菱

See also: 蔆

菱	U+83F1, 菱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83F1

← 菰
[U+83F0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

菲 →
[U+83F2]

菱	U+F958, 菱 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F958

← 綾
[U+F957]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

陵 →
[U+F959]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

菱 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土金水 (TGCE), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱艹夌)

Derived characters[edit]

𡡷

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1039, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31219
Dae Jaweon: page 1498, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3229, character 1
Unihan data for U+83F1

Unihan data for U+F958

Chinese[edit]

trad.		菱
simp. ^#		菱
alternative forms		蔆䔖𧅊𧁽

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
棱	*rɯːŋ
稜	*rɯːŋ
輘	*rɯːŋ
倰	*rɯːŋ
祾	rɯːŋ, rɯŋ
踜	*rɯːŋs
凌	*rɯŋ
菱	*rɯŋ
陵	*rɯŋ
綾	*rɯŋ
鯪	*rɯŋ
淩	*rɯŋ
夌	*rɯŋ
蔆	*rɯŋ
崚	*rɯŋ
掕	*rɯŋ
𩜁	*rɯŋs
庱	r̥ʰɯŋ, r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖	*r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): líng (ling²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): len³
Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lìn

(Meixian, Guangdong): lin²
Jin (Wiktionary): ling¹
Northern Min (KCR): lâing / lěng
Eastern Min (BUC): lèng / lìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ / noi⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶lin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: líng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: líng
  - Wade–Giles: ling²
  - Yale: líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: len³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /len²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: linˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lin²
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ling¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing / lěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/, /leiŋ²¹/

Note:

lâing - vernacular;
lěng - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lèng / lìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiŋ⁵³/, /l̃iŋ⁵³/

Note:

lèng - vernacular;
lìng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lêng⁵ / noi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / nôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/, /noi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - MiniDict: lin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹³/

Middle Chinese: ling

Rime
Character	菱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力膺切
Baxter	ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菱
Reading #	1/1
No.	8245
Phonetic component	夌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陵
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/
Notes	同蔆，省文，見呂氏春秋

Definitions[edit]

菱

water caltrop; water chestnut (Trapa natans)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 菱角 (“water caltrop”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		菱角, 菱
Taxonomic name		菱
Mandarin	Beijing	菱角
	Taiwan	菱角
	Tianjin	菱角, 烏菱, 老烏菱
	Tangshan	菱角
	Cangzhou	菱角兒
	Baoding	老菱角, 菱角
	Shijiazhuang	菱角
	Chifeng	菱角
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	菱角
	Harbin	菱角
	Shenyang	菱角
	Qingdao	菱角
	Jinan	菱角
	Luoyang	菱角
	Zhengzhou	菱角
	Xi'an	菱角兒
	Yinchuan	菱角
	Lanzhou	菱角
	Xining	菱角
	Ürümqi	菱角
	Wuhan	菱角
	Chengdu	菱角
	Chongqing	菱角兒
	Guiyang	菱角
	Kunming	菱角
	Guilin	菱角
	Liuzhou	菱角
	Xuzhou	菱角
	Yangzhou	菱角, 菱, 老菱
	Nanjing	菱角, 老菱
	Hefei	菱角
	Nantong	菱角
	Singapore	菱角
Cantonese	Guangzhou	菱角
	Hong Kong	菱角
	Taishan	菱角
Gan	Lichuan	菱角
Gan	Pingxiang	菱角
Hakka	Meixian	菱角
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	羊角仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	菱角
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	羊角仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	羊角
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	羊角仔, 羊角
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	菱角
Huizhou	Jixi	菱角
Huizhou	Shexian	菱角
Jin	Taiyuan	菱角
	Xinzhou	菱角兒
	Linhe	菱角
	Jining	菱角
	Hohhot	菱角
	Zhangjiakou	菱角
	Handan	菱角
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	菱角
Southern Min	Xiamen	菱角
	Tainan	菱角
	Singapore (Hokkien)	菱角
	Singapore (Teochew)	菱角
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	菱角
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	菱角
Wu	Shanghai	菱
	Shanghai (Chongming)	菱
	Suzhou	菱
	Hangzhou	老菱
	Ningbo	菱
	Wenzhou	黃菱
	Jinhua	菱角
Xiang	Changsha	菱角
Xiang	Loudi	菱角子

(archaic) 芰 (jì)

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

菱

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

diamond (shape); rhombus

Readings[edit]

Go-on: りょう (ryō)
Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
Kun: ひし (hishi, 菱)

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

ヒシ

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
菱
ひし Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) ひし [hìshí] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [çiɕi]

Noun[edit]

菱(ひし) or 菱(ヒシ) • (hishi)

water caltrop

Usage notes[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒシ.

Derived terms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

菱 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)

(마름): water caltrop, compare water chestnut.

Usage notes[edit]

It may be implausible to use water chestnut synonymously or confusingly, which is also synonymous to Eleocharis dulcis which is not closely related to water caltrop.