交

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交 U+4EA4, 交
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA4
← 亣
[U+4EA3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亥 →
[U+4EA5]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

交 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜金大 (YCK), four-corner 00408, composition ⿱亠父 or ⿱六乂)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 88, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 291
  • Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 282, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EA4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 交
alternative forms 胶

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 交
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b15079

b15080

b15081

b15082

Small seal script

s07496

Transcribed ancient scripts

L07944

L07946

L07947

L07948

L07949

L07950

L07951

L07952

L07953

L07954

L07955

L07956

L07957

L07958

L07959

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烄 *keːws, *kreːwʔ
礮 *pʰreːws
交 *kreːw
郊 *kreːw
茭 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟 *kreːw
鮫 *kreːw
鵁 *kreːw
咬 *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼 *kreːw, *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨 *kreːw, *qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞 *kreːwʔ
狡 *kreːwʔ
姣 *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
筊 *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw
校 *kreːws, *ɡreːws
珓 *kreːws
跤 *kʰreːw
頝 *kʰreːw
骹 *kʰraːw
齩 *ŋɡreːwʔ
洨 *ɡreːw
胶 *ɡreːw
效 *ɡreːws
効 *ɡreːws
傚 *ɡreːws
皎 *keːwʔ
恔 *keːwʔ
晈 *keːwʔ
窔 *qeːws
駮 *pqreːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a human with crossed legs.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rjaw (“mix”); cognate with Burmese ရော (rau:, “to mix”), Jingpho yau (“be mixed”), kəjau (“to mix, intermix”), compare Chepang [script needed] (ljawh-ʔo, “mixed”) and Proto-Mienic *klaau3 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kau - literary;
  • ka/ka̍h - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 交
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古肴切
    Baxter kaew
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠau/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚau/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kau/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨw/
    Li
    Rong         		/kau/
    Wang
    Li         		/kau/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kau/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiāo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaau1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 交
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiāo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ˁraw/
    English cross (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 交
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6296
    Phonetic
    component         		交
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		交
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kreːw/

    Definitions[edit]

    交

    1. to intersect; to cross
      相交  ―  xiàngjiāo  ―  to intersect
      交好運／交好运  ―  jiāo hǎoyùn  ―  to meet with good fortune
    2. to reach (a certain time)
    3. time or place where two things meet
      春夏之交  ―  chūn xià zhī jiāo  ―  when springs changes into summer
      世紀之交／世纪之交  ―  shìjì zhī jiāo  ―  the turn of the century
      地處豫晉兩省之交 [MSC, trad.]
      地处豫晋两省之交 [MSC, simp.]
      dìchù Yù Jìn liǎng shěnɡ zhī jiāo [Pinyin]
      located where the borders of Henan and Shanxi meet
    4. to hand over; to turn in; to submit
      交班  ―  jiāobān  ―  to hand over to the next shift
      交功課／交功课 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gung1 fo3 [Jyutping]  ―  to turn in homework
      交咗租未？ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 zo2 zou1 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Have you paid rent?
      請把任務交給我吧！ [MSC, trad.]
      请把任务交给我吧！ [MSC, simp.]
      Qǐng bǎ rènwù jiāo gěi wǒ ba! [Pinyin]
      Please assign me the task!
    5. to make (friends)
      交朋友  ―  jiāo péngyǒu  ―  to make a friend
      交男朋友  ―  jiāo nánpéngyǒu  ―  to get a boyfriend
    6. friendship; relationship
      邦交  ―  bāngjiāo  ―  diplomatic relations
      泛泛之交  ―  fànfànzhījiāo  ―  acquaintance
      舍命之交  ―  shèmìngzhījiāo  ―  friends who would die for each other
    7. to have sexual intercourse; to mate
      肛交  ―  gāngjiāo  ―  to have anal sex
      雜交／杂交  ―  zájiāo  ―  to hybridize; to crossbreed
    8. mutually; reciprocally
      交談／交谈  ―  jiāotán  ―  to converse
      交易  ―  jiāoyì  ―  to trade
    9. simultaneously; at the same time
    10. 16th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contact" (𝌕)
    11. (obsolete) Alternative form of 跤.
    12. (Hokkien, dated) Used to refer to a private wholesale trading company
      alt. forms: 郊 (jiāo)
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 交

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see 跤 (“tumble; fall; leg; foot; lower limb; etc.”).
    (This character, 交, is the second-round simplified form of 跤.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    交

    1. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) and
    2. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Philippines Hokkien) with; accompanying
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 與, 及
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及
    Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
    Taiwan 跟, 和
    Yantai (Muping) 和
    Jinan 和, 跟, 給
    Wanrong 和
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
    Xi'an 跟, 連
    Yinchuan 連
    Lanzhou 跟, 和
    Xining 帶, 和
    Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
    Wuhan 跟
    Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
    Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
    Guilin 跟, 和
    Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
    Xuzhou 給
    Yangzhou 跟, 交
    Nanjing 告, 跟
    Hefei 跟
    Malaysia 和, 跟
    Singapore 和, 跟
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
    Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
    Hong Kong 同, 同埋
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
    Macau 同, 同埋
    Taishan 同埋
    Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
    Dongguan 同, 同埋
    Yangjiang 鄧, 同
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
    Penang (Guangfu) 同
    Singapore (Guangfu) 同
    Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
    Lichuan 和
    Pingxiang 同, 跟
    Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
    Yudu 澗
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
    Hong Kong 摎
    Kuching (Hepo) 佮
    Huizhou Jixi 搭
    Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
    Xinzhou 給
    Min Bei Jian'ou 邀
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
    Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
    Min Dong Fuzhou 共
    Changle 共
    Fuqing 共
    Yongtai 共
    Gutian 共
    Fu'an 共
    Ningde 共
    Shouning 隨
    Zhouning 傮, 共
    Fuding 跟
    Min Nan Xiamen 佮, 交
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
    Quanzhou 佮, 交
    Zhangzhou 佮
    Tainan 佮
    Penang (Hokkien) 佮
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
    Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
    Chaozhou 佮, 共
    Shantou 佮
    Jieyang 佮
    Singapore (Teochew) 佮
    Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
    Leizhou 共
    Wenchang 共
    Haikou 共
    Qionghai 共
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
    Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
    Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
    Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
    Danyang 同, 跟
    Hangzhou 同
    Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
    Wenzhou 伉
    Jinhua 亨, 跟
    Xiang Changsha 跟
    Loudi 跟
    Shuangfeng 跟, 同

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    交

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to intersect
    2. to keep company with; to mix with
    3. to cross

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Related terms[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    交
    こもごも
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 交 – see the following entry.
    【こもごも】
    [adverb] alternating; one after another
    [adverb] all mixed up and indistinct
    Alternative spellings
    交々, 相, 更
    (This term, 交, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    交 (eumhun 사귈 교 (sagwil gyo))

    1. Hanja form? of 교 (“to intersect”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    交: Hán Nôm readings: giao

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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