及

See also: 乃 and 廴

及 U+53CA, 及 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CA ← 叉 [U+53C9] CJK Unified Ideographs 友 → [U+53CB]

及 U+2F836, 及 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F836 ← 灰 [U+2F835] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 叟 → [U+2F837]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

及 (radical 29, 又+2 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 又+1 in mainland China and Japanese, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 弓竹水 (NHE), four-corner 1724₇, composition ⿻⿹𠄎丿乀(GHJV or U+2F836) or ⿸⿱㇇丿又(TK))

Derived characters

• 伋, 吸, 圾, 㚫, 𭕅, 岋, 㠷, 𢎽, 彶, 忣, 扱, 汲, 𤜯, 𨸚, 𠀨, 昅, 䏜, 极, 𤆣, 𪻏, 𥘜, 﨤, 𥄫, 砐, 𥝥, 衱, 級(级), 𦐏, 䑥, 𫊩, 觙, 訯, 𧲫, 𧹜, 趿, 𨋃, 鈒(钑), 靸, 𩎕, 𩖪, 馺, 𩨞, 魥(𩽹), 𩾶, 䶋, 𠚵, 䲯, 𫲼, 岌, 㧀, 芨, 㽺, 笈, 𦐅, 𨳛, 雭, 𥻾, 㤂

References

• KangXi: page 165, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3118
• Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 35, character 1
• Unihan data for U+53CA

• Unihan data for U+2F836

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		及

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 及
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (及) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
趿	*sqʰɯːb
鈒	*sqʰɯːb, *sqʰrɯb
靸	*sqʰɯːb, *sqʰaːb
馺	*sqʰɯːb
砐	*ŋɡɯːb
魥	*ŋɡɯːb, *kʰab
扱	*skʰrɯːb
笈	*skʰrɯːb, *ɡrab, *ɡab, *ɡrɯb
衱	*ɡrab, *kab
极	*ɡrab, *ɡab
昅	*ɡab
雭	*sqʰrɯb
急	*krɯb
級	*krɯb
汲	*krɯb
芨	*krɯb
伋	*krɯb
彶	*krɯb
及	*ɡrɯb
岌	*ŋɡrɯb
吸	*qʰrɯb

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 人 (“person”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand grabbing a person.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kap⁶, gap⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khi̍p

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kib⁶

• Min Bei (KCR): gĭ
• Min Dong (BUC): gĭk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ki̍p / khi̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gib⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): jjiq (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Wade–Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kap⁶, gap⁶
    • Yale: kahp, gahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kap⁹, gap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: keb⁶, geb⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐp̚²/, /kɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: kib
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kib⁶
    • IPA: /kʰip̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kib⁶
    • IPA: /cʰip̚⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gĭ
    • IPA ^(key): /ki²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭk
    • IPA ^(key): /kiʔ⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki̍p
    • Tâi-lô: ki̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kip
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kip̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi̍p
    • Tâi-lô: khi̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qip
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰip̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰip̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gib⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki̍p
    • IPA ^(key): /kip̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jjiq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑi̯ɪʔ¹²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 及
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi²⁴/ 來不～ /t͡ɕi⁵³/ ～格
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕie³¹/ /t͡ɕi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²/ ～格
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰip̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɐp̚²/
	Nanning	/kɐp̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/kɐp̚²/ /kʰɐp̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kip̚⁵/ /kʰip̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ki²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kip̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kip̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪp̚/▼

Rime
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	其立切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjip̚/
Li Rong	/ɡjəp̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m-k-]rəp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ gip ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-k-]rəp/
English	reach to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
No.	5664
Phonetic component	及
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	及
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯb/

Definitions

及

1. to reach; to extend to
2. to catch up to; to reach the level of
3. to be in time for
4. and; as well as
5. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 及

