

Zealandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die.

Determiner[edit]

de

  1. the (definite article)

Inflection[edit]

  • Masculine: de, d'n (before b, d, t or a vowel)
  • Feminine: de
  • Neuter: 't
  • Plural: de

Zhuang[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

de (Sawndip forms 他 or 𬿇 or 𭶼 or 爹 or 佚 or 𰂡, 1957–1982 spelling de)

  1. he; she; it

See also[edit]

Standard Zhuang personal pronouns
Person Singular Plural
1st exclusive gou dou
inclusive raeuz
2nd mwngz sou
3rd de gyoengqde

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì. The expected reflex would be -le, however it was changed due to analogy with its class 8, 9, and 10 forms (zinde, inde, zinde).

Adjective[edit]

-de

  1. long
  2. tall, high

Inflection[edit]

Adjective concord, tone L
Modifier Copulative
positive negative positive negative
1st singular engimude engingemude ngimude angimude
2nd singular omude ongemude umude awumude
1st plural esibade esingebade sibade asibade
2nd plural enibade eningebade nibade anibade
Class 1 omude ongemude mude akamude
Class 2 abade abangebade bade ababade
Class 3 omude ongemude mude awumude
Class 4 emide engemide mide ayimide
Class 5 elide elingelide lide alilide
Class 6 amade angemade made awamade
Class 7 eside esingeside side asiside
Class 8 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 9 ende engende, engeyinde inde, yinde ayiyinde
Class 10 ezinde ezingezinde zinde azizinde
Class 11 olude olungelude lude alulude
Class 14 obude obungebude bude abubude
Class 15 okude okungekude kude akukude
Class 17 okude okungekude kude akukude

Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

-de

  1. (auxiliary) always [+participial]

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References[edit]

ǃKung[edit]

Noun[edit]

de

  1. woman

Synonyms[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=de&oldid=73207314"