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殷

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 慇
殷 U+6BB7, 殷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BB7
← 殶
[U+6BB6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 殸 →
[U+6BB8]

Translingual

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Han character

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殷 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 竹尸竹弓水 (HSHNE), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰㐆殳)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 585, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16627
  • Dae Jaweon: page 977, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2156, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6BB7

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 殷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 殷
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (殷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
殷 *qrɯːn, *qɯn
慇 *qɯn
溵 *qɯn
磤 *qɯnʔ

Two forms are attested in the oracle bone script:

  1. Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 㐆 (“person with a swollen belly”) + 矢 (“arrow-like object”) + 又 (“hand”) — a hand directing an arrow-like object at a person's belly. Chen (2019) identifies this as the original character of 慇 (OC *qɯn, “abdominal pain > sorrowful; earnest”).
  2. Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 㐆 (“person with a swollen belly”) + 殳 (“hand holding a mallet”) — a hand directing a mallet at a person's belly. Chen (2019) associates the mallet with percussion instruments, signifying "grand music", which generalized to "grand", "substantial", "numerous", and "deep red".

In the Anhui University bamboo slips, the character is written as 𫴄 (composed of 宀, 西, 土, and 攴). This form is likely connected to the Shang ritual of burning large-bellied shamans (巫尪) to pray for rain, given that 土 was frequently conflated with 火 (“fire”), 西 with a human head, and 攴 represents a hand holding a striking implement. Furthermore, 𫴄 is structurally linked to 𡫚 (composed of 宀, 西, 火, and 示), the Zhou-dynasty script variant of 禋 (OC *qin, “smoke sacrifice”).

Etymology

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Old Chinese 殷 (OC *ʔ(ˤr)ən(ʔ)) may be cognate with a semantic word family encompassing the following concepts(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?):

  • to stuff, to accumulate, to block;
  • to wrap, to contain, to cover;
  • warmth, brewing, stability;
  • deep, suppressed emotions.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: irn - Quanzhou.
Note:
  • hng1 - Chaozhou;
  • heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou.
Rime
Character 殷
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於斤切
Baxter 'j+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiən/
Wang
Li 		/ĭən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殷 殷 殷
Reading # 2/4 3/4 4/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīn yīn yīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjɨn › ‹ ʔjɨn › ‹ ʔjɨn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔə[r]/ /*ʔə[r]/ /*ʔər/
English 殷殷 distressed ample, many (dynastic name)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殷
Reading # 2/2
No. 15232
Phonetic
component 		殷
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		殷
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯn/

Definitions

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殷

  1. (metonymic) (～朝) Shang Dynasty after Pan Geng moved the capital of the state to its final location at Yīn (i.e., Late Shang Dynasty)
  2. (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”).
  3. abundant; rich
    殷實／殷实  ―  yīnshí  ―  well-off
  4. (literary) large; flourishing
  5. (literary) many; numerous
  6. (of emotions) deep
  7. a surname
    殷海光  ―  Yīn Hǎiguāng  ―  Yin Haiguang (20th-century Chinese philosopher)
See also
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Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周 / 东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國 / 战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
西漢 / 西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國 / 三国 		220 – 280 CE Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢 / 蜀汉
Wu
吳 / 吴
Jin
晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 CE Western Jin
西晉 / 西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏 / 东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊 / 北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋 / 刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊 / 南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國 / 五代十国 		907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼 / 西辽 		1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 CE
Republic of China
中華民國 / 中华民国 		1912 CE – present Note: In Chinese contexts
People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国 		1949 CE – present Note: In Chinese contexts

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Rime
Character 殷
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 烏閑切
Baxter 'ean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɛn/
Wang
Li 		/æn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殷
Reading # 1/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁrə[r]/
English dark-red

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殷
Reading # 1/2
No. 15231
Phonetic
component 		殷
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		黰
Old
Chinese 		/*qrɯːn/

Definitions

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殷

  1. blood red; deep red

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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殷

  1. (literary, onomatopoeia) resonant, sustained sound of thunder; rumble
  2. to shake; to tremble

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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殷

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
殷
いん
Hyōgai
kan'on

The senses “Shang dynasty” and “prosperous” are from Middle Chinese 殷 (MC 'j+n), corresponding to modern Mandarin yīn and Cantonese jan1. The sense “rumbling” corresponds to modern Mandarin yǐn and Cantonese jan2.

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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殷(いん) • (In) 

  1. (historical) Shang dynasty

Synonyms

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Affix

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殷(いん) • (in) 

  1. (historical) Shang dynasty
  2. prosperous; flourishing
  3. rumbling

References

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  1. ^ “殷”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

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To be cleaned up A user suggests that this Korean entry be cleaned up.
Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Hanja

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殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an))

  1. The template Template:ko-hanja form of does not use the parameter(s): 
    y=un, an

mr=ŭn, an

rv=eun, an Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.hanja form? of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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殷: Hán Nôm readings: ân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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