-an

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "an"

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • -ian (euphonic variant, also spelled -aean or -æan)
  • -n (when added to a word ending in a)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English -an, regularly -ain, -ein, -en, from Old French -ain, -ein, or before i, -en (modern French -ain, -en, feminine -aine, -enne), from Latin -ānus (feminine -āna), which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun, being -nus [cognate with Ancient Greek -νος (-nos)] preceded by a vowel, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós. Cognate with English -en. Compare with -in, -ine.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Of or pertaining to; an adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. (Often added to words of Latin origin, but also used with words of other origins. When a word ends in a, -n is used instead.)
    Synonyms: -al, -ar, -ese, -esque, -ic, -id, -ish, -like, -oid, -ous, -y
    ‎Rome + ‎-an → ‎Roman
  2. Appended to nouns to form an agent noun. (When males with a profession are distinguished from females, males are -an, females -(i)enne.)
    ‎comedy + ‎-an → ‎comedian
    ‎history + ‎-an → ‎historian

Derived terms[edit]

English terms suffixed with -an

Translations[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Azerbaijani[edit]

Suffix[edit]

preceding vowel
A / I / O / U E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -an -ən
postvocalic -yan -yən

-an

  1. Postconsonantal form of -ən after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Bikol Central[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. a place where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found
    ‎basura (“trash”) + ‎-an → ‎basurahan (“trash can”)
  2. a place where the action expressed by the root is performed
    ‎kawat (“play”) + ‎-an → ‎kawatan (“playground”)

Chuukese[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (added to possessive nouns) his, hers, its

Related terms[edit]

Chuukese possessive determiners
Small objects, concepts Large objects, living things Suffix
Singular First person ai nei -ei
Second person omw, om noum -om
Third person an noun -an
Plural First person äm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)		 nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)		 -em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
Second person ämi, ami noumi -emi
Third person ar nour -er

Cimbrian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German -en, a merger of various terminations in Old High German reflecting different conjugational patterns, namely -an, -ōn, -en (-ien), and -nen, from Proto-Germanic *-aną, *-ōną, *-janą, *-āną, and *-naną. Cognate with German -en.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. A suffix of all verbs in their infinitive form.

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech -ěnín, from Proto-Slavic *-janinъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an m anim (noun-forming suffix, feminine -anka)

  1. forms nouns, including inhabitant names

Derived terms[edit]

Czech terms suffixed with -an

Further reading[edit]

  • -an in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Esperanto[edit]

Suffix[edit]

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-an

  1. Obsolete form of -am.

See also[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From earlier -han, -hVn (now dialectal), from Proto-Finnic *-hën, *-sën (passive or reflexive suffix), the same as the third-person singular possessive suffix (see the possessive suffix entry on -Vn). Initial -ta- is from the passive marker *-tta-.

Suffix[edit]

-an (front vowel harmony variant -än, linguistic notation -An)

  1. (personal) Forms the impersonal indicative present forms of verbs, appended to the first infinitive.
Usage notes[edit]

Attached to the passive verb stem.

Etymology 2[edit]

See -Vn (illative suffix).

Suffix[edit]

-an (front vowel harmony variant -än, linguistic notation -An)

  1. (case suffix) A suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.
    ‎laiva + ‎-an → ‎laivaan

Etymology 3[edit]

See -Vn (possessive suffix).

Suffix[edit]

-an (front vowel harmony variant -än, linguistic notation -An)

  1. (possessive) A variant for the third-person suffix -nsa.
Usage notes[edit]

See the usage notes under -Vn and -nsa.

