ту

Alutor

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu/

Conjunction

ту (tu) (emphatic то)

1. and, then

   То ынӈин намалгитан ыньаньньус аӈинмысъатылъын.

   Then (the parents) saw (their daughter) who was talking alone.

See also

• г'оро

References

• Comrie, Bernard and Polinsky, Maria. (1993) Causatives and Transitivity

Carpathian Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

ту • (tu)

1. there, here, in the said place

   Його найновше выданя можете видіти ту

   Joho najnovše vŷdanja možete vydity tu

   Here you can find the latest editions of that journal

Related terms

• гев (hev)

Chuvash

Etymology 1

From late Middle Chuvash *tu, from earlier Middle Chuvash *tai̯, from Old Chuvash *tåw, from Proto-Oghuric *taɣ, from Proto-Turkic *tāg.

Noun

ту • (tu) (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural тусем) 

1. mountain

Etymology 2

From Volga Bulgar طن (tan). Unclear relation with Tatar туу (tuwu).

Verb

ту • (tu)

1. to do

Dungan

Etymology

Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 頭／头 (tóu)

Noun

ту • (tu)

1. head

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	تۋ
Cyrillic	ту
Latin	tu

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʊw/, [tʰuw]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

ту • (tu)

1. (livestock) barren

Etymology 2

Interjection

ту • (tu)

1. an expression of surprise or regret

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Old Chinese 纛 (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ, “banner made of animal tail or feather”).

Noun

ту • (tu)

Ту желбірейді.

1. flag

Declension

Declension of ту

	singular	plural
nominative	ту (tu)	тулар (tular)
genitive	тудың (tudyñ)	тулардың (tulardyñ)
dative	туға (tuğa)	туларға (tularğa)
accusative	туды (tudy)	туларды (tulardy)
locative	туда (tuda)	туларда (tularda)
ablative	тудан (tudan)	тулардан (tulardan)
instrumental	тумен (tumen)	тулармен (tularmen)
similative	тудай (tudai)	тулардай (tulardai)

Synonyms

• байрақ (bairaq)
• жалау (jalau)

Derived terms

• тушы (tuşy)

Ket

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *tʰu (“this”, demonstrative pronoun).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /¹tu/, [tuˑ˧]

Pronoun

ту (tū)

1. this, these (generic proximal demonstrative pronoun)

Usage notes

• Also found used as турь (tūdʲ, m), туре (túde, f or m) or туне (túne, anim pl).

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *tʰu (“raw, uncooked; unripe”, adjective), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *tʰugʌ (“raw”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /¹tu/, [tuˑ˧]

Adjective

ту (tū)

1. raw, uncooked

Etymology 3

Featured without a proper etymology by CHYD, but compared to Yug ту (tū, “area between the breasts”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /¹tu/, [tuˑ˧]

Noun

ту (tū) n (plural тунеӈ)

1. cleavage, area between the breasts; interscapular region, upper part of the back between the shoulderblades

Usage notes

• Usually glossed in Russian as the colloquial word загорбок (zagorbok, “area between the shoulders”).
• The gloss 'cleavage' can refer to the 'area between the breasts' for both men and women, unlike the English equivalent.

Etymology 4

Attested only in forms audited by Kai Donner in the year 1955.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /…tu/, […tu]

Verb

ту ([n²]-tu⁰) (conjugation class IV)

1. (intransitive, telic) subject climbs down

Usage notes

• Not found listed for Modern Ket in BSKJa, CHYD, MSKG or VWdJS. This form is only included for completion sake.
• The conjugations recorded by Kai Donner are;
  • (p. 34) /dittu/ [d̜ittu] (Díttu. «di⁸꞊di¹-tu⁰», “I climb down.”)
  • (p. 61) /kugətu/ [kùʸə̑tu] (Kúktu. «ku⁸꞊ku¹-tu⁰», “Thou climbest down.”)
  • (p. 38) /dujetə/ [dùi̯əˑtə̑] (Dújatu. «du⁸꞊a¹-tu⁰», “He climbs down.”)

Further reading

• Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 284, 294-295
• Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, pages 389-390

Mariupol Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τό (tó), the neuter-gender article. Cognate with Greek ο (o), το (to).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʊ]
• Hyphenation: ту

Article

ту • (tu)

1. The definite article: the
   • 2018 [19th c.], I. E. Vasilyeva, M. L. Kisilier, “«Греческий миф» у греков Приазовья [A «Greek myth» of the Priazov Greeks]”, in Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология, volume 22, number 1, page 281:

     Педъыя ту Ираклеос, дърамете ме спатъыя!

