tu

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English

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Particle

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tu

  1. Pronunciation spelling of to, representing African-American Vernacular English.

Afar

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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 f 

  1. thing

Declension

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Declension of
absolutive
predicative
subjective
genitive
Postpositioned forms
l-case túl
k-case túk
t-case tút
h-case túh

Synonyms

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References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “tu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Ainu

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Ainu cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : tu
    Ordinal : tu ikinne

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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tu (Kana spelling トゥ)

  1. two

Albanian

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Etymology

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Unknown.

Noun

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tu

  1. may

Aromanian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin , from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (singular)
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Compare tru.

Preposition

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tu

  1. in
  2. into
Synonyms
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Asturian

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (singular)

Atong (India)

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Etymology

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From English two.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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tu (Bengali script তু)

  1. two

Synonyms

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References

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Baltic Romani

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Pronoun

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tu (second person singular, nominative case)

  1. (Litovska) you

Declension

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Bambara

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Noun

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tu

  1. forest; thicket

Verb

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tu

  1. to spit (out)

Batuley

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Indonesian tua.

Adjective

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tu

  1. old

References

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Bislama

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Bislama cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : tu

Etymology 1

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From English two.

Numeral

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tu

  1. two

Etymology 2

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From English too.

Adverb

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tu

  1. too

Borôro

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Verb

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tu

  1. to go

Breton

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Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.

Noun

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tu m

  1. side

Catalan

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Etymology

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From Old Catalan tu, from Latin .

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (singular); thou
  2. one (singular, impersonal)

Declension

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See also

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References

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  • “tu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chilcotin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

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tu

  1. water

References

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  • Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar

Chipewyan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo , Gwich'in chųų, etc.

Noun

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tu

  1. water

References

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  • Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350

Coatecas Altas Zapotec

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Numeral

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tu

  1. one

References

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Cornish

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Adjective

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tu

  1. Hard mutation of du.
  2. Mixed mutation of du.

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Czech tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

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tu

  1. (informal or dialectal) here
    Synonyms: zde, tady

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

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tu

  1. feminine accusative singular of ten

Further reading

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  • tu”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • tu”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • tu”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Drung

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tawŋ.

Numeral

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tu

  1. thousand

References

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  • Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[3], Santa Barbara: University of California

Ewe

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Noun

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tu (plural tuwo)

  1. gun

Verb

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tu

  1. to build
  2. to close
  3. to crush
  4. to grind
  5. to meet
  6. to untie

Fala

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Determiner

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tu f sg

  1. (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (your)

Usage notes

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  • Used in Lagarteiru before a feminine singular noun as part of a noun phrase.

See also

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References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[4], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Fanagalo

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English two.

Numeral

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tu

  1. two

Fijian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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tu

  1. to stand
  2. to be (only in situations regarding posture or position)

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old French tu, from Latin , from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.

Pronoun

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tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)

  1. you (singular); thou
Usage notes
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  • When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered somewhat impolite to say the pronoun moi first, etiquette says it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
    • Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
  • "Tu" is used to address one person in an informal situation. Older people tend to exclusively use it with familiar people, and do not use it with unfamiliar adults unless invited to; but younger people use this pronoun much more, using it together in any informal situation, even if they don't know each other. Using "vous" in this context will be seen as old-fashioned and distant.
  • "Tu" is not typically used in formal settings such as business meetings and never in court, regardless of the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
  • Using "vous" when "tu" would be more appropriate will come across as rigid and awkward; however, using "tu" when "vous" would be more appropriate could come over as deliberate disrespect. For this reason, as a rule of thumb, it is advised to use "vous" if in doubt, as it is "all-encompassing".
  • Children are always addressed using "tu" – vous would come over as comical. In elementary, middle, and high schools, teachers address students using "tu", but students address teachers using vous*. In higher education usage of vous becomes more common in both directions.
  • In formal written communication to any adult, use vous. Not doing so may come over as unprofessional at best, deliberately disrespectful at worst.
  • However, depending on the region or type of school, other norms may be more used in place. For example, in Quebec (not the rest of Canada), it is more common for students to use "tu" with their teachers.[1]
Inflection
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  • Nominative: tu
  • Emphatic: toi
  • Oblique: te
  • t’ (proclitic form, colloquial)
Derived terms
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  • vous (plural form and polite singular form)

References

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  1. ^ Brad (2015 May 16) “The use of “VOUS” versus “TU” — in CANADA – Post 2 of 2 (#269)”, in Quebec Culture Blog, retrieved 2023-06-25:This student / teacher trend of “tutoiement” does not really apply in Canadian provinces outside of Québec.