Anagrams[edit]

Fula[edit]

Affix[edit]

-an

  1. (Pulaar) indicates that the subject is doing the verb for someone or something
    ‎defde (“to cook”) + ‎-an → ‎defande (“to cook for someone”)

References[edit]

  • M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-an

  2. (deadjectival adverb suffix) Added to an adjective to create an adverb.
    ‎pontos (“accurate”) + ‎-an → ‎pontosan (“accurately”)
  4. (denumeral and depronominal adverb suffix) Added to a numeral or a pronoun with this sense to create an adverb, expressing the number of people.
    hat (“six”) → hatan (“six people, six of us/you/them”)
    Hatan mentünk moziba. ― Six of us went to the cinema.
    nyolc (“eight”) → nyolcan (“eight people, eight of us/you/them”)
    Nyolcan vannak a szobában. ― There are eight people in the room.
    hány (“how many”) → hányan (“how many (of us/you/them)”)
    néhány (“some, a few”) → néhányan (“some (of us/you/them)”)
    sok (“many”) → sokan (“many (of us/you/them)”)
    Sokan vannak a meghívottak, de kevesen a választottak. ― For many are called, but few are chosen.
    millió (“million”) → millióan (“a million (of us/you/them)”)
Usage notes[edit]
  • (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. könnyű) or supplemented with a consonant (e.g. bő, hű).
  • (denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -n is added to some (very few) words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -an is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. kettő).
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -an

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-an

  2. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action.
    kattan (“to click, to make one clicking sound”)
    robban (“to explode”)
Usage notes[edit]
  • Harmonic variants:
    -on is added to some back-vowel words
    -an is added to back-vowel words
    -en is added to front-vowel words
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -an

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Indonesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Malay -an, from Classical Malay -ان‎ (an), from Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Added to a noun
    1. Suffix for collectivity
      ‎laut (“sea”) + ‎-an → ‎lautan (“ocean”)
    2. Suffix for place
      ‎pangkal (“origin”) + ‎-an → ‎pangkalan (“base”)
    3. Suffix for value
      ‎ribu (“thousand”) + ‎-an → ‎ribuan
    4. Suffix for measurement result; -s
      ‎kilo (“kilo”) + ‎-an → ‎kiloan
    5. (colloquial) -s; Suffix for quantity (about value)
      ‎ratus (“hundred”) + ‎-an → ‎ratusan (“hundreds”)
    6. -ly, specifying time intervals, having the sense of "occurring at such intervals".
      ‎hari (“day”) + ‎-an → ‎harian (“daily”)
  2. Added to an verb to create an noun
    1. Suffix for object
      ‎makan (“to eat”) + ‎-an → ‎makanan (“food”)
    2. Suffix for place
      ‎kubur (“to bury”) + ‎-an → ‎kuburan (“grave”)
    3. Suffix for result
      ‎didik (“to educate”) + ‎-an → ‎didikan
    4. Suffix for tool
      ‎timbang (“to weigh”) + ‎-an → ‎timbangan (“balance”)
    5. Suffix for way or method
      ‎pimpin (“to lead”) + ‎-an → ‎pimpinan (“leader”)
  3. Added to an adjective to create an noun
    1. Suffix for having property
      ‎asin (“salty”) + ‎-an → ‎asinan (“pickle”)
    2. (colloquial) Suffix for intensity (quality or quantity)
      ‎tinggi (“high”) + ‎-an → ‎tinggian (“higher”)
  4. Suffix for similarity

Etymology 2[edit]

Semantic loan from Javanese -ꦲꦤ꧀ (-an).

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. verb-forming
    1. (colloquial) to use of [base]
      ‎sepeda (“bicycle”) + ‎-an → ‎sepedaan (“to ride a bicycle”)
    2. (colloquial) to hold or to have [base]
      ‎selamat (“safe”) + ‎-an → ‎selamatan (“to celebrate with offerings to the spirits to assure the safety”)
      ‎rujak (“a kind of salad”) + ‎-an → ‎rujakan (“to have rujak to be eaten or made”)
    3. (colloquial) to do as indicated by the [base]
      ‎sendiri (“alone”) + ‎-an → ‎sendirian (“by oneself”)
  2. noun-forming
    1. (colloquial) the location of [base]
      ‎sekolah (“school”) + ‎-an → ‎sekolahan (“school complex”)
    2. (colloquial) the cost of [base]
      ‎becak (“rickshaw”) + ‎-an → ‎becakan (“rickshaw fare”)
    3. (colloquial) [base]-usage
      ‎sepeda (“bicycle”) + ‎-an → ‎sepedaan (“bicycle-riding”)
    4. (colloquial) event of [base]
      ‎selamat (“safe”) + ‎-an → ‎selamatan (“celebration with offerings to the spirits to assure the safety”)
      ‎rujak (“a kind of salad”) + ‎-an → ‎rujakan (“rujak eating or production”)
      ‎susu (“milk”) + ‎-an → ‎susuan (“breast-feeding period”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Semantic loan from Javanese -ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ (-en).

