里
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
Stroke order | |||
Hong Kong, Taiwan![]() |
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Stroke order (Taiwan) | |||
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里 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田土 (WG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱田土)
- Kangxi radical #166, ⾥.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/里
- 俚, 𠗔, 哩, 埋, 娌, 𢃇, 悝, 捚, 浬, 狸(貍), 䧉, 𩧹, 𨓦, 梩, 𭮔, 𤖃, 理(理), 𥚃, 瓼, 𭻕, 𥆼, 𥓄, 裡(裏), 粴, 䋥, 𦎐, 𦓵, 𦕸, 艃, 𧋎, 𧻲, 𨁫, 鋰(锂), 𪱁, 𩳓, 𭧰, 鯉(鲤)
- 𨛋, 𥆤, 𮭧, 𫙣, 𭴬, 黒, 𧚣, 𠫶, 𪜽, 𫭬, 荲, 童, 𠹈, 𩭇, 𨴻, 𪟯, 厘, 㢆, 㾖, 廛, 黙
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1291, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40131
- Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3680, character 1
- Unihan data for U+91CC
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 里 | |
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 田 (“field”) + 土 (“soil; earth”) – a measure of land and fields; mile; place.
Etymology 1[edit]
simp. and trad. |
里 |
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”) (STEDT). Cognate with 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) "hill, mound" & 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”); Schuessler (2007) also proposes cognacy with Tibetan ར་བ (ra ba, “fence, enclosure, wall, pen”) by pointing to a semantic parallel between English town and German Zaun (“fence”).
Alternatively, possibly related to 理 (lǐ) "to divide into equal sections", yet Schuessler also noted that early Chinese villages were not systematically planned and platted.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
里
- li (a unit of distance equal to half a kilometre in modern Mainland China)
- 公里 ― gōnglǐ ― kilometre
- neighbourhood (formal or informal grouping of adjacent dwellings; the size vary according to different historical sources)
- urban village (an administrative unit in the Republic of China)
- village (an administrative unit in South Korea and North Korea)
- lane (a type of road in Hong Kong)
- A surname.
Descendants[edit]
Others:
- English: li
Compounds[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
simp. and trad. |
里 |
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Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
里
- (Xiang) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.
Synonyms[edit]
- (chiefly Mandarin) 地 (de)
Etymology 3[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 里 – see 裡 (“in; inside; during; within; etc.”). (This character, 里, is the simplified form of 裡.) |
Notes:
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References[edit]
- “里”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kun: さと (sato, 里, Jōyō); みちのり (michinori, 里)
- Nanori: か (ka); さ (sa); さとし (satoshi); と (to); のり (nori)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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里 |
さと Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨sato1⟩ → */satʷo/ → /sato/
From Old Japanese.[1]
Ultimately derivation unknown.
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- (village, hometown): 郷
Noun[edit]
- a village
- a country house
- one's hometown
- the country, countryside
- the original home of a household member (such as a wife, adoptee, or other person who has joined the household from outside)
- a separate home or boarding situation to which one's own children are sent for upbringing or education
- a red-light district
- Synonym: 遊里 (yūri)
- one's birth, parentage, origins
- (slang, red-light district) boorishness, hickishness
- the lay world (as opposed to life within a temple)
- (uncommon, historical, obsolete) Same as り (ri) below
Derived terms[edit]
Adjective[edit]
里 • (sato) -na (adnominal 里な (sato na), adverbial 里に (sato ni))
Inflection[edit]
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 里だろ | さとだろ | sato daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 里で | さとで | sato de |
Terminal (終止形) | 里だ | さとだ | sato da |
Attributive (連体形) | 里な | さとな | sato na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 里なら | さとなら | sato nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 里であれ | さとであれ | sato de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 里ではない 里じゃない |
さとではない さとじゃない |
sato de wa nai sato ja nai |
Informal past | 里だった | さとだった | sato datta |
Informal negative past | 里ではなかった 里じゃなかった |
さとではなかった さとじゃなかった |
sato de wa nakatta sato ja nakatta |
Formal | 里です | さとです | sato desu |
Formal negative | 里ではありません 里じゃありません |
さとではありません さとじゃありません |
sato de wa arimasen sato ja arimasen |
Formal past | 里でした | さとでした | sato deshita |
Formal negative past | 里ではありませんでした 里じゃありませんでした |
さとではありませんでした さとじゃありませんでした |
sato de wa arimasen deshita sato ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 里で | さとで | sato de |
Conditional | 里なら(ば) | さとなら(ば) | sato nara (ba) |
Provisional | 里だったら | さとだったら | sato dattara |
Volitional | 里だろう | さとだろう | sato darō |
Adverbial | 里に | さとに | sato ni |
Degree | 里さ | さとさ | satosa |
Proper noun[edit]
- a placename
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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里 |
り Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 里 (MC lɨX).
Compare modern Chinese 里 (lǐ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a unit of distance:
- under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, defined as equal to 300 歩 (bu) or 1500 尺 (shaku)
- from the early modern until the end of the Edo period, defined as equal to 36 町 (chō), approximately between 3.6 to 4.2 kilometers
- from the mid-Meiji period, defined as equal to 129,600⁄33 meters, approximately 3.927 kilometers or 2.44 miles
- (historical) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system, a unit of area for regional administration, equal to 50 戸 (ko, “houses”)
Derived terms[edit]
- 英里 (eiri, “mile”)
- 海里 (kairi, “nautical mile”)
Affix[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
里 (eumhun 마을 리 (ma'eul ri), South Korea 마을 이 (ma'eul i))
Compounds[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unknown.
Noun[edit]
里 (sato1) (kana さと)
- a village
- 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Emperor Suinin)
- 於是、圓野比賣慚言「同兄弟之中、以姿醜被還之事、聞於隣里、是甚慚。」而、到山代國之相樂時、取懸樹枝而欲死、故號其地謂懸木、今云相樂。
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3782)
- 安麻其毛理毛能母布等伎爾保等登芸須和我須武佐刀爾伎那伎等余母須
- amago2mori mo2no2'mopu to2ki1 ni poto2to2gi1su waga sumu sato1 ni ki1naki1to2yo2mosu
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Emperor Suinin)
- under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system:
- one's home of birth
- one's hometown
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 里 (さと, sato)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
里: Hán Việt readings: lý[1][2], lí[3]
里: Nôm readings: lý[2][4], lái[1], rưới[1], trẻ[1], lia[2], lí[3], lịa[3]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References[edit]
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