-n
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Alternative form of -an, adjective or noun suffix meaning "of or pertaining to", used with words which already end in a.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle English -n, -en, from Old English -n, -en and Old Norse -inn, both from Proto-Germanic *-anaz, *-inaz, past participle ending of strong verbs. Cognate with Dutch -en, German -en, Swedish -en, Icelandic -inn.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Alternative form of -en (past participle ending)
Azerbaijani[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
preceding vowel | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
postvocalic | -n |
-n
- Postvocalic form of -il.
Derived terms[edit]
See -il.
Chuukese[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Alternative form of -en
Emilian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
-n (adverbial)
- (enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of in
- Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)
Esperanto[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Ancient Greek -ν (-n) (masculine and feminine accusative ending) and/or German -en (masculine accusative ending).
Suffix[edit]
-n
- accusative ending
- ending indicating destination: In the direction of, and arriving at
Finnish[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-n (“genitive suffix”).
Suffix[edit]
-n
Usage notes[edit]
- When possessive suffixes are used, the genitive doesn't have its suffix -n. The possessive suffixes are appended to a vowel stem instead, thus rendering the nominative and genitive singular identical.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-m (“accusative suffix”).
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Used to form the accusative case.
- Näin tytön.
- I saw a/the girl.
- Tapasin poikani eilen.
- I met my son yesterday.
Usage notes[edit]
- The genitive singular and accusative singular look coincidentally identical in Finnish. The object of a transitive verb may look also like the nominative but it's still called the accusative in traditional grammars. There's also the partial object, which uses the partitive case. For the accusative forms of personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken, see -t.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic *-n.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Used to form the instructive case, usually only in the plural.
- Pääsin ojan yli kuivin jaloin "I could cross the ditch with dry feet."
Usage notes[edit]
- The only occasion where this suffix is used with a possessive suffix — without being to be translated — is the idiom käydä päinsä "to be acceptable" (the plural stem päi- of the noun pää and the suffix -nsä).
Etymology 4[edit]
From Proto-Finnic *-n, from Proto-Uralic first-person singular suffix *-mV, probably connected with the first person pronoun *mV; see minä.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- (personal) the first-person singular suffix for verbs
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Wikipedia article on Finnish grammar
Garo[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- emphasis marker
- Uan re·angaha
- He did go away
- Napbabo, da·on!
- Come in, right now!
German[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Alternative form of -en
Usage notes[edit]
- Used after -er, -el except in adjectives, where it is uncommon. Also used after vowels and vowel + -r, -l, but chiefly restricted to dated, poetic, or colloquial usage (except in Herrn, sein, tun).
- The use after reduced -e (as in Name → Namen) is more often interpreted in such a way that -e is deleted before the suffix -en, but it may just as well be interpreted as -e + -n.
Hungarian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix[edit]
-n
- (case suffix) on. Used to form the superessive case.
Usage notes[edit]
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
See also[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix[edit]
-n
- (deadjectival adverb suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
- (denumeral and depronominal adverb suffix) Added to a numeral to form an adverb.
- mindnyája (“all of us/you/them”, obsolete) → mindnyájan (“all of us/you/them”, as an adverb, compare “in full”)
Usage notes[edit]
- (deadjectival adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. könnyű) or supplemented with a consonant (e.g. bő, hű).
- (denumeral and depronominal adverb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -n is added to some (very few) words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -an is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Their original word-final vowel may be lost (e.g. kettő).
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Ido[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Esperanto -n, from German -en, Ancient Greek -ν (-n).
Suffix[edit]
-n
- suffix forming accusative
Usage notes[edit]
The accusative ending in Ido is only required if the speaker breaks the subject–object word order in Ido, one can not use the accusative ending if the word order is followed. E.g.
- La hundo chasas la skurelo. ― The dog chases the squirrel.
- La skurelon chasas la hundo. ― The dog chases the squirrel.
Japanese[edit]
Romanization[edit]
-n
Northern Sami[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Samic *-mē, from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.
Suffix[edit]
-n (with odd-syllable stems -eapmi)
- Forms verbal nouns from verbs.
Usage notes[edit]
This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection[edit]
Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -n | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -ma | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -n | -mat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -ma | -miid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -ma | -miid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -mii | -miidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -mis | -miin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -miin | -miiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -min | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Samic *-një.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Forms instrument nouns from verbs.
Usage notes[edit]
This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection[edit]
Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -n | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -na | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -n | -nat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -na | -niid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -na | -niid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -nii | -niidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -nis | -niin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -niin | -niiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -nin | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Samic *-nē, from Proto-Uralic *-na. Cognate with Finnish -na.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- The ending of the essive case.
Usage notes[edit]
This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Etymology 4[edit]
From Proto-Samic *-më. Cognate with the first element of the Finnish fourth infinitive -mi-nen ~ -mi-se-.
Suffix[edit]
-n
- The ending of the past participle.
Usage notes[edit]
This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Ojibwe[edit]
Final[edit]
-n
- nominalizer
See also[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- atoobaan (“large container for liquid”)
References[edit]
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/n-final
Suffix[edit]
-n
- A suffix denoting the plural of an inanimate noun
- A suffix denoting the obviative of an animate noun
- A suffix denoting the second-person singular imperative of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
- A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
- A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
- A suffix denoting the second-person singular to singular or plural object imperative of a Type 3 transitive inanimate verb (vti3)
- A suffix denoting the first, second or third-person singular to singular object form of a Type 4 transitive inanimate verb (vti4)
- A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with an -aw or Cw ending
See also[edit]
Pitjantjatjara[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
-n (second person singular nominative, bound form of nyuntu)
- you (singular)
Usage notes[edit]
Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.
Related terms[edit]
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
First person | ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa |
ngali (we two) Bound form: -li |
nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la |
Second person | nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n |
nyupali (you two) | nyura (you, more than two) |
Third person | paluṟu (he/she/it) | pula (they two) | tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya |
Quechua[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Indicates third-person singular possessive.
- Third-person singular subject.
- Alternative spelling of -m
See also[edit]
Somali[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Added to nouns to denote a specific or particular example
Swedish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Suffix for singular definite form of common nouns, especially those ending with a vowel or with an unstressed -el, -er or -or. See also -en
- Suffix for plural indefinite form of neuter nouns, if they end in a vowel. See also -t, -en.
- A version of the -en of the fourth conjugation past participles. This allomorph is used only before the suffix -a, which marks for plural or definiteness. The -na of these participle forms may also be seen described as one morpheme.
- Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an
Zazaki[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-n
- Suffix which creates nouns out of certain verbs, usually denoting a result of an action. See also -an
- English lemmas
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