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (colloquial) suffering of [base]
    ‎koreng (“ulcer”) + ‎-an → ‎korengan (“serious infection disease”)
    ‎uban (“grey hair”) + ‎-an → ‎ubanan (“grey haired condition”)

Derived terms[edit]

Indonesian terms suffixed with -an

References[edit]

  • Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017) Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language]‎[1] (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN
  • James N. Sneddon (2010) Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC

Malay[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayic *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an (Jawi spelling -ان)

  1. Suffix for collectivity
  2. Suffix for similarity
  3. Suffix for object
  4. Suffix for place
  5. Suffix for instrument
    ‎bangun (“to wake up, to get up”) + ‎-an → ‎bangunan (“building”)

Manx[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish -án, from Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ (-agni).

Suffix[edit]

-an m

  1. Alternative form of -ane

Derived terms[edit]

Manx terms suffixed with -an

Ojibwe[edit]

Final[edit]

-an

  1. be in a state or condition

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. A suffix denoting the plural of an inanimate noun
  2. A suffix denoting the obviative form of an animate noun
  3. A suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative of a transitive inanimate verb (vti)

Usage notes[edit]

As the suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative form, -an also acts as the class marker for unmarked (-am theme) transitive inanimate verbs (vti).

See also[edit]

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *-aną.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of most verbs (exceptions are verbs like flēon (“to flee”))
    singan ― to sing
    niman ― to take

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.

Alternative forms[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Forms adverbs with ablative direction.
    ēastan ― from the east
    westan ― from the west

Old Galician-Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin -ant.

Suffix[edit]

-an (1st conj.)

  1. a suffix indicating the third-person plural indicative present of a verb in -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-an → ‎aman (“[They] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-an → ‎cantan (“[They] sing”)

Descendants[edit]

  • Galician: -an
  • Portuguese: -am

Old Norse[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *-ōniz.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (deverbative suffix) Used to derive nouns from class 2 weak verbs.
    ‎friða (“to pacify”) + ‎-an → ‎friðan (“pacifying”)
    ‎sanna (“to assert, prove”) + ‎-an → ‎sannan (“assertion, confirmation”)
    ‎synja (“to deny”) + ‎-an → ‎synjan (“denial”)
Derived terms[edit]
Old Norse terms suffixed with -an
Old Norse terms suffixed with -un

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Norse -ᚨᚾᚨ (-ana), from Proto-Germanic *-anē.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Forms adverbs with ablative direction.
Derived terms[edit]
Old Norse terms suffixed with -an (ablative adverb)

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. strong accusative singular ending of adjectives

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *-aną.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of strong verbs (exceptions are a few verbs ending in -ian like biddian or liggian)
    drinkan (“to drink”)
    hwerƀan (“to travel”)

Phalura[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Third person plural suffix

Alternative forms[edit]

  • -íin (With e-ending verb stems)
  • -óon (With a-ending verb stems)
  • -en (Biori)
  • -éen (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
  • -áan (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)

References[edit]

  • Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /an/
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: an

Suffix[edit]

-an m

  1. (chemistry) -ate, used to form names of derivates of oxyacids whose name ends with -owy (-ic)
    ‎chlor (“chlorine”) + ‎-an → ‎chloran (“chlorate”)
  2. forms people
    ‎młody + ‎-an → ‎młodzian

Declension[edit]

Inanimate declension:

Declension of -an
singular plural
nominative -an -any
genitive -anu -anów
dative -anowi -anom
accusative -an -any
instrumental -anem -anami
locative -anie -anach
vocative -anie -any

Animate declension:

Declension of -an
singular plural
nominative -an -ani/-any (deprecative)
genitive -ana -anów
dative -anowi -anom
accusative -ana -anów
instrumental -anem -anami
locative -anie -anach
vocative -anie -ani

Derived terms[edit]

Polish terms suffixed with -an

Further reading[edit]

  • -an in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Latin -anus.

