na-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Azerbaijani[edit]

Other scripts
Cyrillic на-
Abjad ناـ

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA(key): [nɑ]

Prefix[edit]

na- (rarely productive)

  1. un-, non-, in-
    Synonym: qeyri-
    ‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)
  2. -less
    Synonym: -siz
    ‎na- + ‎ümid (“hope”) → ‎naümid (“hopeless”)

Derived terms[edit]

Azerbaijani terms prefixed with na-

Big Nambas[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Oceanic *na

Article[edit]

na-

  1. The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.

Derived terms[edit]

Big Nambas terms prefixed with na-

References[edit]

Chichewa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

ná-

  1. Prefixed to a traditional Chewa clan name to denote a woman belonging to that clan.

Curripaco[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. third person plural agent marker

References[edit]

  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From na.

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. a prefix, often used where English would use a phrasal verb with on
  2. (as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean a lot
    ‎na- + ‎představovat se (“present onself”) → ‎napředstavovat se (“present oneself many times”)

Derived terms[edit]

Czech terms prefixed with na-

Further reading[edit]

  • na- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Derived from the preposition na

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. after

Antonyms[edit]

voor-

Derived terms[edit]

Dutch terms prefixed with na-

Gunwinggu[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. male prefix added onto human words.

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)

Ilocano[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na- (Kur-itan spelling ᜈ)

  1. forms adjectives indicating a quality
    ‎na- + ‎dalus (“cleanliness”) → ‎nadalus (“clean”)

Derived terms[edit]

Ilocano terms prefixed with na-

Kambera[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na-

  1. third person singular nominative proclitic

See also[edit]

Kambera pronominal clitics
Nominative Genitive Accusative Dative
1sg ku- -nggu -ka -ngga
2sg mu- (u-) -mu -kau -nggau
3sg na- -na -ya -nya
1pl.incl ta- -nda -ta -nda
1pl.excl ma- -ma -kama -nggama
2pl mi- (i-) -mi -kami (-kai) -nggami (-nggai)
3pl da- -da -ha -nja

Makasar[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na- (nominative proclitic, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

  1. he, she, it, they (third person singular and plural)

See also[edit]

Makasar free and bound pronouns
Independent Absolutive Nominative Possessive
1st sg / 1st pl excl nakke -a' ku- -ku
1st pl excl (archaic) kambe -kang ki- -mang
1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite katte -ki' ki- -ta
2nd sg / pl familiar kau -ko nu- -nu
3rd sg / pl ia -i na- -na

Mwotlap[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Torres-Banks *na, from Proto-Oceanic *na (“noun article”)

Article[edit]

na-

  1. a, the (singular article for common nouns)

Morphophonology[edit]

  • When followed by a noun starting with a vowel, the vowel of na- is elided:
na- +‎ ēm̄ → nēm̄ (“house”)
  • When followed by a noun starting with a single consonant, na- normally changes its vowel to a clone of the vowel in the next syllable:
na- +‎ bē → nēbē (“water”)
na- +‎ vinhe → nivinhe (“bamboo”)
  • When followed by a noun starting with two underlying consonants, na- normally remains unchanged:
na- +‎ l(ō)qōvēn → nalqōvēn (“woman”)

Semantics[edit]

nalqōvēn (“a woman”)
— opp. yoge lōqōvēn (“two women”), tēlge lōqōvēn (“three women”), ige lōqōvēn (“women”).
  • For [-human] referents, the number value of the article is unspecified.
nēbē (“water”)
nēm̄ (“a house, houses; the house, the houses”)

References[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /na(ː)/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /na/, /nɒ/

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. added to verbs to make them perfective
    ‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
  2. added to verbs to mean onto
    ‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
  3. added to verbs to with various meanings
    ‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

Derived terms[edit]

Old Polish terms prefixed with na-

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish na-. Doublet of ana-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. added to verbs to make them perfective
    ‎na- + ‎pisać → ‎napisać
  2. added to verbs to mean onto
    ‎na- + ‎łożyć → ‎nałożyć
  3. added to verbs to with various meanings
    ‎na- + ‎mówić → ‎namówić

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms prefixed with na-

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na-. Prefixed form of the preposition na.

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
    1. (no change in meaning)
      ‎na- + ‎pisáti (“to write”) → ‎napisáti (“to write”)
    2. onto, into
      ‎na- + ‎líti (“to pour”) → ‎nalíti (“to pour in”)
    3. a little, to begin to
      ‎na- + ‎krivīti (“to bend”) → ‎nakrivīti (“to bend a little”)
      ‎na- + ‎gníti (“to rot”) → ‎nagníti (“to begin to rot”)
    4. enough of, a sufficient amount of
      ‎na- + ‎cepīti (“to chop”) → ‎nacepīti (“to chop enough of”)
    5. (reflexive) excessively, thoroughly
      ‎na- + ‎píti (“to drink”) → ‎napíti (“to drink one's fill, get drunk”)

Derived terms[edit]

Slovene terms prefixed with na-

Swahili[edit]

Prefix[edit]

na-

  1. Contraction of ni- + -a-.
  2. Contraction of ni- + -na-.
    Synonym: nina-

Tagalog[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /na/, [nɐ] (complete aspect prefix)

  • IPA(key): /ˈna/, [ˈna] (progressive aspect prefix)

Prefix[edit]

na- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

  1. used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-

Prefix[edit]

ná- (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

  1. (dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-

Usage notes[edit]

  • The dialectal prefix, when written, is generally a source of confusion and mockery for the majority of Tagalog speakers, but the two actually differ by pronunciation. The na-, where it indicates a perfective aspect, is pronounced without stress, while the na- prefix, where it indicates a progressive aspect in some dialects, is pronounced with stress.
    Nakain siya ng isda.
    He/She was happened to be eaten by the fish.
    Nákain siya ng isda.
    He/She is eating fish.

Derived terms[edit]

Tagalog terms prefixed with na-

Ternate[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na-

  1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
    Synonym: nga-
  2. second-person plural possessive prefix, your
    Synonym: nia-
  3. (human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their
    Synonym: nga-

See also[edit]

Ternate personal pronouns
independent subject proclitic possessive
Informal Formal
1st person singular ngori fangarem, fajaruf to ri
2nd person singular ngana ngoni, jou ngoni no ni
3rd person singular unam, minaf om, mof, inh im, mif, manh
1st person plural inclusive ngone fo na, nga
1st person plural exclusive ngomi fangare ngomim, fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 mi mi, mia
2nd person plural ngoni ni na, nia
3rd person plural anah, enanh ih, nh, yoh, †, yanh, † nah, ngah, manh
  • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
  • m - masculine, f - feminine, h - human, nh - non-human
  • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
  • † - archaic

References[edit]

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ناـ (nâ-), from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

Prefix[edit]

na- (rarely productive)

  1. un-, non-, in-
    Synonym: gayri-
    ‎na- + ‎tamam (“complete”) → ‎natamam (“incomplete”)
  2. -less
    Synonym: -siz
    ‎na- + ‎ümit (“hope”) → ‎naümit (“hopeless”)

Derived terms[edit]

Turkish terms prefixed with na-

West Makian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cognate with Ternate na- (“our”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na-

  1. first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our
Usage notes[edit]

The possessive prefix na- is subject to West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, or no-.

Alternative forms[edit]

See also[edit]

West Makian personal pronouns
independent possessive prefix
1st person singular de ti
2nd person singular ni ni
3rd person singular me mVan., dVinan.
1st person plural inclusive ene nV
1st person plural exclusive imi mi
2nd person plural ini fi
3rd person plural eme di

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na-

  1. second-person singular clitic, you
    noco ― you see
Usage notes[edit]

The prefix na- follows West Makian vowel harmony, and as such may surface as ne-, ni-, no-, or nu-.

Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[1], Pacific linguistics

Xhosa[edit]

Preposition[edit]

na-

  1. with, in company of
  2. (with subject concord) to have

Conjunction[edit]

na-

  1. and (joining individual words)

Zulu[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

na-

  1. with, in company of
  2. (with subject concord) to have

Usage notes[edit]

The meaning "have" can be analysed more literally as "to be with". In the negative, a- is prefixed to the subject concord, and the initial vowel of the noun prefix is dropped:

  • Nginekati. ― I have a cat.
  • Anginakati. ― I don't have a cat.

Conjunction[edit]

na-

  1. and (joining individual words)
    Synonym: futhi
  2. also, too
    Synonym: futhi
  3. even (implying an extreme example)

References[edit]

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