ni-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ni"

Aromanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Slavic ne-. Compare Romanian ne-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. un-; de- (used to negate)

Derived terms[edit]

Aromanian terms prefixed with ni-

Cebuano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From ning-, itself from ming-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni- (infinitive & future mo-, mu-)

  1. alternative form of ming-
    Nikaon ko.
    I ate.

Usage notes[edit]

  • The forms ming- and mi- are only ever used in formal contexts, ning- and ni- are more common in daily conversation.

See also[edit]

Cebuano terms prefixed with ni-

Classical Nahuatl[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • n- (before vowels)

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person singular: I.

Garo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. look at

Derived terms[edit]

Kamba[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. I (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

Mohawk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Iroquoian *ijiː.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. pronominal prefix for
    They both (m) ____

Alternative forms[edit]

- Initial consonant
Environment t/s/h/k n/r/w/’ a e/en o/on i y
Word-Initial ni- ni- i- n- n- n- ni-

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. partitive prefix

References[edit]

  • Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
  • Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 147, 172

Navajo[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. your, you

See also[edit]

Navajo possessive pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person shi- nihi- danihi-
2nd person ni- nihi- danihi-
3rd person bi-
4th person (3o) yi-
4th person (3a) ha-, hw-
Indefinite person (3i) a-

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Same as the word nid, from Old Norse níð.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. uninterrupted, intensely
  2. very, a lot

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål terms prefixed with ni-

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Doublet of nid. From Old Norse níð, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. Used as an intensifier, especially in verbs

Derived terms[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk terms prefixed with ni-

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Ojibwe[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. A prefix denoting the first person

Usage notes[edit]

ni- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with the consonants p, t, k, h, ch, m, n, s, sh, w, and y. In animate intransitive verbs (vai) and transitive inanimate verbs (vti) conjugations, ni- or one of its alternative forms can act as part of a pair of affixes, with the affix -min (or a variant) to form the first person plural exclusive . In transitive animate verbs (vta) - that is verbs where the subject and the object are both animate - ni- can indicate that either the subject or the object is first-person (singular or plural), according to the rules of topicality hierarchy.

Alternative forms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with... 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Consonants p t k h ch m n s sh w y ni- gi- o-
d g ' j z zh nin-
b nim-
Vowels o nindo- gido- odo-
a aa e i nind- gid- od-
oo n- g-
ii w-

Preverb[edit]

ni-

  1. Alternative spelling of ani-

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From earlier *niwi-, before a regular sound change in which non-word-initial *w was lost before fully unstressed *i. The same sound change occurred to ǣ (“law”) ← *ǣi ← *āwi, sǣ (“sea”) ← *sǣi ← *sāwi, and glī (“joy”) ← *gliwi. It must have also occurred to nīewe (“new”) in the nominative singular, producing *nī ← *niwi, but its *w was restored by analogy with its inflected forms, which had a following *j instead of *i.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

nī-

  1. new-, newly

Derived terms[edit]

Old English terms prefixed with ni-

Pipil[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. (personal) I, first-person singular subject marker.
    Niaw nimumachtia Nawat
    I'm going to learn Nawat

See also[edit]

Pipil verb subject markers
singular plural
1st person ni- ti-
2nd person ti- (shi-) an- (shi-)
3rd person - -
  • naja (personal pronoun)
  • nech- (object marker)

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni- (Cyrillic spelling ни-)

  1. Prefix prepended to pronouns to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“no, not”).
    igdje ili nigdje. ― anywhere or nowhere
    itko ili nitko. ― anyone or no one
    ikad ili nikad. ― anytime or never
  2. Prefix prepended to copula verb biti in present tense to denote a negative meaning, synonymous with ne- (“not”).
    Bio sam tu ali nisam bio tamo. ― I was here but I was not there.

Derived terms[edit]

Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with ni-

Swahili[edit]

Other scripts
Ajami نِـ

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. I, 1st person singular subject concord
    Antonym: si-
    ninakupenda ― I like you
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 6:
      نِيَضِهِرِشِ يَغُ مَقَالِ ، اَبَيُ مُيُوْنِ نِقُصُدِيِ
      Niyaḍihirishe yangu maqali, ambayo moyoni niquṣudiye.
      Let me set forth the plan which I have in my heart.
  2. verb-initial form of -ni- (“me, 1st person singular object concord”)

See also[edit]

Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
Number Person Independent Subject concord Object concord Combined forms Possessive
affirmative negative na ndi- si-
Singular First mimi ni- si- -ni- nami, na mimi ndimi, ndiye simi, siye -angu
Second wewe u- hu- -ku- nawe, na wewe ndiwe, ndiye siwe, siye -ako
Third yeye a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- naye, na yeye ndiye siye -ake
Plural First sisi tu- hatu- -tu- nasi, na sisi ndisi, ndio sio -etu
Second ninyi m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -wa- nanyi, na ninyi ndinyi, ndio sinyi, sio -enu
Third wao wa- hawa- -wa- nao ndio sio -ao
Reflexive — — -ji- — —
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Swazi[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Ternate[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).

Pronoun[edit]

ni- (Jawi ني-)

  1. second-person plural clitic, you all

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ni- (Jawi ني-)

  1. second-person singular possessive pronoun, your

See also[edit]

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References[edit]

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. Nasal mutation of di-.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
di- ddi- ni- unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Makian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cognate with Ternate ni-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ni-

  1. second-person singular possessive prefix, your

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

ni-

  1. alternative form of na- (“our (inclusive)”) when preceded by a root-initial i

See also[edit]

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[2], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Ye'kwana[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. Allomorph of n- (third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant.

Inflection[edit]

Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun noun possessor/
series II verb argument 		postposition object series I verb argument
transitive patient intransitive patient-like intransitive agent-like transitive agent
first person ewü y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive küwü k-, kü-, ku-, ki- k-, kii-, ki-1
second person amödö ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive nña y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 chö- ∅- n-, ni-
third person tüwü n-, ni-
distant past third person — kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive — t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- —
reciprocal — — öö-
  1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
series I verb argument:
transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person see person X in the chart above

Zulu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-, via an intermediate form *mɪ̀-.

Prefix[edit]

ni-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-, via an intermediate form *mɪ́-.

Prefix[edit]

ní-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

References[edit]

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