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See also:
U+982D, 頭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-982D

[U+982C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+982E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
16 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 181, +7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), four-corner 11186, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1404, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43490
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1921, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4372, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+982D

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𥘖
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doː): phonetic (OC *doːs) + semantic (head).

Etymology[edit]

Replaced earlier (MC syuwX, “head”) due to homophony with (ɕɨuX, hand) (Sagart, 1999).

Several etymologies have been proposed:

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • tau4-2 - “leader; plug; classifier for pieces of seafood”.
Note: heu3* - “leader”.
Note:
  • thâu - vernacular;
  • thô͘/thiô - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /tʰou³⁵/
    Harbin /tʰou²⁴/
    Tianjin /tʰou⁴⁵/
    Jinan /tʰou⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʰou⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /tʰou⁴²/
    Xi'an /tʰou²⁴/
    Xining /tʰɯ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /tʰəu⁵³/
    Lanzhou /tʰou⁵³/
    Ürümqi /tʰɤu⁵¹/
    Wuhan /tʰəu²¹³/
    Chengdu /tʰəu³¹/
    Guiyang /tʰəu²¹/
    Kunming /tʰəu³¹/
    Nanjing /tʰəɯ²⁴/
    Hefei /tʰɯ⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /tʰəu¹¹/
    Pingyao /təu¹³/
    /tʰəu¹³/
    Hohhot /tʰəu³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /dɤ²³/
    Suzhou /dɤ¹³/
    Hangzhou /dei²¹³/
    Wenzhou /dɤu³¹/
    Hui Shexian /tʰiu⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /tʰiu⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /təu¹³/
    Xiangtan /dəɯ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /tʰɛu²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /tʰeu¹¹/
    Taoyuan /tʰeu¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɐu²¹/
    Nanning /tʰɐu²¹/
    Hong Kong /tʰɐu²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tʰɔ³⁵/
    /tʰau³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tʰau⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tʰe³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /tʰau⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hau³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (137)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter duw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dəu/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dəu/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dəw/
    Li
    Rong
    /du/
    Wang
    Li
    /dəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    tóu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    tau4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    tóu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ duw ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[m-t]ˁo/
    English head

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2465
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*doː/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (anatomy) head (Classifier: m c)
      不再不再  ―  tóu bùzài tòng le.  ―  My head doesn't hurt any more.
    2. hair; hairstyle
        ―  tóu  ―  to wash one's hair
        ―  tóu tì guāng  ―  to shave one's head
    3. beginning or end
      開始开始  ―  cóng tóu kāishǐ  ―  to start from the beginning
    4. top; tip; end
        ―  shāntóu  ―  top of a mountain
      火柴火柴  ―  huǒchái tóu  ―  tip of a match
    5. chief; boss; leader (person that leads or directs)
        ―  gōngtóu  ―  foreman
      你們你们  ―  Nǐmen de tóur shì shéi?  ―  Who is your leader?
    6. remnant; end
        ―  tóur  ―  oddment
        ―  yāntóu  ―  cigarette bud
    7. first; leading
        ―  tóujiǎng  ―  first prize; biggest prize
        ―  tóu bān chē  ―  first departure
    8. (used before a classifier or a numeral) first
        ―  tóu yī biàn  ―  the first time
        ―  tóu sān tiān  ―  the first three days
      幾個几个  ―  tóu jǐge  ―  the first few
    9. (Hakka, Min Nan, dated in Mainland China) station
      [Hokkien]  ―  chhia-thâu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  train station
    10. side; aspect
    11. (Teochew) at the same time; simultaneously
      门外 [Teochew, trad.]
      门外 [Teochew, simp.]
      From: late Qing/early Republic, anonymous, 古板一世報全歌, book 3 page 6
      tao5 cim5 tao5 giê3 mung5 ghua7 lai5 [Peng'im]
      While searching and shouting [he] went outdoors.
    12. (Cantonese) plug; connector; short for 插頭插头.
      type Ctype C [Cantonese]  ―  type C tau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  USB Type-C connector
    13. Classifier for livestock.all nouns using this classifier
        ―  Wǒ yǒu liǎng tóu zhū.  ―  I have two pigs.
    14. (dialectal) Classifier for other animals.
    15. (Min Bei) Classifier for flowers.
    16. (Cantonese) Classifier for number of pieces of dried seafood (e.g. abalones) in one catty.
    17. (Cantonese) Classifier for number of abalones in one can.
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (chief):

    Pronunciation 2[edit]


    Note:
    • thâu - vernacular;
    • thô͘/thiô - literary;
    • thô - only used in 饅頭.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (7)
    Final () (137)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter duw
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /dəu/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /dəu/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /dəu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /dəw/
    Li
    Rong
    /du/
    Wang
    Li
    /dəu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /dʱə̯u/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    tóu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    tau4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    tóu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ duw ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[m-t]ˁo/
    English head

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2465
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*doː/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Suffix that forms nouns.
      1. Added to a noun.
          ―  guàntou  ―  can; tin
          ―  shítou  ―  rock
      2. Added to a locative word.
          ―  tou  ―  inside
          ―  qiántou  ―  front
      3. Added to a verb to form an abstract noun.
          ―  niàntou  ―  thought; idea
      4. Added to an adjective to form an abstract noun.
          ―  tiántou  ―  sweet taste; benefit

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (zu); (とう) ()
    • Korean: 두(頭) (du)
    • Vietnamese: đầu ()

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. head
    2. counter for large animals

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    あたま
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    Probably from Old Japanese. First cited in the ten-volume Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

    Unknown derivation. Theories include:

    • Compound of (a tama, literally “heaven, sky + ball). This is problematic phonetically, as appears historically as ama or ame, not as just a
    • Compound of 当て (ate ma, literally “putting something in contact + space, gap), referring to the head as a moxibustion point. This is also problematic phonetically, as the shift from ate to ata necessitates a change in meaning of the underlying verb. This is also problematic semantically, as the (ma) term refers more specifically to a gap or space.
    • Compound of (ate ma, literally “noble + space”), referring to the most important part of the body. However, the use of (ma) in this way is again problematic. Moreover, (ate, noble) appears in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter dating to the 900s CE, while (atama) with a sense of fontanelle appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dated 938 CE, leaving insufficient time for either the semantic or phonetic drift required.[1][2]

    Historically, this term first appears with a sense of fontanelle, in reference to the soft place on the top of an infant's head where the bones of the skull have not yet fused. As such, a more likely derivation might be as a compound of 当た (ata, not quite touching, not quite in contact, possibly a fossilized 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) of classical verb 当つ (atsu), root of modern 当たる (ataru, to touch, to come into contact)) +‎ (ma, space, gap, opening).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (あたま) (atama

    1. head (body part)
      Synonym: (dialectal, Kagoshima) びんた
      (あたま)(いた)
      Atama ga itai.
      My head hurts.
    2. (anatomy, archaic, possibly obsolete) the fontanelle part of the skull
    Idioms[edit]