明

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See also: 日月
明 U+660E, 明
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660E
← 昍
[U+660D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昏 →
[U+660F]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character[edit]

明 (radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月 (AB), four-corner 67020, composition ⿰日月)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 491, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
  • Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1491, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+660E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 明
alternative forms 朙
眀
𤰾

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 明
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
明-oracle.svg 明-bronze.svg 明-silk.svg 明-ancient.svg 明-seal.svg 明-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (明) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
莔 *mraːŋ, *qʰɯd
明 *mraŋ
盟 *mraŋ, *mraːŋs
萌 *mreːŋ
奣 *ʔmraːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.

Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:

  • 朙 < 囧 (“window”) + 月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
  • 眀 < 目 (“eye”) + 月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to 明. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙.
  • 𤰾 < 田 + 月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.

Etymology[edit]

Of either Proto-Sino-Tibetan origin, compare

Or from Austroasiatic, cognate with 亮 (OC *raŋs, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007). For more see 亮 (OC *raŋs).

盟 (OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs, “covenant”) is a derivative (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: míngr - "tomorrow".
Note:
  • mìn - literary;
  • miàng, màng - vernacular.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • màng - vernacular;
    • mìng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • bêng - literary;
    • bîn, miâ - vernacular;
    • mê/mêe/mî/môa/mâ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 明年).
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3men - vernacular;
    • 3min - literary.
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 明
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 武兵切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mˠiæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mᵚiaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/miajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/miɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯ɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		míng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 明
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		míng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjæng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mraŋ/
    English bright

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 明
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9188
    Phonetic
    component         		明
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		明
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mraŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    明

    1. bright; light; brilliant
    2. clear; limpid
    3. tomorrow
    4. next; following
    5. to understand
      講明 / 讲明  ―  jiǎngmíng  ―  to explain
    6. (～朝) Ming dynasty
    7. A surname​, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing
    8. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡏ (m-)

    See also[edit]

    Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
    Name Time period Divisions
    Xia
    夏 (～朝, ～代)     		2070 – 1600 BCE
    Shang
    商 (～朝, ～代)
    殷 (～朝, ～代)     		1600 – 1046 BCE
    Zhou
    周 (～朝, ～代)     		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
    西周
    Eastern Zhou
    東周／东周    		 Spring and Autumn period
    春秋
    Warring States period
    戰國／战国
    Qin
    秦 (～朝, ～代)     		221 – 206 BCE
    Han
    漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)     		206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
    西漢／西汉
    Xin
    新 (～朝)
    Eastern Han
    東漢／东汉
    Three Kingdoms
    三國／三国     		220 – 280 CE Wei
    魏
    Shu
    蜀
    Wu
    吳／吴
    Jin
    晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)     		265 – 420 CE Western Jin
    西晉／西晋
    Eastern Jin
    東晉／东晋
    Southern and Northern dynasties
    南北朝     		420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
    北朝    		 Northern Wei
    北魏
    Western Wei
    西魏
    Eastern Wei
    東魏／东魏
    Northern Zhou
    北周
    Northern Qi
    北齊／北齐
    Southern dynasties
    南朝    		 Liu Song
    劉宋／刘宋
    Southern Qi
    南齊／南齐
    Liang
    梁 (～朝, ～代)
    Chen
    陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
    Sui
    隋 (～朝, ～代)     		581 – 618 CE
    Tang
    唐 (～朝, ～代)     		618 – 907 CE
    Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
    五代十國／五代十国     		907 – 960 CE
    Liao
    遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)     		907 – 1125 CE
    Song
    宋 (～朝, ～代)     		960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
    北宋
    Southern Song
    南宋
    Western Xia
    西夏     		1038 – 1227 CE
    Jin
    金 (～朝, ～代)     		1115 – 1234 CE
    Western Liao
    西遼／西辽     		1124 – 1218 CE
    Yuan
    元 (～朝, ～代)     		1271 – 1368 CE
    Ming
    明 (～朝, ～代)     		1368 – 1644 CE
    Qing
    清 (～朝, ～代)     		1636 – 1912 CE

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 明

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (明):

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. clear
    2. tomorrow
    3. bright

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    明 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

    1. A male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    明 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    明: Hán Việt readings: minh (眉(mi)兵(binh)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    明: Nôm readings: mừng[1][2][3][4][5], minh[2][5], mầng[2][5], miêng[3][5], mênh[3]

    1. Hán tự form of minh (“bright; clear”).
    2. Hán tự form of Minh (“given name”).
    3. Nôm form of mừng.

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    明

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