今

See also: 令

今	U+4ECA, 今 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECA

← 仉
[U+4EC9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

介 →
[U+4ECB]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Mainland China

Stroke order
All regions except mainland China

Alternative forms[edit]

In all regions except mainland China, the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a horizontal 一 line.
In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form), the stroke between 𠆢 and ㇇ for 今 (and its derived characters) is written with a slanting 丶 dot instead.
In the historical Kangxi dictionary, the component below 𠆢 is written 一 followed by 𠃍 instead.

Han character[edit]

今 (radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓 (OIN) or 人一弓 (OMN), four-corner 8020₇, composition ⿱亽㇇(G) or ⿱亼㇇(HTJKV))

Derived characters[edit]

仱, 吟, 坅, 妗, 岒, 忴, 扲, 汵, 昑, 肣, 枔, 㲐, 玪, 矜, 砛, 紟(𫄛), 耹, 䑤, 蚙, 衿, 訡, 赺, 趻, 軡, 鈐(钤), 䩂, 靲, 䪩, 䰼, 鹶, 黅, 黔, 霒, 䶃, 䶖, 㪁, 欦, 雂, 鳹, 㕂, 岑, 庈, 芩, 笒, 棽, 琴, 含, 念, 侌, 衾, 貪(贪), 酓, 霠

References[edit]

Wikidata has structured data related to:

今

Wikidata

KangXi: page 91, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 358
Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 105, character 5
Unihan data for U+4ECA

Chinese[edit]

trad.		今
simp. ^#		今
variant forms		𫢉 ⿱𠆢𬼽 ⿱𠆢下

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 今

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu Slip and silk script

Qin slip script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Oracle bone script**
j12838	j12839	j12840	j12841	j12842	j12843	j12844	j12845
j12846	j12847	j12848	j12849	j12850	j12851	j12852	j12853
j12854	j12856	j12857	j12858	j12859	j12860	j12861	j12862
j12863	j12864	j12865	j12866	j12867	j12868	j12869	j12870
j12871	j12872	j12873	j12874	j12875	j12876	j12877	j12878
j12879	j12880	j12881	j12882	j12883	j12884	j12885	j12886
j12887	j12888	j12889	j12890	j12891	j12892	j12893	j12894
j12895	j12896	j12897	j12898	j12899	j12900	j12901	j12902
j12903	j12904	j12905	j12906	j12907	j12908	j12909	j12910
j12911	j12912	j12914	j12915	j12916	j12917	j12918	j12919
j12920	j12921	j12922	j12923	j12924	j12925	j12926	j12927
j12928	j12929	j12930	j12931	j12932	j12933	j12934	j12935
j12936	j12937	j12938	j12939	j12940	j12941	j12942	j12943
j12944	j12945	j12946	j12947	j12948	j12949	j12950	j12951
j12952	j12953	j12954	j12955	j12956	j12957	j12958	j12959
j12960	j12961	j12962	j12963	j12964	j12965	j12966	j12967
j12968	j12969	j12970	j12971	j12972	j12973	j12974	j12975
j12976	j12977	j12978	j12979	j12980	j12981	j12982	j12983
j12984	j12985	j12986	j12987	j12988	j12989	j12990	j12991
j12992	j12993	j12994	j12995	j12996	j12997	j12998	j12999
j13000	j13001	j13002	j13003	j13004	j13005	j13006	j13007
j13008	j13009	j13010	j13011	j13012	j13013	j13014	j13015
j13016	j13017	j13018	j13019	j13020	j13021	j13022	j13023
j13024

**Bronze inscriptions**
b08008	b08009	b08010	b08011	b08012	b08013	b08014	b08015
b08016	b08017	b08018	b08019	b08020	b08021	b08022	b08023
b08024	b08025	b08026	b08027	b08028	b08029

**Small seal script**
s03768

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L12486	L12487	L12488	L12489	L12490	L12491	L12492	L12493
L12494	L12495	L12496	L12497

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	l̥ʰuːms, luːms
酓	qʰɯːm, qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	qʰɯːm, ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	ɡɯːm, ɡɯːmʔ
頷	ɡɯːm, ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	ɡɯːmʔ, ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	qɯːm, qaːb
韽	qɯːm, qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	qʰrɯːm, kʰjam, qʰlɯːm, ɡrɯms
欦	qʰrɯːmʔ, qʰram, kʰlam, kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	ɡram, ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	ɡram, ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	sɡɯm, sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	sɡrɯm, ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	ŋɡrɯm, ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	qʰrɯm, qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	qrɯmʔ, qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	ɡrɯn, ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Ideogram (指事) – in the mouth. The derivative 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîm
Min Bei (KCR): gíng
Min Dong (BUC): gĭng
Min Nan (POJ): kin / kim / taⁿ
Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: chin¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (今兒／今儿)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīnr
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄦ
  - Wade–Giles: chinrh¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiel
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjəɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹
  - Yale: gām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim¹
  - IPA: /kim²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gíng
  - IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
  - IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kin / kim / taⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kin / kim / tann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kyn, kym, dvaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/, /tã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kin³³/, /kim³³/, /tã³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/, /tã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/, /tã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴⁴/, /kim⁴⁴/, /tã⁴⁴/

Note:

kin - colloquial;
kim - literary;
taⁿ - semantic (also written as 旦 (dàn) or 當／当 (dāng)).