     Pjeðyja tu Irakljeos, ðramjetje mje spaθyja!

     Sons of Heracles, run with your swords!

Declension

Mariupol Greek definite articles

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ту1) tu			та1) ta
oblique	тун tun	ту1) tu		та1) ta

¹⁾ The reduced article т (t) is used before a word beginning with a vowel

Conjunction

ту • (tu)

1. that

References

• A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006), “ту́”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN, page 192
• G. A. Animica; M. P. Galikbarova (2013), Румеку глоса‎^[1], Donetsk, page 19

Moksha

Verb

ту • (tu)

1. connegative of тумс (tums)

Nivkh

Etymology 1

Map of Nivkh Language: Lake

Possibly related to Ainu ト (to, “lake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu/

Noun

ту (tu)

1. lake

References

• 丹菊逸治 (Itsuji Tangiku) (2014), ニヴフ語サハリン方言語彙集 (“Sakhalin Nivkh word list”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Sapporo: 北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター (“Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies, Hokkaido University”), page 228

Etymology 2

Regional variants of ту

Sakhalin dialects
East Sakhalin	ту
Amur dialects
Lower Amur	ты

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu/

Determiner

ту (tu) (East Sakhalin)

1. this

   нин ту муғир виныд. ― ņin tu muγir vinəd. ― We'll take this boat.

Alternate forms

• туд (tud)

Further reading

• Č. M. Taksami (1983), Словарь нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский [Nivkh-Russian and Russian-Nivkh Dictionary] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Saint Petersburg: «Просвещение» Ленинградское отделение, published 1996, →ISBN, page 102.

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

ту • (tu)

1. there, in that place (general)
2. here

Old East Slavic

Alternative forms

• туто (tuto)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu/→/tu/→/tu/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /tu/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /tu/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /tu/

Adverb

ту (tu)

1. there, in that place
2. here
   • 1110s, Hypatian Codex:

     и сруби горо(д) надъ волхово(м) и прозваша и новъгоро(д) и сѣде ту кнѧж(а).

     i srubi goro(d) nadŭ volxovo(m) i prozvaša i novŭgoro(d) i sěde tu knęž(a).

     and chop a town above Volkhov, and named it Novgorod, and sit here, reigning

Descendants

• Belarusian: тут (tut)
• Russian: тут (tut)
• Carpathian Rusyn: ту (tu), туй (tuj)
• Ukrainian: тут (tut)

Ossetian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Persian تف (tof, “spittle”), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati, “to spit”), Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ, “spit, spittle”), Serbo-Croatian pljuvati (“to spit”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “to spit out”), Latin spuō (“to spit”), English spew.

Noun

ту • (tu)

1. spit, spittle

   ту кӕнын ― tu kænyn ― to spit

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu. Cognate with Carpathian Rusyn ту (tu) and Slovak tu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtu]
• Rhymes: -u
• Hyphenation: ту

Adverb

ту (tu)

1. here (at this place)

   Coordinate term: там (tam)

2. here (at this time)

Related terms

adjectives

• тутейши (tutejši)
• тутешнї (tutešnji)

Further reading

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “ту”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tu]

Etymology 1

Determiner

ту • (tu) f sg (demonstrative)

1. feminine accusative singular of тот (tot)

Pronoun

ту • (tu) f sg (demonstrative)

1. feminine accusative singular of тот (tot)

Etymology 2

Interjection

ту • (tu)

1. (onomatopoeia) the sound of a train horn

   Ту-ту! ― Tu-tu! ― Choo-choo!

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.

Adverb

ту̑ (Latin spelling tȗ)

1. there, here, in the said place
   • 1788, Доситеј Обрадовић, Свиња и храст:

     Свиња долазаше често под један жировити храст, и ту се с жиром храњаше. Храст јој рече једном: „Колико се с мојим плодом питаш, а никада нећеш на ме да погледаш, ни да ми захвалиш!”

     A swine went often under an acorn oak, and there it munched acorn. The oak said at once to the swine: “As much as you feed yourself with my fruits, nonetheless you never look at me, nor thank me!”

Synonyms

• (Croatia) туј

Related terms

• о́вдје, та̏мо

Solombala English

Solombala English numbers ^(edit)

	2
Cardinal: ту (tu)

Etymology

PIE word
*dwóh₁

Inherited from English two.