Etymology 2

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Participle

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tu (feminine tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)

  1. past participle of taire

Etymology 3

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From t-il.

Particle

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tu

  1. (Quebec, informal) question marker
    C’est-tu possible ?Is it possible?

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin , from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

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tu

  1. you

See also

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Gaulish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

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(plural suīs)

  1. you (singular); thou

Inflection

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  • Nominative: tū
  • Accusative: ti/te
  • Dative: toi

References

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  • Václav Blažek (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity / Studia minora facultatis philosophicae universitatis brunensis[5], page 59

German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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tu

  1. singular imperative of tun

Iban

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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tu

  1. this (what is being indicated)

Pronoun

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tu

  1. this

See also

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish , Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu (second person singular)

  1. (informal, familiar) you (singular), thou
    Synonym: (formal) vu

Derived terms

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See also

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Interlingua

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Etymology

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From Latin and common Romance tu.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

Inflection

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subject tu
object te
reflexive te
possessive tu, tue

Determiner

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tu

  1. (possessive) your

Italian

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Etymology

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From Latin , from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtu/*
  • (most parts of Latium) IPA(key): /ˈtu/°
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Hyphenation:

Pronoun

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tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou

Usage notes

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  • Italian being a pro-drop language, subject pronouns are mostly omitted, both in the written and spoken language, as the inflected verb is conjugated by person. An example would be: Mangi una mela, which is much more common than Tu mangi una mela, where the subject can be inferred from the inflected form mangi ; similarly È carina instead of Lei è carina. The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when it is used in order to emphasize the subject. (Tu mangi una mela could be interpreted as You are eating an apple and I am not)..
  • The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.

See also

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Further reading

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Jamaican Creole

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Etymology

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Derived from English to.

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /tu/

Preposition

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tu

  1. to
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:
      Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.
      This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.

Further reading

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  • tu at majstro.com

Japanese

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Romanization

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tu

  1. The katakana syllable トゥ (tu) in Hepburn-like romanization.

Kalasha

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (2nd-person personal pronoun)

See also

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Kalo Finnish Romani

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (singular)

References

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  • tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtu/
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Syllabification: tu

Adverb

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tu (not comparable)

  1. here (at this place)
    Synonym: tuwò
    Coordinate term: tam

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “tu”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 216
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tu”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[6]
  • tu”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Khumi Chin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tu. Cognates include Burmese တူ (tu) and Chinese (chuí).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tu

  1. hammer

References

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  • K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[7], Payap University, page 48

Ladino

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu (Latin spelling)

  1. (informal) you (singular)

See also

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Adjective

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tu (Latin spelling)

  1. your

Latgalian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈtu]
  • Hyphenation: tu

Pronoun

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tu

  1. thou, you (singular)
  2. (in reported speech) he, she (that is addressed)

Declension

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See also

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References

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  • A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 10
  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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(second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)

  1. you (singular); thou
    tuī pudet.
    I am ashamed of you.

Usage notes

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When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Declension

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Number Singular Plural
Person First Second Reflexive third Third First Second Reflexive third Third
Case / Gender Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc./ Fem./Neut. Masc. Fem. Neut.
Nominative egō̆ is ea id nōs vōs
eae ea
Genitive meī tuī suī eius nostrī
nostrum
vestrī
vestrum
suī eōrum eārum eōrum
Dative mihī̆ tibī̆ sibi nōbīs vōbīs sibi eīs
Accusative
sēsē
eum eam id nōs vōs
sēsē
eōs eās ea
Ablative
sēsē
nōbīs vōbīs
sēsē
eīs
Vocative egō nōs vōs
  • Plautus sometimes has sg. gen. tis.
  • Tēd is an early form of .

Quotations

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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References

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  • "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.[1]

Pronunciation

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This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Pronoun

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tu (personal, 2nd person singular)

  1. (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
    vai tu nāksi man līdzi?are you coming with me?
    pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev!belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
    būt uz tu ar kāduto be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
  2. (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
    "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas"oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
    ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda!ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!

