明
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 日月
Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
明 (radical 72 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月 (AB), four-corner 67020, composition ⿰日月)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 491, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
- Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1491, character 8
- Unihan data for U+660E
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
明 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 朙 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 明
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (明) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 莔 | *mraːŋ, *qʰɯd |
| 明 | *mraŋ |
| 盟 | *mraŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 萌 | *mreːŋ |
| 奣 | *ʔmraːŋʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.
Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:
- 朙 < 囧 (“window”) + 月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
- 眀 < 目 (“eye”) + 月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to 明. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙.
- 田 + 月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ming4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mìn
- Min Dong (BUC): màng / mìng
- Min Nan (POJ): bêng / bîn / miâ / mê / mêe / mî / môa / mâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): men (T3); min (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: ming2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
- IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ming4
- Yale: mìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4
- IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn
- Hakka Romanization System: minˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: min2
- IPA: /min¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: màng / mìng
- IPA (key): /maŋ⁵³/, /miŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- màng - vernacular;
- mìng - literary.
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mê
- Tâi-lô: mê
- Phofsit Daibuun: mee
- IPA (Xiamen): /mẽ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe
- Tâi-lô: mêe
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
- Tâi-lô: mî
- Phofsit Daibuun: mii
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
- Tâi-lô: muâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
- IPA (Quanzhou): /muã²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ
- Tâi-lô: mâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: maa
- IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³/
Note:
- bêng - literary;
- bîn, miâ - vernacular;
- mê/mêe/mî/môa/mâ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 明年).
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: men (T3); min (T3)
- IPA (key): /məɲ²³/, /mɪɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Note:
- 3men - vernacular;
- 3min - literary.
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 武兵切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/mˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/mᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/miaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/miajŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/miɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/mĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/mi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
míng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
míng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mjæng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*mraŋ/ |
| English | bright |
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9188 |
| Phonetic component |
明 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
明 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mraŋ/ |
Definitions[edit]
明
- bright; light; brilliant
- clear; limpid
- tomorrow
- next; following
- to understand
- (～朝) Ming dynasty
- A surname, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 明
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
明
Readings[edit]
- Goon: みょう (myō, Jōyō)←みやう (myau, historical)
- Kan’on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
- Tōon: みん (min)
- Kun: あかるい (akarui, 明るい, Jōyō); あきらか (akiraka, 明らか, Jōyō); あける (akeru, 明ける, Jōyō); あかす (akasu, 明かす, Jōyō); あくる (akuru, 明くる, Jōyō); あからむ (akaramu, 明らむ, Jōyō); あかり (akari, 明かり, Jōyō); あかるむ (akarumu, 明るむ, Jōyō); あく (aku, 明く, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あ (a); あか (aka); あかり (akari); あかる (akaru); あき (aki); あきら (akira); あけ (ake); あける (akeru); きよし (kiyoshi); くに (kuni); さとし (satoshi); てる (teru); とおる (tōru); とし (toshi); なお (nao); のり (nori); はじめ (hajime); はる (haru); ひろ (hiro); み (mi); みつ (mitsu); よし (yoshi)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 暁 (akatsuki): dawn, daybreak
- 明白 (akarasama): plain, frank, candid
- 赤 (aka): red
- 明々と (akāka to), 赤々と (akāka to): brilliantly, clearly
- 明らか (akiraka): obvious, clear, evident
- 明け (ake): dawn, daybreak
Proper noun[edit]
明 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)
- A male given name
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
明 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune-Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
明 (minh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
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- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Min Dong proper nouns
- Min Nan proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Chinese Han characters
- Chinese surnames
- zh:Chinese dynasties
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading みん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-るい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あき-らか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-ける
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-かす
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-くる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-らむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-かり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あか-るむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あ-く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading めい
- Japanese kanji with goon reading みょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading みやう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あかり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あかる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あけ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading くに
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さとし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading てる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とおる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なお
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はじめ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 明
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
