明
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
明 (radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月 (AB), four-corner 67020, composition ⿰日月)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 491, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
- Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1491, character 8
- Unihan data for U+660E
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
明 | |
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alternative forms | 朙 眀 几 𤰾 𣇱 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 明 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.
Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:
- 朙 < 囧 (“window”) + 月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
- 眀 < 目 (“eye”) + 月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to 明. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙.
- 𤰾 < 田 + 月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.
Etymology[edit]
Of either Proto-Sino-Tibetan origin, compare
- Tibetan མདངས (mdangs, “facial color, appearance, brightness”) (Bodman, 1980), or
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brwaŋ (“loud; bright”) (STDET); making it cognate with Burmese ပြင်း (prang:, “acute; violent”), Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “to shine”).
Or from Austroasiatic, cognate with 亮 (OC *raŋs, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007). For more see 亮 (OC *raŋs).
盟 (OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs, “covenant”) is a derivative (Schuessler, 2007).
- “Akira”
- Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 明 (akira).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
明
- bright; light; brilliant
- 明月 ― míngyuè ― splendid moon
- 東方未明,顛倒衣裳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dōngfāng wèimíng, diāndǎo yīcháng. [Pinyin]
- Before the east was bright,
I was putting on my clothes upside down;
东方未明,颠倒衣裳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- clear; limpid (transparent; light-conducting; not obscured)
- manifest; apparent (easily seen, perceived, or detected)
- vision; sight (the ability to see)
- 失明 ― shīmíng ― to be blind; to lose eyesight
- 明足以察秋毫之末,而不見輿薪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, circa 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Míng zúyǐ chá qiūháo zhī mò, ér bùjiàn yúxīn. [Pinyin]
- [M]y eyesight is sharp enough to examine the point of an autumn hair, but I do not see a cart-load of firewood.
明足以察秋毫之末,而不见舆薪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (of vision) acute; sharp; keen
- (figuratively) intellect; knowledge; judgement; discernment; sensibility
- (figuratively) intelligent; sensible; informed; wise
- 明智 ― míngzhì ― wise; sensible
- 王之不明,豈足福哉! [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
- Wáng zhī bùmíng, qǐ zú fú zāi! [Pinyin]
- How can a monarch's lack of judgement be a blessing? (Literally, "That the monarch is not wise, how can this amount to a blessing?")
王之不明,岂足福哉! [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to understand
- tomorrow
- next; following
- (~朝) Ming dynasty
- A surname, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing
- (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 明 (MC mˠiæŋ)
- (Should we delete(+) this sense?) An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese male given name [Term?], Akira
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
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Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: みょう (myō, Jōyō)←みやう (myau, historical)
- Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: みん (min)
- Kun: あかす (akasu, 明かす, Jōyō); あからむ (akaramu, 明らむ, Jōyō); あかり (akari, 明かり, Jōyō); あかるい (akarui, 明るい, Jōyō); あかるむ (akarumu, 明るむ, Jōyō); あきらか (akiraka, 明らか, Jōyō); あく (aku, 明く, Jōyō); あくる (akuru, 明くる, Jōyō); あける (akeru, 明ける, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あ (a); あか (aka); あかり (akari); あかる (akaru); あき (aki); あきら (akira); あけ (ake); あける (akeru); きよし (kiyoshi); くに (kuni); さとし (satoshi); てる (teru); とおる (tōru); とし (toshi); なお (nao); のり (nori); はじめ (hajime); はる (haru); ひろ (hiro); み (mi); みつ (mitsu); よし (yoshi)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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明 |
めい Grade: 2 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mˠiæŋ).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Affix[edit]
- bright, brightening
- clarifying, understanding
- brighten, enlighten
- open to the world
- deity, god
Derived terms[edit]
- 明暗 (meian)
- 明快 (meikai)
- 明解 (meikai)
- 明海 (meikai)
- 明確 (meikaku)
- 明鏡 (meikyō)
- 明君 (meikun)
- 明言 (meigen)
- 明察 (meisatsu)
- 明示 (meiji)
- 明治 (Meiji)
- 明晰 (meiseki)
- 明白 (meihaku)
- 明瞭 (meiryō)
- 解明 (kaimei)
- 究明 (kyūmei)
- 克明 (kokumei)
- 松明 (shōmei)
- 照明 (shōmei)
- 証明 (shōmei)
- 晨明 (shinmei)
- 透明 (tōmei)
- 薄明 (hakumei)
- 発明 (hatsumei)
- 不明 (fumei)
- 文明 (bunmei)
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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明 |
みょう Grade: 2 |
goon |
/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mˠiæŋ).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).[1]
Affix[edit]
- bright
- light, lamp
- clarifying
- passing to the next in time
- graceful, respectful
- (Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study
Derived terms[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth
- (Buddhism) an esoteric mantra
Adnominal[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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明 |
みん Grade: 2 |
tōon |
The 唐音 (tōon, literally “Tang sound”), so likely this reading was borrowed from around the Song dynasty.
Proper noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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明 |
さや Grade: 2 |
Irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 明 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 明, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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明 |
あき(ら) Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear, visible”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
References[edit]
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
明 (eumhun 밝을 명 (balgeul myeong))
Kunigami[edit]
Kanji[edit]
明
Miyako[edit]
Kanji[edit]
明
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
明: Hán Việt readings: minh (
明: Nôm readings: mừng[1][2][3][4][5], minh[2][5], mầng[2][5], miêng[3][5], mênh[3]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
Yaeyama[edit]
Kanji[edit]
明
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
明
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- Japanese kanji with tōon reading みん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-かす
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-らむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-かり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-るい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-るむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あき-らか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-く
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-くる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-ける
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading めい
- Japanese kanji with goon reading みょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading みやう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あかり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あかる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あけ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading くに
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さとし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading てる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とおる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なお
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はじめ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みつ
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- ja:Buddhism
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