Usage notes

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The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.

Declension

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “tu”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (you), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (I).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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  1. you (singular)

Declension

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Derived terms

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See also

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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tu

  1. accusative feminine singular of ten

Lower Tanana

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Etymology

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From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

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tu

  1. water

References

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  • James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises

Malay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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tu

  1. (colloquial) that (what is being indicated)

Pronoun

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tu

  1. (colloquial) that (that thing)

Mandarin

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Romanization

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tu

  1. Nonstandard spelling of .
  2. Nonstandard spelling of .
  3. Nonstandard spelling of .
  4. Nonstandard spelling of .

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mezquital Otomi

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tu (intransitive)

  1. die

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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tu

  1. contain
  2. exist

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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tu

  1. owe

Middle English

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. Alternative form of þou (thou)

Mirandese

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (the second-person singular pronoun)

Neapolitan

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Etymology

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From Latin .

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (second-person singular nominative pronoun)

References

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  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1653: “voglio che tu finisca” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Nigerian Pidgin

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Etymology 1

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From English too.

Adverb

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tu

  1. too
  2. very

Etymology 2

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From English two.

Numeral

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tu

  1. two

North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *tō.

Preposition

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tu

  1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) to
    • 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
      Gung am tu Sam
      Am an Tram;
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Northern Kurdish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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Central Kurdish تۆ (to)
Southern Kurdish ت (ti)

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (singular); thou
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See also

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See also

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Preposition

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tu

  1. (dialectal, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) Nonstandard form of ut or (out from, out of).

Occitan

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan tu, from Latin .

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. you (singular)

Old Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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tu

  1. here (at this place)
    Synonyms: tuto, tuž, tuže
    Coordinate term: tam

Descendants

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Further reading

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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  1. neuter nominative/accusative of tweġen

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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From Latin , from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. thou, you (singular second person pronoun)

Descendants

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  • Fala: tu
  • Galician: tu, ti
  • Portuguese: tu

Old Irish

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Pronoun

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tu

  1. Alternative spelling of

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
tu thu tu
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. here (at this place)
    Synonym: tuta
  2. here, hither (to this place)
  3. then (at that time)
  4. here (in this situation)

Descendants

[edit]
  • Polish: tu

References

[edit]
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tu”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Swedish

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. Alternative form of þū

Phalura

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, thou).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)

  1. you (2sg nom subject or direct object)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “tu”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish tu.

Pronunciation

[edit]
 
  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Audio 3:(file)
  • Audio 4:(file)
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Syllabification: tu

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. here (at this place)
    Synonym: tutaj
    Coordinate term: tam
  2. here; hither (to this place)
    Synonym: tutaj
    Coordinate term: tam
  3. here; now (at this time)
    Synonym: tutaj

Particle

[edit]

tu

  1. (colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking
    Synonyms: tutaj, z tej strony
    Tu Janek!Janek speaking!
  2. used by the speaker to indicate they are thinking
  3. (colloquial) expressive particle, usually of anger
  4. (colloquial) particle of uncertainty of success on the speaker's part

Trivia

[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tu is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1-2 times in scientific texts, 42 times in news, 113 times in essays, 169 times in fiction, and 353 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 779 times, making it the 57th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tu”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 614

Further reading

[edit]
  • tu in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
  • TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.09.2008
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 162

Portuguese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

  • Rhymes: -u
  • Hyphenation: tu

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin (you), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (you).

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
    Synonyms: (Brazil, formal) o senhor, (formal in Portugal, neutral in Brazil) você, (formal, archaic) vossa mercê, (formal, archaic) vosmecê, (formal, obsolete) vossemecê
  2. (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun
    Ela gosta de tu.She's into you.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Centre-West, where "você" has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that in Rio de Janeiro the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [9], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
  • According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in most Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.

See also

[edit]
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject)
Accusative
(direct object)
Dative
(indirect object)
Prepositional Prepositional
with com
Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no)
a
(la, na)
lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil)
a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos)
as
(las, nas)
lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Etymology 2

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

tu

  1. (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up

Romani

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you (singular)

See also

[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin , from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you (singular), thou
    Synonyms: (semi-polite form) dumneata, (polite form) dumneavoastră

Declension

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Sassarese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin , from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you (singular)
    Synonym: (formal, now rare) vosthè
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Savi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam).

