tun

See also: tūn, tún, tǔn, tùn, and tu'n

English

Alternative forms

• tunne, tonne (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), of unknown origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also French tonne, tonneau (“ton", "barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tʌn/
• Homophones: ton, tonne
• Rhymes: -ʌn

Noun

tun (plural tuns)

1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.
2. (brewing) A fermenting vat.
3. An old English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 252 wine gallons; equal to two pipes.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, p. 205:

     Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.

4. A weight of 2,240 pounds.
5. An indefinite large quantity.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)

   • (Can we date this quote?) Dryden

     A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ.

6. (archaic, humorous or derogatory) A drunkard.
7. (zoology) Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera; called also tun-shell.
8. A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.

Verb

tun (third-person singular simple present tuns, present participle tunning, simple past and past participle tunned)

1. (transitive) To put into tuns, or casks.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Boyle to this entry?)

Anagrams

• nut

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Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin tonus. Compare Italian tuono, French ton, Catalan to, Romansch tun, tung, Romanian tun, tunet, Spanish trueno, .

Noun

tun m

1. thunderclap, thunder

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Danish

Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 1

A contraction of tunfisk, from German Thunfisch (“tuna”), from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thýnnos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Noun

tun c (singular definite tunen, plural indefinite tun)

1. tuna
2. tuna fish

Inflection

Inflection of tun

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tun	tunen	tun	tunene
genitive	tuns	tunens	tuns	tunenes

Etymology 2

From Old Norse tún, from Proto-Germanic *tūną, from Proto-Celtic *dūnom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Noun

tun n (singular definite tunet, plural indefinite tun)

1. (dated) an enclosed piece of ground

Inflection

Inflection of tun

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tun	tunet	tun	tunene
genitive	tuns	tunets	tuns	tunenes

Etymology 3

See tune.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːn/, [tˢuːˀn]

Verb

tun

1. Imperative of tune.

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German

Alternative forms

• (archaic) thun

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːn/, [tʰuːn]

• audio

  (file)

Etymology

From Middle High German tuon, from Old High German tuon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną. Akin to Low German doon, Dutch doen, English do, West Frisian dwaan; all derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, set, place”).

Further Indo-European cognates: Latin faciō, Greek τίθημι (tithēmi), Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti), Russian делать (délat’), Lithuanian dėti, Old Armenian դնեմ (dnem).

Verb

tun (irregular, third-person singular simple present tut, past tense tat, past participle getan, auxiliary haben)

1. to do (to perform or execute an action)

   Tu es! — Do it!

   Man tut, was man kann. — One does what one can.

   Er tat das, was man ihm gesagt hat. — He did as he was told.

   Das einzige, was er je tat, war arbeiten. — The only thing he ever did was work.

2. (somewhat informal) to put, to place

   Tu das hier rein. — Put it in here.

3. (somewhat informal) to fake; to feign; to pretend

   Er hat nur so getan als ob. — He just faked it.

   Tu nicht so, als wüsstest du nichts! — Don't pretend to know nothing!

4. (somewhat informal) to hurt somebody

   Der tut Ihnen nichts! — He won't attack you! (said for example about a dog)

5. (chiefly colloquial, but acceptable in writing) used with a preceding infinitive of another verb to emphasise this verb

   Er singt immer noch gern, aber tanzen tut er gar nicht mehr. – He still loves singing, but as to dancing, he doesn't do that anymore at all.

6. (colloquial, nonstandard) used with a following infinitive of another verb to stress the whole statement

   Ich tu doch zuhören! — I am listening! (as a response to the reproach that one is not)

7. (colloquial, nonstandard) used in the past subjunctive with the infinitive of another verb to form the conditional tense (instead of standard würde)

   Ich tät mir das noch mal überlegen. — I would think about that again.

Usage notes

In the sense of "to perform an action", tun is used almost exclusively with pronominal objects: ich tue es, wir tun etwas, er tut wenig, was tust du? and so forth (I do it, we do something, he does little, what do you do? etc.)

With non-pronominal objects, the synonym machen is used: ich mache Sport, wir machen ein Spiel, er macht die Wäsche (I do sport, we do a game, he does the laundry). It is usually ungrammatical to use tun in sentences like these

Conjugation

conjugation of tun

infinitive		tun
present participle		tuend
past participle		getan
auxiliary		haben
	indicative			subjunctive
present	ich tue	wir tun	i	ich tue	wir tuen
	du tust	ihr tut		du tuest	ihr tuet
	er tut	sie tun		er tue	sie tuen
preterite	ich tat	wir taten	ii	ich täte	wir täten
	du tatest	ihr tatet		du tätest	ihr tätet
	er tat	sie taten		er täte	sie täten
imperative	tu (du) tue (du)	tut (ihr)

