元
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
元 (radical 10 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一山 (MMU), four-corner 10211, composition ⿱二儿)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 123, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1340
- Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 264, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5143
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
元 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 元
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̥ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
Etymology 1[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngièn / ngiàn
- Min Dong (BUC): nguòng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyoe (T3); hhyoe (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
- Wade-Giles: yüan2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
- IPA (key): /y̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyun4
- Yale: yùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: yun4
- IPA (key): /jyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn / ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ / ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2 / ngian2
- IPA: /ɲi̯en¹¹/, /ɲi̯an¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn / ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ / ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2 / ngian2
- IPA: /ɲi̯an¹¹/, /ɲi̯an¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng
- IPA (key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note: ngang5 - used in 開元.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyoe (T3); hhyoe (T3)
- IPA (key): /n̠ʲø²³/, /ɦyø²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 元 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /yan³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /yan²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /yan⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /yã⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /yã⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /yan⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /yã²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /yã²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /yan⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /yɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /yan⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /yɛn²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /yan³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ian²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /yen²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /yĩ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ye¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ye̞¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ye³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵyø²³/ /ɦyø²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiø¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦyõ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵy³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ue⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /yẽ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /yẽ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵyɵn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋian¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋien¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jyn²¹/ |
| Nanning | /yn²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jyn²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /guan³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ŋuoŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ŋyiŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /zuaŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 愚袁切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ŋʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ŋʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ŋiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ŋuan/ |
| Li Rong |
/ŋiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ŋĭwɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ŋi̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yuán |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yuán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ngjwon › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular) |
| English | head; first |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 元 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16145 |
| Phonetic component |
元 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
元 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ŋon/ |
Definitions[edit]
元
- † head
- first; primary; head; chief
- basic; fundamental
- origin; source
- Classifier for yuan or dollars.
- (mathematics) unknown variable
- (～朝) Yuan Dynasty
- A surname.
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 元
Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 元 – see 圓. (This character, 元, is the second-round simplified form of 圓.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
元
Readings[edit]
- Goon: ごん (gon)
- Kan’on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
- Tōon: がん (gan, Jōyō)
- Kun: もと (moto, 元, Jōyō); こうべ (kōbe, 元)
- Nanori: はじめ (hajime)
Compounds[edit]
Terms derived from 元
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 元 |
| もと Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun[edit]
- cause, origin
- basis, foundation
- cost
- 元がとれる
- moto ga toreru
- to be able to cover the cost
- 元がとれる
- (finance) capital
- principal
Alternative forms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
元 (hiragana はじめ, rōmaji Hajime)
- A male given name
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
元 • (won)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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