Suffix[edit]

-an m or n (feminine singular -ană, masculine plural -ani, feminine and neuter plural -ane)

  1. Forms adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country; -an
    ‎Australia (“Australia”) + ‎-an → ‎australian (“Australian”)
    ‎America (“America”) + ‎-an → ‎american (“American”)
Usage notes[edit]

For the countries that end in -ia, the plural form of the suffix is -ieni when masculine and -iene when feminine/neuter.

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-an m or n (feminine singular -ană, masculine plural -ani, feminine and neuter plural -ane)

  1. Added to nouns and adjectives as an augmentative suffix.
    ‎gras (“fat”) + ‎-an → ‎grăsan (“fatso”)
  2. Forms names of male animals.
    ‎gâscă (“goose”) + ‎-an → ‎gâscan (“gander”)
Declension[edit]
Declension of -an
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite -an -ană -ani -ane
definite -anul -ana -anii -anele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite -an -ane -ani -ane
definite -anului -anei -anilor -anelor
Derived terms[edit]
Romanian terms suffixed with -an

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish -án, from Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ (-agni).

Pronunciation[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

The non-schwa clear vowel /a/ distinguishes this from the homograph plural suffix -an which is pronounced /ən/ i.e. with a schwa.

Suffix[edit]

-an m

  1. A masculine suffix used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something, often used for male given names.
    Cailean, Eòghan, Ailean, Beathan
    clàran, clachan, bioran

Etymology 2[edit]

Cognate to Irish -anna, Manx -yn.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an pl

  1. Used to form regular plurals of nouns.
    ‎clach (“stone”) + ‎-an → ‎clachan
    ‎damh (“ox, stag”) + ‎-an → ‎damhan
    ‎leannan (“lover, sweetheart”) + ‎-an → ‎leannanan
Derived terms[edit]
Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -an

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix[edit]

-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a (often negative) feature or endearment.

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Suffix[edit]

-an (Cyrillic spelling -ан)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create an adjective.
    ‎jad(iti) + ‎-an → ‎jadan (“miserable”)
Derived terms[edit]
Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -an

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin -ant, the third-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present indicative of -ar verbs.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Latin -eant, Latin -ant, and Latin -iant, the third-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs.
  2. Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -er and -ir verbs.
See also[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse -an.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  2. making a noun from a verb, similar to -ing and -ning, having -ningar as the plural.
    ‎predika (“to preach”) + ‎-an → ‎predikan (“a sermon”)
  3. -an; making a noun, describing a person by belief or nationality
    ‎Tibet + ‎-an → ‎tibetan
    ‎Luther + ‎-an → ‎lutheran
    vegetarian

Derived terms[edit]

Swedish terms suffixed with -an (verbal noun)
Swedish terms suffixed with -an

Anagrams[edit]

Tagalog[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an (Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

  1. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing
    Buksan mo ang pinto. ― (You) open the door (door is focused).)
  2. object trigger: to cause something to become; to make
    Binagalan ni Sue ang kotse. ― Sue slowed down the car. (The car is focused.)
  3. directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
    Tinitingnan ko ang manwal. ― I'm looking at the manual. (The manual is focused).)
  4. benefactive trigger: to do something for
    Titirhan ko si Roy ng keyk. ― I'll leave some cake for Roy. (Roy is focused).)
  5. object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
    Winawalis-walisan; ko ang sahig. ― I'm sweeping the floor a bit. (The floor is focused).)
  6. directional trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
    Tinutulung-tulungan ni Jessy si Patty. ― Jessy helped Patty a bit. (Patty is focused).)
  7. object trigger: to perform the action of the verb on something
    Huwag mong sulatan ang dokumento. ― Don't write anything on the document.