• 三元及第
• 不及 (bùjí)
• 不可企及 (bùkě qǐjí)
• 不可及
• 不足齒及／不足齿及
• 世及
• 以及 (yǐjí)
• 企及 (qǐjí)
• 來不及／来不及 (láibùjí)
• 來得及／来得及 (láidejí)
• 信及豚魚／信及豚鱼
• 兄死弟及
• 兄終弟及／兄终弟及
• 八及
• 劍及履及／剑及履及
• 力所能及 (lìsuǒnéngjí)
• 危及 (wēijí)
• 又及
• 及今
• 及冠
• 及早 (jízǎo)
• 及時／及时 (jíshí)
• 及時行樂／及时行乐
• 及時雨／及时雨
• 及期
• 及格 (jígé)
• 及熱釜炊／及热釜炊
• 及物動詞／及物动词 (jíwù dòngcí)
• 及瓜
• 及瓜而代
• 及笄 (jíjī)
• 及第 (jídì)
• 及第花
• 及鋒／及锋
• 及鋒而試／及锋而试
• 及門／及门
• 及齡／及龄 (jílíng)
• 唯恐不及
• 噬臍何及／噬脐何及
• 噬臍無及／噬脐无及
• 噬臍莫及／噬脐莫及
• 埃及 (Āijí)

• 埃及曆／埃及历
• 央及 (yāngjí)
• 奈及利亞／奈及利亚 (Nàijílìyà)
• 始料不及
• 始料未及
• 屨及劍及／屨及剑及
• 後悔不及／后悔不及
• 後悔何及／后悔何及
• 後悔無及／后悔无及
• 後悔莫及／后悔莫及
• 恕己及人
• 恕己及物
• 悔之不及
• 悔之亡及
• 悔之何及
• 悔之無及／悔之无及
• 悔之莫及
• 惠及
• 愚不可及
• 愛屋及烏／爱屋及乌 (āiwūjíwū)
• 推及
• 推己及人
• 措不及防
• 措手不及 (cuòshǒu bùjí)
• 提及 (tíjí)
• 擴及／扩及
• 料及 (liàojí)
• 旁及
• 普及 (pǔjí)
• 普及教育
• 普及本
• 普及率 (pǔjílǜ)
• 望塵不及／望尘不及
• 望塵莫及／望尘莫及
• 朝不及夕
• 未及 (wèijí)
• 榮名及親／荣名及亲
• 殃及池魚／殃及池鱼
• 比及 (bǐjí)
• 沒及奈何／没及奈何
• 波及 (bōjí)
• 波及無辜／波及无辜

• 涉及 (shèjí)
• 澤及／泽及
• 澤及枯骨／泽及枯骨
• 無及／无及 (wújí)
• 無所不及／无所不及
• 狀元及第／状元及第
• 狧糠及米
• 猝不及防
• 目光所及
• 等不及 (děngbùjí)
• 累及 (lěijí)
• 聯科及第／联科及第
• 舐糠及米
• 萬不及一／万不及一
• 行不及言
• 觸及／触及 (chùjí)
• 觸手可及／触手可及
• 觸目所及／触目所及
• 言不及私
• 言不及義／言不及义
• 詐奸不及／诈奸不及
• 論及婚嫁／论及婚嫁
• 謀及婦人／谋及妇人
• 走及奔馬／走及奔马
• 趕不及／赶不及
• 趕得及／赶得及
• 迫不及待 (pòbùjídài)
• 追悔不及
• 追悔何及
• 追駟不及／追驷不及
• 進士及第／进士及第 (jìnshì jídì)
• 遍及 (biànjí)
• 過猶不及／过犹不及
• 遙不可及／遥不可及
• 阿爾及爾／阿尔及尔 (Ā'ěrjí'ěr)
• 雞不及鳳／鸡不及凤
• 鞭不及腹
• 鞭長莫及／鞭长莫及 (biānchángmòjí)
• 顧及／顾及 (gùjí)
• 馬不及鞍／马不及鞍 (mǎ bùjí ān)
• 駟不及舌／驷不及舌
• 齒及／齿及

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Japanese

Kanji

及

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. and
2. reach out
3. exert
4. exercise
5. cause

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)^{←ごふ (gofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きふ (kifu, historical)}
• Kun: およぶ (oyobu, 及ぶ, Jōyō); および (oyobi, 及び, Jōyō); およぼす (oyobosu, 及ぼす, Jōyō)
• Nanori: おい (oi)

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Korean

Hanja

及 • (geup) (hangeul 급)

1. extend
2. reach
3. come up to

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Vietnamese

Han character

及 (cập)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.