composed forms of tun

perfect
indicative	ich habe getan	wir haben getan	subjunctive	ich habe getan	wir haben getan
	du hast getan	ihr habt getan		du habest getan	ihr habet getan
	er hat getan	sie haben getan		er habe getan	sie haben getan
pluperfect
indicative	ich hatte getan	wir hatten getan	subjunctive	ich hätte getan	wir hätten getan
	du hattest getan	ihr hattet getan		du hättest getan	ihr hättet getan
	er hatte getan	sie hatten getan		er hätte getan	sie hätten getan
future i
infinitive	tun werden		subjunctive i	ich werde tun	wir werden tun
				du werdest tun	ihr werdet tun
				er werde tun	sie werden tun
indicative	ich werde tun	wir werden tun	subjunctive ii	ich würde tun	wir würden tun
	du wirst tun	ihr werdet tun		du würdest tun	ihr würdet tun
	er wird tun	sie werden tun		er würde tun	sie würden tun
future ii
infinitive	getan haben werden		subjunctive i	ich werde getan haben	wir werden getan haben
				du werdest getan haben	ihr werdet getan haben
				er werde getan haben	sie werden getan haben
indicative	ich werde getan haben	wir werden getan haben	subjunctive ii	ich würde getan haben	wir würden getan haben
	du wirst getan haben	ihr werdet getan haben		du würdest getan haben	ihr würdet getan haben
	er wird getan haben	sie werden getan haben		er würde getan haben	sie würden getan haben

Synonyms

• (to perform, to execute): machen
• (to put, to place): setzen, legen, stellen, plazieren
• (to fake, to pretend): vortäuschen, täuschen, vorgeben
• (to hurt somebody): verletzen, wehtun

Derived terms

Derived terms

abtun antun auftun austun betun dartun dazutun geheimtun genugtun gleichtun großtun guttun harttun heimlichtun heimtun heraustun herumtun hervortun hinauftun hinaustun hineintun hintun hinüberun hinzutun

kundtun leichttun leidtun mittun nachtun nottun schöntun schwertun Tun n Tun und Handeln n übeltun übertun vertun wegtun wehtun wichtigtun wiedertun wohltun zugutetun zurücktun zusammentun zutun zuvortun

Related terms

• Tat f

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Hausa

Preposition

tun

1. since, ever since

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Inari Sami

Pronoun

tun

1. (personal) you (sg.)

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Jèrriais

Noun

tun m (plural tuns)

1. tuft

Synonyms

• toupet
• tus

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Lojban

Rafsi

tun

1. rafsi of tunta.

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Mandarin

Romanization

tun (Zhuyin ㄊㄨㄣ˙)

1. Pinyin reading of 飢
2. simplified: 饣, traditional: 飠: eat, food; radical number 184

Romanization

tou

1. Nonstandard spelling of tūn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of tún.
3. Nonstandard spelling of tǔn.
4. Nonstandard spelling of tùn.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Mapudungun

Verb

tun (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. to catch

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tunn (See Appendix:Mapudungun conjugation.)

Infinitive		tunn
Root		tun-
Tense particles (See particles)		-a- (future tense)
		-pe- (past tense)
		-fu- (distant past tense)
person	singular			dual			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third	first	second	third
Realis mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	tunn	tunymi	tuny	tunyu	tunymu	tunygu	tunyiñ	tunymvn	tunygvn
Conditional mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	tunli	tunlimi	tunle	tunliyu	tunlimu	tunle egu	tunliyiñ	tunlimvn	tunle egvn
Volitive mood	iñce	eymi	fey	iñciw	eymu	feygu	iñciñ	eymvn	feygvn
	tunci	tunge	tunpe	tunyu	tunmu	tunpe egu	tunyiñ	tunmvn	tunpe egvn

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tūną (“enclosure”). Cognate with Old Frisian tūn, Old Saxon tūn, Dutch tuin (“garden”), Old High German zūn (German Zaun (“fence”)), Old Norse tún (Swedish tun (“fence”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːn/

Noun

tūn m

1. An enclosed piece of ground, an enclosure or garden.
2. The enclosed ground belonging to an individual dwelling.
3. The group of houses on an area of enclosed land, a homestead.
4. A large inhabited place, a town.

Descendants

• English town

Related terms

• tȳnan
• dūn "dune, hill, mountain"

See also

• dōn "to place, put, set"

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Old French

Pronoun

tun m (feminine ta)

1. your (second-person singular possessive pronoun)

Synonyms

• vostre (polite form)

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin tonus. See also the doublet ton (“tone”), borrowed through French.

Noun

tun n (plural tunuri)

1. cannon
2. (archaic, popular) thunderclap

Related terms

• tuna
• tunet

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Sutsilvan) tùn
• (Surmiran) tung

Etymology

From Latin tonus.

Noun

tun m

1. sound
2. thunder

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Skolt Sami

Pronoun

tun

1. (personal) you (sg.)

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Tetum

Verb

tun

1. to descend

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Turkish

Adjective

tun (comparative dehana tun, superlative zaf tun)

1. bitter (having an acrid taste)
2. hot, spicy

Antonyms

• şirın

Noun

tun

1. pain

Derived terms

• tun tun