明

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明 U+660E, 明
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660E
← 昍
[U+660D]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 昏 →
[U+660F]
See also: 日月

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character[edit]

明 (radical 72 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月 (AB), four-corner 67020, composition ⿰日月)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 491, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
  • Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1491, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+660E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 明
alt. forms 朙

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 明
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
明-oracle.svg 明-bronze.svg 明-silk.svg 明-bigseal.svg 明-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (明) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
莔 *mraːŋ, *qʰɯd
明 *mraŋ
盟 *mraŋ, *mraːŋs
萌 *mreːŋ
奣 *ʔmraːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.

Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:

  • 朙 < 囧 (“window”) + 月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
  • 眀 < 目 (“eye”) + 月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to 明. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙.
  • 田 + 月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • màng - vernacular;
  • mìng - literary.
Note:
  • bêng - literary;
  • bîn, miâ - vernacular;
  • mê/mêe/mî/môa/mâ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 明年).
Note:
  • 3men - vernacular;
  • 3min - literary.
Rime
Character 明
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 武兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /miajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /miɐŋ/
Wang
Li		 /mĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 míng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 明
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 míng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjæng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mraŋ/
English bright

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 明
Reading # 1/1
No. 9188
Phonetic
component		 明
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 明
Old
Chinese		 /*mraŋ/

Definitions[edit]

明

  1. bright; light; brilliant
  2. clear; limpid
  3. tomorrow
  4. next; following
  5. to understand
    講明 / 讲明  ―  jiǎngmíng  ―  to explain
  6. (～朝) Ming dynasty
  7. A surname​, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing

See also[edit]

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		 2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		 1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		 1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		 221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		 206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		 220 – 280 CE Wei
魏
Shu
蜀
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		 265 – 420 CE Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		 420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		 581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		 618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		 907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		 907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		 960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		 1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		 1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		 1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		 1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		 1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		 1636 – 1912 CE

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 明

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

明

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. clear
  2. tomorrow
  3. bright

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

明 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

  1. A male given name

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

明 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune-Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

明 (minh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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