Suffix[edit]

-an (Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

  1. Forms locative nouns expressing where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found
    ‎aklat (“book”) + ‎-an → ‎aklatan (“library”)
    ‎basura (“trash”) + ‎-an → ‎basurahan (“trash can”)
  2. Forms locative nouns where the action expressed by the root is performed
    ‎kain (“eat”) + ‎-an → ‎kainan (“place where people eat e.g. restaurant, café,...”)
  3. Forms nouns expressing period in which the action expressed by the root is collectively performed
    ‎ani (“harvest”) + ‎-an → ‎anihan (“harvest time”)
    ‎pasok (“entry, class, work”) + ‎-an → ‎pasukan (“school time, school year”)
  4. Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root
    ‎oras (“time”) + ‎-an → ‎orasan (“clock, watch”)
    ‎timbang (“weight”) + ‎-an → ‎timbangan (“weighing scale”)
  5. Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root
    ‎sayaw (“dance”) + ‎-an → ‎sayawan (“dancing together”)
    ‎kanta (“sing”) + ‎-an → ‎kantahan (“singing together”)
  6. Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something (used with reduplication of root word)
    ‎bahay (“house”) + ‎-an → ‎bahay-bahayan (“toy house”)
    ‎Diyos (“God”) + ‎-an → ‎diyos-diyosan (“false god”)
    ‎baril (“gun”) + ‎-an → ‎baril-barilan (“toy gun”)

Suffix[edit]

-an (Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

  1. (appended to numbers) Used to indicate groups.
    ‎tatlo (“three”) + ‎-an → ‎tatluhan (“in threes, three at a time”)
    ‎dalawampu (“twenty”) + ‎-an → ‎dalawampuan (“in groups of twenty, twenty at a time”)

Usage notes[edit]

  • Normally, /h/ is inserted before -an when a root word ending with a vowel is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
    ‎ganti + ‎-an → ‎gantihan
    ‎talo + ‎-an → ‎talunan
  • Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
    ‎sunod + ‎-an → ‎sundan
    ‎takip + ‎-an → ‎takpan
  • Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -an.
    ‎buklod + ‎-an → ‎bukluran
    ‎bakod + ‎-an → ‎bakuran
    ‎bayad + ‎-an → ‎bayaran

Derived terms[edit]

Tagalog terms suffixed with -an

Related terms[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish ـان‎ (-an), from Old Anatolian Turkish [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *-gan.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Creates non-past participles.
    ‎oturmak (“to sit”) + ‎-an → ‎oturan (“(someone) who sits”)
    ‎kırılmak (“to be broken”) + ‎-an → ‎kırılan (“(something) that gets broken”)

Volapük[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. Used to indicate someone who is or does something

Derived terms[edit]

Volapük terms suffixed with -an

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *-agnos.

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. diminutive suffix, -let
    ‎bwyell (“axe”) + ‎-an → ‎bwyellan (“small axe, hatchet”)
    ‎gwraig (“woman, wife”) + ‎-an → ‎gwreigan (“little woman, little wife”)
    ‎barf (“beard”) + ‎-an → ‎barfan (“little beard, goatee, whiskers”)
  2. person or object with characteristics of the root word
    ‎mud (“mute”) + ‎-an → ‎mudan (“mute person”)
    ‎llai (“grey”) + ‎-an → ‎lleian (“nun”)
    ‎crwm (“crooked, curved”) + ‎-an → ‎cryman (“sickle, pruning hook”)
  3. used to form pet names
    ‎Gwen + ‎-an → ‎Gwennan
    ‎Dai + ‎-an → ‎Deian
    ‎Elisabeth + ‎-an → ‎Bethan

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. verbnoun suffix

Etymology 3[edit]

Suffix[edit]

-an

  1. (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person future plural
Derived terms[edit]
Welsh terms suffixed with -an

References[edit]

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-an”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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