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jin (T1)
- IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪm/▼

Rime
Character	今
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	居吟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/
Li Rong	/kjəm/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]r[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	今
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ kim ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]r[ə]m/
English	now
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	今
Reading #	1/1
No.	6599
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	金
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/
Notes	文源謂含初文

Definitions[edit]

今

now; at present; current
- 今日事，今日畢。 / 今日事，今日毕。 ― Jīnrì shì, jīnrì bì. ― to have today's matters completed today.
(literary, idiomatic) modern times
Antonyms: 古 (gǔ)
- 古往今來 / 古往今来 ― gǔwǎngjīnlái ― from ancient to modern times.
this
Synonyms: 此 (cǐ), 這／这 (zhè)
- 今次 ― jīncì ― this time
(Classical Chinese) thus; promptly
A surname.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 現在 (“now”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		當今、此時、方今、今朝、如今、而今
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		現在、現今、當今、此時、此刻、如今、而今
Mandarin	Beijing	現在、現而今
	Taiwan	現在
	Harbin	現在、現如今、現下、現前兒
	Shenyang	現在
	Hailar	現在
	Ulan Hot	現在
	Tongliao	現在
	Chifeng	現在
	Bayanhot	現在
	Jinan	現在、如今、現如今
	Muping	這時晚兒、現時晚兒
	Luoyang	現在、而今、現如今
	Jiedian	人根、移根
	Xi'an	致兒、現在
	Xuzhou	眼今、眼是、腳底下、現如今、現而今 dated、至而今 dated
	Yinchuan	現在
	Lanzhou	賈
	Ürümqi	眼下、現在
	Wuhan	如今、此如今
	Chengdu	這陣子、這陣、這哈兒、這個時候、現在
	Guiyang	這下、這崗、掌、這歇、這個時候
	Liuzhou	一寁
	Kunming	現在
	Yangzhou	現在
	Nanjing	現在
	Hefei	而今、如今
Cantonese	Guangzhou	而家、家下、家陣
	Hong Kong	而家、家下、家陣
	Dongguan	家下、那下
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	那下
	Taishan	該時
	Yangjiang	果陣
	Xinyi	個陣
	Nanning	而家、而卡
	Wuzhou	家陣、而家
	Kuala Lumpur	而家
Gan	Nanchang	現在、如今
	Lichuan	該行崽
	Pingxiang	該仔、如今
Hakka	Meixian	今下、今仔下
	Xingning	如下
	Huidong	今下
	Qujiang	如今
	Xiaosanjiang	如今
	Changting	如今
	Pingyu	今
	Wuping	今下
	Liancheng	已久
	Ninghua	今子
	Yudu	如今
	Ruijin	如今、今下子
	Shicheng	今底
	Shangyou	如今
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	這下、現下、今下、今時、今這下
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	這下、現下、今嘎、今這下
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	這下、現下、今這下
	Dongshi (Dabu)	這下、現下、今這下、這滿
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	這下、現下、今這下、今下、今時
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	這下、現時、今這下、這滿
	Hong Kong	今下
	Senai	今下
Huizhou	Jixi	爾歇
Huizhou	Shexian	爾扎兒
Jin	Taiyuan	如今、而今
	Xinzhou	現時
	Baochang	現在
	Jining	這會兒
	Hohhot	這會兒
	Baotou	這會兒
	Dongsheng	這會兒
	Linhe	這咱會兒
	Haibowan	如今
Min Bei	Jian'ou	迦今、今迦、現刻
	Dikou	迦
	Zhenqian	迦
	Wuyishan	今下
	Shibei	迦、今下
Min Dong	Fuzhou	現時、現刻、現在、現今、仱
	Fuqing	現時
	Ningde	現在、仱
	Fuding	足古
Min Nan	Xiamen	這陣、這滿、這輒仔、這輒、這站仔、這站、這幫、現此時、現時、今
	Quanzhou	這陣、這站仔、這站、這幫、現此時、現時、現當今、今
	Zhangzhou	這陣、這輒仔、這輒、這站仔、這站、這幫、現此時、現時、現此在、現在、現曾、今
	Taipei	這馬、這站 mT、現此時 mT
	Kaohsiung	今、這時、這陣、這馬
	Tainan	今、這時、這陣、這馬
	Taichung	這馬、這陣
	Wuqi	這馬
	Hsinchu	這陣、這馬
	Taitung	這馬
	Lukang	這陣、這馬、這路尾
	Sanxia	這馬
	Yilan	今、這陣、這馬
	Kinmen	這陣
	Magong	這陣、今、這馬
	Penang	今仔、當今
	Singapore	這時、這陣、當今
	Philippines (Manila)	這陣
	Chaozhou	此在、現在、現時
	Johor Bahru	現在
	Wenchang	現旦
	Haikou	現旦
	Leizhou	現旦
Puxian Min	Putian	丁
Puxian Min	Xianyou	丁
Pinghua	Nanning	而今
Wu	Shanghai	現在、乃
	Suzhou	現在、姑歇、哀歇、該歇
	Hangzhou	記歇
	Wenzhou	恁界、恁仰界
	Chongming	那末
	Danyang	格歇候、格娘收、現在
	Jinhua	格孑
Xiang	Changsha	如今、如至今、如嶄、現在
	Shuangfeng	侯基
	Xiangtan	咯如在
	Loudi	而界、如今
Note	mT - mainstream Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 今

