初
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
初 (radical 18 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 37220, composition ⿰衤刀)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 137, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1911
- Dae Jaweon: page 310, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 327, character 22
- Unihan data for U+521D
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
初 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 初
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): co1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhû
- Min Dong (BUC): chĕ̤ / chŭ
- Min Nan (POJ): chho͘ / chhoe / chhe
- Wu (Wiktionary): tshu (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ
- Wade-Giles: ch'u1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chu
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: co1
- Yale: chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso1
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhû
- Hakka Romanization System: cu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu1
- IPA: /t͡sʰu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĕ̤ / chŭ
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰœ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tshu (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰv̩ʷ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 初 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 楚居切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ʃʰɨʌ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ʃʰiɔ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ʃʰiɔ/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ʃʰĭo/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chū |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 初 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsrhjo › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ts]ʰra/ |
| English | beginning |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 初 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1589 |
| Phonetic component |
初 |
| Rime group |
魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
初 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sʰra/ |
Definitions[edit]
初
- initial; inceptive
- original; first; primary
- elementary; basic
- beginning; start
- initially; originally
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 初
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
初
Readings[edit]
- Goon: そ (so)
- Kan’on: しょ (sho)
- Kun: はじめ (hajime), はつ (hatsu), うい (ui)
- Nanori: はじめ (hajime), し (shi), もと (moto)
Compounds[edit]
- 初雪 (hatsuyuki): the first snow
- 初心 (shoshin): original intention
- 初心者 (shoshinsha): beginner
- 最初 (saisho): first
- 初速度 (shosokudo): initial velocity
- 初夏 (shoka): the beginning of summer
- 初春 (shoshun): the beginning of spring
- 初秋 (shoshū): the beginning of autumn
- 初冬 (shotō): the beginning of winter
- 初誕生 (hatsutanjō): first birthday
- 初々しい (uiuishī): innocent
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 初 |
| うい Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
upi > uɸi > uwi > ui.
Noun[edit]
初 (hiragana うい, romaji ui, historical hiragana うひ)
- the first; a start
Prefix[edit]
初 (hiragana うい, romaji ui-, historical hiragana うひ)
- first
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 初 |
| はつ Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
patu > ɸatu > hatu
Noun[edit]
初 (hiragana はつ, romaji hatsu)
- the first; a start
- 今年初のコンサート
- kotoshi hatsu no konsāto
- the first concert of this year
- 今年初のコンサート
- first sexual relations
Prefix[edit]
初 (hiragana はつ, romaji hatsu-)
- first
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 初 |
| Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).
Proper noun[edit]
初 (hiragana はじめ, romaji Hajime)
- A male given name
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
初 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune-Reischauer ch'o)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
初 (sơ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- Han script characters
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
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- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Min Dong adverbs
- Min Nan adverbs
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese hanzi
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese Han characters
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 4 kanji
- Japanese kanji read as そ
- Japanese kanji read as しょ
- Japanese terms spelled with 初 read as うい
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 初
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese terms spelled with 初 read as はつ
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
