末
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Translingual[edit]
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|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
末 (radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木十 (DJ), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 509, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14420
- Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1150, character 2
- Unihan data for U+672B
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
末 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
Ideogram (指事): a tree (木) with its top highlighted with an extra stroke, implying the meaning of “apex”; contrast 本, 朱.
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
末
- tip; treetop
- 末梢 ― mòshāo ― tip; end
- 明足以察秋毫之末，而不見輿薪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, circa 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Míng zúyǐ chá qiūháo zhī mò, ér bùjiàn yúxīn. [Pinyin]
- [M]y eyesight is sharp enough to examine the point of an autumn hair, but I do not see a cart-load of firewood.
明足以察秋毫之末，而不见舆薪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (by extension) effect; result
- 本末 ― běnmò ― cause and effect
- late or the last stage; conclusion; close
- final; the last; concluding; closing; terminal
- insignificant; trivial; inferior; low-priority; low-class
- powder; fine particulate matter
- 粉末 ― fěnmò ― powder
- (literary, dated) not; none; no (negative indicator)
- 子曰：「不曰『如之何如之何』者，吾末如之何也已矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Bù yuē ‘rúzhīhé rúzhīhé’ zhě, wú mò rúzhīhé yě yǐ yǐ.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "When a man is not in the habit of saying, 'What shall I think of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing with him."
子曰：“不曰‘如之何如之何’者，吾末如之何也已矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 末不亦樂乎堯舜之知君子也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Mò bùyì lèhū Yáoshùn zhī zhī Jūnzǐ yě? [Pinyin]
- Is it not (literally, a double negative) also a joyful truth, that the ancient sages like Yao and Shun had known that a Noble One would go on to keep their teachings alive?
末不亦乐乎尧舜之知君子也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- mo (a category of male roles in traditional Chinese theatre and opera)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 末
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
末
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
末
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: まち (machi); まつ (matsu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ばつ (batsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: うら (ura, 末); うれ (ure, 末); おわり (owari, 末わり)←をはり (wofari, historical); すえ (sue, 末, Jōyō)←すゑ (suwe, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 末 |
| すえ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from 720] the tip or top of a plant
- [from 712] the tip or end of something
- [from 720] the top or peak of a mountain
- [from 1205] the edge or verge of a road or field
- Synonym: 外れ (hazure)
- [from early 1000s] a descendant
- [from 720] the future, later, after
- [from early 800s] the end of a period of time
- [from early 1000s] (by extension) old age, the end period of a lifetime
- Synonym: 晩年 (bannen, literally “evening years”)
- [from 1435] (by extension) a degraded world, a world with low morals and corrupt politics
- Synonym: 末の世 (sue no yo)
- [from late 1500s] the end of a month, the latter third of a month
- Synonym: 下旬 (gejun)
- [from early 1000s] some time considerably later
- [from early 1000s] the result, outcome, or trace, remains of something having been done
- [from 1120] the direction in which someone has gone or will go
- Synonym: 方向 (hōkō)
- [from early 1000s] the youngest or last child
- Synonym: 末子 (sueko)
- [from early 1000s] youth, childhood
- Synonym: 幼少 (yōshō)
- [from early 1000s] the lowest seat, the seat at the foot of a table; the lowest rank
- [from early 900s] the last two seven-mora stanzas or lines of a 短歌 (tanka) poem
- [from early 1000s] the end of a sentence or word
- [from mid-1000s] the latter portion of a book or serial
- Synonym: 後編 (kōhen)
- [from 1182] the origin, the starting point
- [from 1435] (historical) the interior rooms of a palace or manor where maids worked; a maid who worked in such a household
- Synonym: 御末 (osue)
- [from 1682] a low class or grade; an item of low class or grade
- [unknown] something minor, a trifle
- [from 1179] downstream
- [from late 800s] (kagura, music) in a 神楽 (kagura) performance, the seats on the right side facing the altar or shrine; the performers playing in these seats
- Synonym: 末方 (suekata)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 末 |
| うら Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from 759] (archaic) the tip or top of a plant
- [from late 1500s] (archaic) the tip or end of something
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 末 |
| うれ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū completed in 759.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 末 |
| まつ Grade: 4 |
| goon |
From Middle Chinese 末 (MC muɑt̚).
First attested in Japanese in 1120.[1]
Noun[edit]
- [from 1120] powder
- [from 1804] (theater) in traditional Chinese theater, an extra, a minor part
- Synonym: (extra or minor part in any theatrical tradition) 端役 (hayaku)
Suffix[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- end, last
- flour, powder
- something coarse
Usage notes[edit]
- ^ This was authored by several scholars at the direction of King Sejong of Yi Dynasty, concerning the folk medical herb gathering by month.
- ^ Cited by: 南廣祐 (1997). 敎學古語辭典. 敎學社. p. 538.
- ^ "末栗" is a hanja rendering for 말밤(mal-bam), the origin of 마름(mareum, 菱) "water caltrop, water chestnut," literally, "coarse chestnut" such as "horse-chestnut".
- ^ Meaning "water caltrop, (also implausibly) water chestnut." Another likely literal reading is malryul.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
末: Hán Nôm readings: mạt, mất, mặt, mết, mệt, mượt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading まち
- Japanese kanji with goon reading まつ
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- ja:Music
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- ja:Theater
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