不今不古
乃今
事到如今 (shìdàorújīn)
于今
亙古亙今／亘古亘今
今上 (jīnshàng)
今不如昔
今世 (jīnshì)
今世說／今世说
今人 (jīnrén)
今來／今来
今來古往／今来古往
今兒／今儿 (jīnr)
今兒個／今儿个 (jīnrgè)
今古奇觀／今古奇观
今古學派／今古学派
今夕
今夕何夕
今夜 (jīnyè)
今天 (jīntiān)
今宵 (jīnxiāo)
今年 (jīnnián)
今後／今后 (jīnhòu)
今愁古恨
今文 (jīnwén)
今文家
今文尚書／今文尚书
今文經／今文经
今日 (jīnrì)
今日事，今日畢／今日事，今日毕 (jīnrì shì, jīnrì bì)
今旦
今昔 (jīnxī)
今昔之感
今是昨非
今晚 (jīnwǎn)
今朝 (jīnzhāo)
今生 (jīnshēng)
今生今世 (jīnshēngjīnshì)
今番 (jīnfān)
今茲／今兹
今草
今譯／今译
今隸／今隶
今雨
今非昔比 (jīnfēixībǐ)
今音

Japanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

𫝆

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: こん (kon, Jōyō)^{←こん (kon, historical)}^{←こむ (komu, ancient)}
Kan’on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)}^{←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
Kun: いま (ima, 今, Jōyō)
Nanori: な (na)

Compounds[edit]

Terms derived from 今

今 (きょ)日 (う) (kyō): today
今 (こん)度 (ど) (kondo): this time; recent; previous; another
今 (こん)後 (ご) (kongo): from now on
今 (こん)晩 (ばん) (konban): tonight; this evening
今 (こん)週 (しゅう) (konshū): this week
今回 (こんかい) (konkai): this time; lately
今宵 (こよい) (koyoi): tonight; this evening
今年 (ことし) (kotoshi): this year
今月 (こんげつ) (kongetsu): this month

Kanji in this term
今
いま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) いま [íꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ima̠]

Adverb[edit]

今 (hiragana いま, rōmaji ima)

Related terms[edit]

すぐ (sugu)
すぐに (sugu ni)

Noun[edit]

今 (hiragana いま, rōmaji ima)

now; present
今 (いま)を生 (い)きる
ima o ikiru
live in the now

今 (いま)はもうない。
Ima wa mō nai.
It does not exist any more. (lit. "now it is no longer existing.")
just now
Synonym: さっき

今 (いま)の声 (こえ)
ima no koe
that voice just now

Synonyms[edit]

現在 (げんざい) (genzai)

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from 今 (いま) (ima):

中今 (なかいま) (nakaima, “the present; as a privileged moment in eternity”)
今 (いま)どき (imadoki): these days
今 (いま)まで (imamade): until now; so far
今 (いま)や (imaya): nowadays
今一 (いまひと)つ (imahitotsu): one more; another; slightly lacking
今一度 (いまいちど) (imaichido): once more
今時 (いまどき) (imadoki): Alternative form of 今 (いま)どき (imadoki)

Proper noun[edit]

今 (hiragana こん, rōmaji Kon)

A surname.

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

今 (eumhun 이제 금 (ije geum))

now; at present

Compounds[edit]

今方/금방 (geumbang)
方今/방금 (banggeum)

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

今: Hán Việt readings: kim, câm
今: Nôm readings: căm, câm, cầm, kim, ngấm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nguyễn (2014).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

今

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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