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun

References

[edit]
  • Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[10], Stockholm: Stockholm University

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu (emphatic tusa)

  1. Form of thu (thou, you) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.

See also

[edit]

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

[edit]

(Cyrillic spelling ту̑)

  1. here (in this place)
    Tu nikad nismo bili.We have never been here.
  2. (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
    Eno ih tu!Here they are!
  3. over here (to, towards this place)
    Dođi tu!Come over here!

Synonyms

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Sicilian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin .

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu (second person singular)

  1. you (informal); thou

Inflection

[edit]
nominative tu
prepositional tia
object, reflexive ti

Silesian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish tu.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈtu/
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Syllabification: tu

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. here (at this place)
    Synonyms: sam, tukej, samtukej
    Coordinate terms: (regional) hań, (Cieszyń) hanej, (Cieszyń) han, tam

Further reading

[edit]
  • tu in silling.org

Sinte Romani

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you (singular)

References

[edit]
  • tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

Slovene

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

  1. here, in this place

Synonyms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • tu”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

South Slavey

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • (Jean Marie River) ti

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognates include Navajo and Chipewyan tuu.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [tʰù(ʔ)]
  • Hyphenation: tu

Noun

[edit]

tu (stem -tu-)

  1. water

Inflection

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 90

Spanish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)

  1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of tuyo, your
    Synonym: (parts of Central and South America) su

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
Son tus libros.They are your books.
Son los libros tuyos.They are your books. (literally, “They are the books of yours.”)

Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]


Sranan Tongo

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From English two.

Number

[edit]

tu

  1. two

Etymology 2

[edit]

From English too.

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. too, also, as well
    Synonym: owktu

Sudovian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian , Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.[1][2]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. (second-person singular) you, thou

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica, volume 21, number 1 (in Lithuanian), Vilnius: VU, →DOI, page 80:tu ‘tu, l. ty’ 2.
  2. ^ ” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. prn. tu du”.

Swahili

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Maybe Proto-Bantu, see BLR3 4837?”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. only

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Old Norse tvau, neuter nominative/accusative of tveir.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

tu

  1. (archaic, in the neuter) two
    Synonym: två

Usage notes

[edit]
  • tu was the old neuter of två. Thus, one would say "ett hus" (one house), "tu hus" (two houses). The equivalent for the number three was try or tri, which is likewise archaic.
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Tanacross

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

[edit]

tu

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83

Tày

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (), ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (), Zhuang dou.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tu (, )

  1. door

References

[edit]
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[11] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
  • Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
  • Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

Tejalapan Zapotec

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

tu

  1. one

References

[edit]

Timbe

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tu

  1. water

References

[edit]

Tocharian A

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you, thou

Tok Pisin

[edit]
Tok Pisin numbers (edit)
20
 ←  1 2 3  → 
    Cardinal: tu

Etymology 1

[edit]

From English two.

Numeral

[edit]

tu

  1. two
Usage notes
[edit]

Used when counting; see also tupela.

Coordinate terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From English too.

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. too; also; as well
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:
      God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.
      →New International Version translation
    • 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics[14], →ISBN, page 433:
      Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Tsuut'ina

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognate with Navajo , Dogrib ti, Gwich'in chųų

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

  1. water

References

[edit]

Upper Kuskokwim

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

[edit]

tu

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from .

Verb

[edit]

tu

  1. (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

tu

  1. (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth

Volapük

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from English too.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

tu

  1. (degree) too, excessively.

Derived terms

[edit]

Welsh

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tu m (uncountable)

  1. side

Derived terms

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

tu

  1. beside, next to

Derived terms

[edit]

Mutation

[edit]
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
tu du nhu thu
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

[edit]
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Welsh Romani

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

tu

  1. you (singular)

References

[edit]
  • tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

White Hmong

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tɛŋH (to snap).[1]

Verb

[edit]

tu

  1. to snap, break apart
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not mentioned at all by Ratliff. Probably native Hmongic; perhaps distantly related to Old Chinese (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill”)?”

Verb

[edit]

tu

  1. to look after, care for, prepare
  2. to clean, clear

References

[edit]
  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[15], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 324-5.
  1. ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 283.

Yale

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

tu

  1. water

References

[edit]