春
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See also: 萅
Translingual[edit]
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Alternative forms[edit]
There are minor differences in where the last stroke of the top component (top-left to bottom-right diagonal) starts – on the second horizontal stroke or on the third.
Han character[edit]
春 (radical 72 日+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手大日 (QKA), four-corner 50603, composition ⿱𡗗日)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 493, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13844
- Dae Jaweon: page 856, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1496, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6625
See also[edit]
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
春 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 春
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (屯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 躉 | *tuːnʔ |
| 窀 | *rduːn, *duːn, *tun |
| 沌 | *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 盹 | *tuːnʔ, *tjuns |
| 頓 | *tuːns |
| 扽 | *tuːns |
| 黗 | *tʰuːn, *tʰuːnʔ |
| 吨 | *tʰuːnʔ |
| 屯 | *duːn, *tun |
| 飩 | *duːn |
| 豘 | *duːn |
| 軘 | *duːn |
| 坉 | *duːn |
| 邨 | *duːn, *stʰuːn |
| 忳 | *duːn |
| 芚 | *duːn |
| 庉 | *duːn, *duːnʔ |
| 囤 | *duːnʔ |
| 迍 | *tun |
| 杶 | *tʰun |
| 瑃 | *tʰun |
| 椿 | *tʰun |
| 偆 | *tʰunʔ, *tʰjunʔ |
| 肫 | *tjun |
| 訰 | *tjun, *tjuns |
| 純 | *tjunʔ, *djun |
| 春 | *tʰjun |
| 蠢 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 踳 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 惷 | *tʰjunʔ |
| 蒓 | *djun |
| 賰 | *hljunʔ |
| 鬊 | *hljuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰjun): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun, “sprout”) + semantic 日 (“sun”).
The character 春 itself is probably a variant of 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun) as they are equivalent for the meaning “spring” in Old Chinese literature.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn
- Min Dong (BUC): chŭng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ
- Wade-Giles: ch'un1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuen
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
-
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cun1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cun
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ceon1
- Yale: chēun
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen1
- Guangdong Romanization: cên1
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰɵn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn
- Hakka Romanization System: cun´
- Hagfa Pinyim: cun1
- IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tshen (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰəɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 春 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ /t͡sʰuən²¹/ |
|
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuẽ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /p͡fʰẽ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /p͡fʰə̃n³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰyn⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰuən⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰuen⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰun³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuən²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡sʰəŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷen³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰoŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰyan¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰyn³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰun⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʃʰun²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰyn⁵⁵/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰuŋ³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /sun²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 春 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) |
| Final (韻) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 昌脣切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕʰʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕʰjuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cʰwin/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chūn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 春 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chūn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyhwin › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tʰun/ |
| English | springtime |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 春 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12573 |
| Phonetic component |
屯 |
| Rime group |
文 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
春 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tʰjun/ |
| Notes | 說文從艸從日屯聲，實屯繁化轉註字 |
Definitions[edit]
春
- spring (season)
- 春天 ― chūntiān ― spring
- year; age
- spring scenery
- vitality; liveliness; energy; life
- lust; lustfulness; passion; sexual desire
- 思春期 ― sīchūnqī ― puberty
- a type of liquor which is brewed from spring to winter
See also[edit]
| Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (“spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 春
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
春
- spring (season)
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 小春 (koharu): early autumn, Indian summer
- 小春日和 (koharubiyori): early autumn, Indian summer
- 常春 (tokoharu): everlasting spring
- 初春 (hatsuharu), 初春 (shoshun): early spring, New Year
- 春菊 (shungiku): garland chrysanthemum
- 春秋 (shunjū): spring and autumn, months and years, Chronicles of Lu
- 春秋戦国 (shunjūsengoku): Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China
- 春一番 (haruichiban): first storm of spring
- 春風 (harukaze): spring breeze
- 春霞 (harugasumi) springtime haze
- 春着 (harugi): springwear, New Year's clothes
- 春蚕 (harugo): spring breed of silkworms
- 春先 (harusaki): beginning of spring
- 春雨 (harusame): spring rain, Japanese vermicelli
- 春場所 (harubasho): the spring sumo tournament in Osaka
- 春繭 (harumayu): the spring cocoon crop
- 春休み (haruyasumi): spring break
- 来春 (raishun): next spring
- 翌春 (yokushun): next spring
- 春分 (shunbun) spring equinox, vernal equinox
Pronunciation[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 春 |
| はる Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun[edit]
- spring (season)
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 春めく (harumeku)
See also[edit]
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) | 夏 (natsu, “summer”) | 秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (fuyu, “winter”) |
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
春 • (chun) (hangeul 춘, revised chun, McCune-Reischauer ch'un, Yale chwun)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References[edit]
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio links
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- Mandarin lemmas
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅん
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅん
- Japanese terms spelled with 春 read as はる
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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- Japanese terms spelled with 春
- ja:Seasons
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