元
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
元 (radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一山 (MMU), four-corner 10211, composition ⿱一兀 or ⿱二儿)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 123, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1340
- Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 264, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5143
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
元 | |
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Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 元 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 冠 | *kŋoːn, *kŋoːns |
| 莞 | *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 脘 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 筦 | *ŋkoːnʔ |
| 梡 | *ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 岏 | *ŋoːn |
| 刓 | *ŋoːn |
| 园 | *ŋoːn |
| 忨 | *ŋoːn, *ŋoːns |
| 蚖 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 黿 | *ŋoːn, *ŋon |
| 抏 | *ŋoːn |
| 玩 | *ŋoːns |
| 貦 | *ŋoːns |
| 翫 | *ŋoːns |
| 妧 | *ŋoːns |
| 完 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 捖 | *ɦŋoːn |
| 垸 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns |
| 綄 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 院 | *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons |
| 皖 | *ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 晥 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 浣 | *ɦŋoːnʔ |
| 頑 | *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn |
| 睆 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 鯇 | *ɦŋroːnʔ |
| 元 | *ŋon |
| 沅 | *ŋon |
| 芫 | *ŋon |
| 杬 | *ŋon |
| 邧 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 阮 | *ŋon, *ŋonʔ |
| 俒 | *ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns |
Pictogram (象形) – a figure with two lines 二 for a head (one connected to body, one above it), emphasizing the head.
Etymology 1[edit]
Possibly related to 原 (OC *ŋʷan) "source, origin, basic, primary" and 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon) "large turtle" (whose back-formation might be 鰲 (OC *ŋaːw) "mythological turtle" with final -n discarded due to folk etymology) (Schuessler, 2007), and also 高 (OC *kaːw).
Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m~s-gaw (“head”). If so, cognate with 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs) "ruler, lord (obsolete), queen"; Tibetan མགོ (mgo, “head, summit, beginning”) (⇒ མགོ.དཔོན (mgo.dpon, “headman”)), Garo sko (“skull”), Northern Tujia kho⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ (“head”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007).
- Thurgood (1985) cites Mei Tsu-lin's opinion that 元 (OC *ŋon) and 君 (OC *klun) are variants of each other and cognates with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
元
- † head
- first; primary; head; chief
- basic; fundamental
- origin; source
- Classifier for yuan or dollars.
- (mathematics) unknown variable
- (～朝) Yuan Dynasty
- A surname.
- (prefix) meta-
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 元 (“yuan; dollar”) [map]
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 元
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Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 元 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character, 元, is the second-round simplified form of 圓.) |
Notes:
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
元
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ごん (gon)
- Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)
- Tō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)←ぐわん (gwan, historical)
- Kun: もと (moto, 元, Jōyō); こうべ (kōbe, 元)
- Nanori: はじめ (hajime)
Compounds[edit]
- 元気 (genki)
- 元凶 (genkyō)
- 元金 (gankin)
- 元号 (gengō)
- 元日 (ganjitsu)
- 元首 (genshu), 元首 (motokubi)
- 元帥 (gensui)
- 元祖 (ganso)
- 元素 (genso)
- 元旦 (gantan)
- 元朝 (ganchō), 元朝 (genchō)
- 元服 (genpuku)
- 元本 (ganpon)
- 元来 (ganrai)
- 元悪 (gen'aku)
- 元価 (genka)
- 元兇 (genkyō)
- 元勲 (genkun)
- 元軍 (gengun)
- 元元 (motomoto), 元々 (motomoto)
- 元高 (motodaka)
- 元三 (Motomi)
- 元始 (genshi)
- 元手 (motode)
- 元鞘 (motosaya)
- 元職 (genshoku)
- 元栓 (motosen)
- 元値 (motone)
- 元帳 (motochō)
- 元締 (motoji)
- 元入金 (motonyūkin)
- 元年 (gannen)
- 元標 (genpyō)
- 元方 (motokata)
- 元利 (ganri)
- 元老 (genrō)
- 元禄 (genroku)
- 元寇 (genkō)
- お手元 (otemoto), 御手元 (otemoto)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 元 |
| もと Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with Okinawan 元 (mutu).
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
- cause, origin
- basis, foundation
- cost
- 元がとれる
- moto ga toreru
- to be able to cover the cost
- 元がとれる
- (finance) capital
- principal
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From 始め (hajime, “beginning”).
Proper noun[edit]
元 (hiragana はじめ, rōmaji Hajime)
- A male given name
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- Chief
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
元
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 元 |
| むとぅ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 元 |
| むーとぅ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *moto, from Proto-Japonic *mətə. Cognate with mainland Japanese 元 (moto).
Noun[edit]
元 (hiragana むとぅ, rōmaji mutu, alternative reading むーとぅ, rōmaji mūtu)
References[edit]
- “ムトゥ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
- “ムートゥ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
元: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn
- source, origin, base
- a family name
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading げん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading ぐゑん
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ごん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はじめ
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- Okinawan kanji with on reading じん
- Okinawan terms spelled with 元 read as むとぅ
- Okinawan terms read with kun'yomi
- Okinawan terms spelled with 元 read as むーとぅ
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
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