Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gān

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-gān	*-gēn

Suffix

*-gān

1. Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*sebgēn (“One who loves”)

   ‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*tabïĺgān (“One who jumps (i.e., a hare)”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)
    • Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)
• Proto-Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: -an, -ən
    • Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)
      • Turkish: -an, -en
      • Gagauz: -an, -en
  • Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän
  • Salar: -ğan, -gen
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
      • Uzbek: -gan
      • Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: -қан (-qan), -кен (-ken), -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
    • Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (ǧn¹), 𐰏𐰤 (gn²)
  • Old Uyghur: -𐽲𐽰𐽺 (-qʾn), -𐽷𐽰𐽺 (-kʾn)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gān

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tabïĺgān

Suffix

*-gān

1. (very rare, Karluk only) Forms denominal nouns

   ‎*arpa (“barley”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*arpagan (“wild barley, barley cultivate that does not produce seeds”)

   ‎*temür (“iron”) + ‎*-gān → ‎*temürgen (“arrow-head”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “-ğa:n/-ge:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xliv
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “-ğa:n/-ge:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xlviii
• Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 85
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük