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lake

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Lake, Lãke, LAKE, lakë, lakę, and łąkę

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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A mountain lake.

Arose from a conflation of

The first element is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle, pool”), Norwegian løk (“a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river”), Faroese løkur (“small brook”) and lækja (“water hole, well, watershoot in a brook”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”).[1]

Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old English lacu is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).[2]

Noun

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lake (plural lakes)

  2. A large, landlocked stretch of water or similar liquid.
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.
    • 2015 July 31, “Morphologically Cryptic Amphipod Species Are “Ecological Clones” at Regional but Not at Local Scale: A Case Study of Four Niphargus Species”, in PLOS ONE‎[6], →DOI:
      These included other Niphargus species from deep cave lakes and coastal anchihaline caves [23 ] and Gammarus and Echinogammarus amphipods that live only in permanently watered streams [21 ,24 ].
  3. A large amount of liquid.
    Synonym: mountain
    a lake of wine
    • 1991, Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft:
      So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?
  4. (now chiefly dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.
  5. (obsolete) A pit, or ditch.
Usage notes
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  • As with the names of rivers, mounts and mountains, the names of lakes are typically formed by adding the word before or after the unique term: Lake Titicaca or Great Slave Lake. Generally speaking, names formed using adjectives or attributives see lake added to the end, as with Reindeer Lake; lake is usually added before proper names, as with Lake Michigan. This derives from the earlier but now uncommon form lake of ~: for instance, the 19th-century Lake of Annecy is now usually simply Lake Annecy. There are exceptions to this generalization, however, including notably the names of the individual Finger Lakes (e.g. Oneida Lake, Seneca Lake, Cayuga Lake). It frequently occurs, however, that foreign placenames are misunderstood as proper nouns, as with the Chinese Taihu (“Great Lake”) and Qinghai (“Blue Sea”) being frequently rendered as Lake Tai and Qinghai Lake.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See lake/translations § Noun.

See also

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Further reading

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  • lake on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Astell, Ann W. (1999), Political Allegory in Late Medieval England, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 192.
  • Cameron, Kenneth (1961), English Place Names, B. T. Batsford Limited, →ISBN, page 164.
  • Ferguson, Robert (1858), English Surnames: And their Place in the Teutonic Family, G. Routledge & Co., page 368.
  • Maetzner, Eduard Adolf Ferdinand (2009), An English Grammar; Methodical, Analytical, and Historical, BiblioBazaar, LLC, →ISBN, page 200.
  • Rissanen, Matti (1992), History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 513–514.
  • Sisam, Kenneth (2009), Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose, BiblioBazaar, →ISBN.

Etymology 2

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    From Northern Middle English lake, lak, lac (also laik, layke; Southern loke), from Old English lāc (“play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message”), from Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”). Cognate with Old High German leih (“song, melody, music”), Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”). Doublet of lek.

    Verb form partly from Middle English laken, from Old English lacan, from Proto-Germanic *laikaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. More at lay, -lock.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    lake (plural lakes)

    1. (obsolete) An offering, sacrifice, gift.
    2. (dialectal) Play; sport; game; fun; glee.
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    Verb

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    lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)

    1. (obsolete) To present an offering.
    2. (dialectal, Northern, UK) To leap, jump, exert oneself, play.
    3. To subject biological cells to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing until lysis.

    Etymology 3

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    From Middle English lake, from Old English *lacen or Middle Dutch laken; both from Proto-Germanic *lakaną (“linen; cloth; sheet”). Cognate with Dutch lake (“linen”), Dutch laken (“linen; bedsheet”), German Laken, Danish lagan, Swedish lakan, Icelandic lak, lakan.

    Noun

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    lake (plural lakes)

    1. (obsolete) A kind of fine, white linen.

    Etymology 4

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    From French laque (“lacquer”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lac and lacquer.

    Noun

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    lake (countable and uncountable, plural lakes)

    1. In dyeing and painting, an often fugitive crimson or vermilion pigment derived from an organic colorant (cochineal or madder, for example) and an inorganic, generally metallic mordant.
      Synonym: lac
      • 1954 August, Basil M. Bazley, “Three Scottish Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 534:
        The colour scheme of the North British Railway—dark gamboge for the engines and lake for the coaches—looked very smart when new and clean, but these shades did not possess good wearing qualities.
      • 1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 24, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 242:
        Jeremiah found himself indoors, perfecting his Draftsmanship, bending all day over the work-table, grinding and mixing his own Inks,— siftings and splashes ev'rywhere of King's Yellow, Azure, red Orpiment, Indian lake, Verdigris, Indigo, and Umber.
    2. In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
      The name of a lake prepared by extending the aluminum salt prepared from FD&C Blue No. 1 upon the substratum would be FD&C Blue No. 1--Aluminum Lake.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    Verb

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    lake (third-person singular simple present lakes, present participle laking, simple past and past participle laked)

    1. To make lake-red.

    References

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    1. ^ “lake, n.3.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2021.
    2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “Lagu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

