及

See also: 乃 and 廴

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 及
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – a hand (又, roughly 爪, 肀) grabbing a person 人. The hand has developed into the ㄋ at right.

Unrelated to graphically similar 乃.

Han character

及 (radical 29 又+2 in Chinese, 又+1 in Japanese, in Chinese 4 strokes, in Japanese 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹水 (NHE), four-corner 1724₇)

1. extend
2. reach
3. come up to
4. and

Derived characters

• 吸 汲 級 (级)

References

• KangXi: page 165, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3118
• Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 35, character 1
• Unihan data for U+53CA

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		及

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kap⁶, gap⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi̍p
• Min Nan (POJ): ki̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: chih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kap⁶, gap⁶
    • Yale: kahp, gahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kap⁹, gap⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐp̚²/, /kɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: kib
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kib⁶
    • IPA: /kʰip̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki̍p
    • Tâi-lô: ki̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kip
    • IPA (Taipei): /kip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kip̚¹²¹/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 及
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi²⁴/ 來不～ /t͡ɕi⁵³/ ～格
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕie³¹/ /t͡ɕi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²/ ～格
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰip̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɐp̚²/
	Nanning	/kɐp̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/kɐp̚²/ /kʰɐp̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kip̚⁵/ /kʰip̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ki²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kip̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kip̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪp̚/▼

Rime
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	其立切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjip̚/
Li Rong	/ɡjəp̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[m-k-]rəp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯb/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ gip ›
Old Chinese	/*[m-k-]rəp/
English	reach to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	及
Reading #	1/1
No.	5664
Phonetic component	及
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	及
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯb/

Definitions

及

1. and, as well
2. reach

Compounds

• 可及性

References

• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

及

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: ごう (gō)
• Kan’on: きゅう (kyū)
• Kun: およぶ (oyobu), および (oyobi), およぼす (oyobosu)
• Nanori: おい (oi)

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Korean

Hanja

及 • ‎(geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune-Reischauer kŭp)

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Vietnamese

Han character

及 (cập)

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