Ingvild Broch (1996) made a mistake in reading the original text, where ту (tu) was written in italics as ту, which is why he mistakenly perceived it as мы (my) [mɨ], which is supposedly from English me.

Numeral

ту (tu)

1. two (2)
   • 1849 [1848], Vereščagin, Vasilij P., Очерки Архангельской губерніи [Sketches from Arkhangelsk Governorate]‎^[3], Saint Petersburg: Typography of Yakov Trey, pages 406–407:

     Асей, асей! Дай ту копѣйки!

     Asej, asej! Daj tu kopějki!

     Sailor, sailor! Give me two kopeks!

References

• Broch, Ingvild (1996), “Solombala-English in Archangel”, in Jahr, Ernst Håkon, Broch, Ingvild, editors, Language Contact in the Arctic: Northern Pidgins and Contact Languages (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs (TiLSM); 88)‎^[4], reprint edition, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, published 2011, →DOI, →ISBN, page 95 of 93–98

Southern Altai

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *ti- (“that”). Cognate to Kyrgyz тиги (tigi), etc.

Pronoun

ту • (tu)

1. that

Synonyms

• тиги (tigi)

References

N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “ту”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Compare to Kyrgyz туу (tuu).

Noun

ту • (tu)

1. flag

Declension

Inflection of ту

	singular	plural
absolute	ту (tu)	тулар (tular)
definite genitive	туныҥ (tunïŋ)	тулардыҥ (tulardïŋ)
dative	туга (tuga)	туларга (tularga)
definite accusative	туны (tunï)	туларды (tulardï)
locative	туда (tuda)	туларда (tularda)
ablative	тудаҥ (tudaŋ)	тулардаҥ (tulardaŋ)

References

“ту”, in Grammatika Altajskovo Jazyka [Altaic language Grammar], Kazan: V universtiteskoj til, 1869, →ISBN

Tajik

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Persian تُو (tū).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu/, [t̪ʰu]

Pronoun

ту • (tu) (Persian spelling تو)

1. you, thou (informal, grammatically singular)
2. your

See also

Tajik personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ман (man), мо (mo)*	мо (mo), моён (moyon)*
2nd person	familiar	ту (tu)	шумо (šumo), шумоён (šumoyon)*
	polite	Шумо (Šumo)
3rd person	general	вай (vay‍)	вай‍ҳо (vay‍ho) ваё (vayo)**
	literary	ӯ (ü)	онҳо (onho) уно (uno)**
	inanimate	он (on)
	polite	эшон (ešon)

* used in Northern dialects
** colloquial pronunciations

Tundra Nenets

Ту.

Etymology

From Proto-Samoyedic *tuj, from Proto-Uralic *tule. Cognates include Finnish tuli and Northern Sami dolla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tu]
• Hyphenation: ту

Noun

ту • (tu)

1. fire
2. light

Declension

Declension of ту (tu) (regular)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ту (tu)	тухуʼ (tuxuh)	туˮ (tuq)
genitive	туʼ (tuh)	тухуʼ (tuxuh)	туˮ (tuq)
accusative	тум (tum°)	тухуʼ (tuxuh)	ту (tu)
allative	тун (tun°)	тухуняʼ (tuxunyah)	тухуˮ (tuxuq)
locative	тухуна (tuxuna)	тухуняна (tuxunyana)	тухуˮна (tuxuqna)
ablative	тухуд (tuxud°)	тухуняд (tuxunyad°)	тухут (tuxut°)
prolative	тувна (tuwna)	тухунямна (tuxunyamna)	туˮмӑна (tuqmăna)

Derived terms

• туни (tunyi)

References

• Pyrerka, A. P.; Tereščenko, N. M. (1948), Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 163
• N. M. Tereschenko (2005), “ту”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
• Irina Nikolaeva (2014), A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 63

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tu]

Etymology 1

Determiner

ту • (tu)

1. accusative feminine singular of той (toj)

Etymology 2

From Old East Slavic ту (tu, “there; thereto; then; here; herewith”), from *tu.

Adverb

ту • (tu)

1. here (at this place)

   то тут, то там ― to tut, to tam ― here and there

2. here; hither (to this place)
3. in this case; under these circumstances
4. then, at this moment
5. suddenly, unexpectedly

See also

• тут (tut)

Yaghnobi

Pronoun

ту (tu)

1. (informal, grammatically singular) you, thou