    Anagrams

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    Albanian

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    Verb

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    lake

    1. second-person singular present admirative of laj

    Baltic Romani

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    Pronoun

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    lake

    1. (Litovska) dative of joj

    Declension

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    Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns
    singular plural reflexive
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    m f
    Nominative mē tu jou joj amē tumē jonē -
    Accusative/
    Independent Oblique     		man tut lēs la amēn tumēn lēn pes
    Dative mange tuke lēske lake amēnge tumēnge lēnge pēske
    Ablative1 mandyr tutyr lēstyr latyr amēndyr tumēndyr lēndyr pēstyr
    Genitive m miro tyro lēskiro lakiro amaro tumaro lēngiro pēskiro
    f miri tyri lēskiri lakiri amari tumari lēngiri pēskiri
    pl mirē tyrē lēskirē lakirē amarē tumarē lēngirē pēskirē
    Locative mandē tutē lēstē latē amēndē tumēndē lēndē pēstē
    Instrumental mansa tusa lēsa lasa amēnca tumēnca lēnsa pēsa
    Enclitic Reflexive man pe amēn pe -

    1 The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani.


    Dutch

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    lake

    1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of laken

    Anagrams

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    Mauritian Creole

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    Etymology

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    From French queue.

    Noun

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    lake

    1. tail
    2. queue

    References

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    • Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia no

    Etymology 1

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    From Low German lake.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)

    1. (preservative) pickle, brine

    Etymology 2

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    Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia no

    From Old Norse laki.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural laker, definite plural lakene)

    1. (fish) burbot, eelpout (species Lota lota)

    Etymology 3

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    As for Etymology 1.

    Verb

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    lake

    1. to pickle, put in brine

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia nn

    Etymology 1

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    From Low German lake. Compare Danish lage and Swedish lake.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)

    1. (preservative) pickle, brine

    Etymology 2

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    Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia nn

    From Old Norse laki.

    Noun

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    lake m (definite singular laken, indefinite plural lakar, definite plural lakane)

    1. (fish) burbot, eelpout (species Lota lota)

    Etymology 3

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    As for Etymology 1.

    Verb

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    lake

    1. to pickle, put in brine

    References

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    Serbo-Croatian

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    Adjective

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    lake (Cyrillic spelling лаке)

    1. inflection of lak:
      1. masculine accusative plural
      2. feminine genitive singular
      3. feminine nominative/accusative/vocative plural

    Seychellois Creole

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    Etymology

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    From French queue.

    Noun

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    lake

    1. tail
    2. queue

    References

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    • D'Offay, Danielle; Lionnet, Guy (1982), Diksyonner kreol-franse [Creole-French Dictionary] (in French), Hamburg: Buske, →ISBN

    Swahili

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    Adjective

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    lake

    1. ji class(V) inflected form of -ake

    Swedish

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Middle Low German lâke (“brine; standing water”), from Old Saxon *laca, from Proto-West Germanic *laku (“steam, pool”).[1][2]

    Noun

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    lake c

    1. brine
    Declension
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    Declension of lake
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite lake lakes
    definite laken lakens
    plural indefinite lakar lakars
    definite lakarna lakarnas

    References

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    1. ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922), “1. lake”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[2] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 394
    2. ^ “lake”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎[3] (in Swedish), 1937

    Etymology 2

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    Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sv

    From Old Norse laki.[1][2]

    Noun

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    lake c

    1. burbot (Lota lota spp.)
      Synonym: (colloquial) slemhelge
    Declension
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    Declension of lake
    nominative genitive
    singular indefinite lake lakes
    definite laken lakens
    plural indefinite lakar lakars
    definite lakarna lakarnas

    References

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    1. ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922), “2. lake”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[4] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, pages 394-395
    2. ^ “lake”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎[5] (in Swedish), 1937

    Anagrams

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    Turkish

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    Etymology

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    From French laqué.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈla.ce/
    • Hyphenation: la‧ke

    Adjective

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    lake

    1. Polished with lacquer.

    Declension

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    Predicative forms of lake
    present tense
    positive declarative positive interrogative
    ben (I am) lakeyim lake miyim?
    sen (you are) lakesin lake misin?
    o (he/she/it is) lake / lakedir lake mi?
    biz (we are) lakeyiz lake miyiz?
    siz (you are) lakesiniz lake misiniz?
    onlar (they are) lake(ler) lake(ler) mi?
    past tense
    positive declarative positive interrogative
    ben (I was) lakeydim lake miydim?
    sen (you were) lakeydin lake miydin?
    o (he/she/it was) lakeydi lake miydi?
    biz (we were) lakeydik lake miydik?
    siz (you were) lakeydiniz lake miydiniz?
    onlar (they were) lakeydiler lake miydiler?
    indirect past
    positive declarative positive interrogative
    ben (I was) lakeymişim lake miymişim?
    sen (you were) lakeymişsin lake miymişsin?
    o (he/she/it was) lakeymiş lake miymiş?
    biz (we were) lakeymişiz lake miymişiz?
    siz (you were) lakeymişsiniz lake miymişsiniz?
    onlar (they were) lakeymişler lake miymişler?
    conditional
    positive declarative positive interrogative
    ben (if I) lakeysem lake miysem?
    sen (if you) lakeysen lake miysen?
    o (if he/she/it) lakeyse lake miyse?
    biz (if we) lakeysek lake miysek?
    siz (if you) lakeyseniz lake miyseniz?
    onlar (if they) lakeyseler lake miyseler?

    For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

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    References

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    1. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “lake”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

    Further reading

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lake&oldid=89503034"