na

H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1

Cameroon Pidgin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Predicative[edit]

na

copula for nouns and adjectives
- 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[1], 0:57–0:59:
  MUSIC NA THE KEY SO I NODI PLAY
  Music is the key so I am not engaging in play.
a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
- 2019 November 19, Kimzy K-Buoy (lyrics and music), “Flex”‎^[2], 1:39–1:42:
  I go make you number one for ma list because
  Na you be the hardest
  I will make you the number one of my list by reason that, behold, you are the hardest.

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Central) IPA^(key): /nə/
(Valencian) IPA^(key): /na/

Article[edit]

na f sg (elided n', masculine en)

(Eastern Catalan) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la
En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.
Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

Usage notes[edit]

While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.

Related terms[edit]

dona

Cavineña[edit]

Noun[edit]

na

root of ena

References[edit]

Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN

Central Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na

I

Chavacano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese na, contraction of em a.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/, [na]

Preposition[edit]

na

indirect object marker: to
Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.
used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at
Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.
used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈna]
audio (file)

Preposition[edit]

na

on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.
on (location, + locative case)
Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.
to, (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))
Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.
at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))
Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.
for (purpose, + accusative case)
Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.
at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin nōn.

Adverb[edit]

na

no
not

Related terms[edit]

naun
non

Domari[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit नव (nava).

Numeral[edit]

na

(Aleppo, cardinal number) nine

References[edit]

Bruno Herin (2012), “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery‎^[3], volume 10, issue 2, →DOI

Drung[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.

Pronoun[edit]

na

you (sg.)

References[edit]

Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎^[4], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /naː/
audio (file)
Hyphenation: na
Rhymes: -aː

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

Preposition[edit]

na

after
(op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.
Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.
With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.

Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.
Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.

Inflection[edit]

Pronominal adverbs of na

preposition	na
postpositional adv.	na
+ het (it)	erna
+ dit (this)	hierna
+ dat (that)	daarna
+ wat (what)	waarna
+ iets (something)	ergens na
+ niets (nothing)	nergens na
+ alles (everything)	overal na

Derived terms[edit]

-verbs:

Descendants[edit]

Negerhollands: na, a
- → Virgin Islands Creole: na

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

Adjective[edit]

na (comparative nader, superlative naast)

close

Inflection[edit]

The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.

Inflection of na
uninflected	na
inflected	naë
comparative	nader
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial			nader	het naast het naaste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	naë	nadere	naaste
	n. sing.	na	nader	naaste
	plural	naë	nadere	naaste
definite		naë	nadere	naaste
partitive		na's	naders	—

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Preposition[edit]

na

(dialectal) Archaic form of naar.

Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na

first person; I

Esperanto[edit]

Esperanto Wikipedia has an article on:

na (prepozicio)

Wikipedia ^eo

Etymology[edit]

Presumably from Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [na]
Audio:
(file)
Hyphenation: na

Preposition[edit]

na

(neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.
Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.
I read Gerda Disappeared.

Usage notes[edit]

Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.

Galician[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /nɐ/

Contraction[edit]

na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)

in the

Etymology 2[edit]

From a mutation of a.

Pronoun[edit]

na f (accusative)

Alternative form of a (“her”)

Usage notes[edit]

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

Related terms[edit]

a
la
no

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na(ː)/
Rhymes: -aː
Homophones: nah, Narr (latter regional)

Etymology 1[edit]

Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu.

Interjection[edit]

na

well!, so!; used to introduce a statement
Na, dann fangen wir mal an!
So, let’s get started!

Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!
I am a clown? Well, so are you!
oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration
Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!
Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!

Na? Ob das so stimmt...
Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...

Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?
Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?

Na toll! Kein Empfang.
Oh great! No signal.
(regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer
Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?
What’s two plus three? Huh?
(regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”
Na! Lang nicht gesehen!
Hey! Long time no see!

Na! Wie geht’s?
Hi! How are you?

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

A variant of nein.

Interjection[edit]

na

(regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria) Alternative form of nein (“no”)
Na. Das geht net.
No. That doesn’t work.

Anagrams[edit]

an

Guinea-Bissau Creole[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.

Preposition[edit]

na

at
in
on

Hawaiian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

na

for, belonging to, by

Usage notes[edit]

Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).

Hungarian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈnɒ]
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -nɒ

Interjection[edit]

na

well, so, hey
Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.

Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”

Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!

Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!

Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!

Derived terms[edit]

(Compound words):
- nahát
- nana
- naná

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Russian на (na).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
Rhymes: -ɑ
Hyphenation: na

Interjection[edit]

na

here! there you go! (said when handing something over)

References[edit]

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /nˠə/

Article[edit]

na (definite article)

genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)
na háite ― of the place
nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)
na héin ― the birds

ó na cailíní ― from the girls
genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)
na bpáistí ― of the children

Contraction[edit]

na

Nonstandard form of ina
- 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:
  Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.
  Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
na	not applicable	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Descendants[edit]

→ Yola: na

Japanese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

na

Rōmaji transcription of な
Rōmaji transcription of ナ

Kabuverdianu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese na.

Preposition[edit]

na

at
in
on

Kapampangan[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Hyphenation: na
IPA^(key): /nə/, [nə]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronoun[edit]

na

3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its
Bayu ya ing bale na.
Her/his house is new.

Nanu ing seli na?
What did s/he buy?

Etymology 2[edit]

Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Interjection[edit]

na

(masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations
Na munta ka?
Hey, are you going?

Na dimdam me?
Hey, did you hear?

Particle[edit]

na

(informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis
Makanini namu siguru na?
Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?

Nokarin nakaman munta na?
Where are you going, huh?

Ligature[edit]

na

Connects adjectives to nouns.
Malairo na banwa.
the blue sky.

kakatua na tau.
A strange person.

Adverb[edit]

na

already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)
Yari na.
Finished already.

Munta naka.
Are you going now?.
already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
Matudtud na.
Slept already.

Sinali na.
Bought already.
already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
Lungub nakata.
Let's go in already.

Pepasali nakung panulu.
I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

Karaim[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

на (Cyrillic)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection[edit]

na

here you are! take it!

Kasem[edit]

Noun[edit]

na

water

References[edit]

SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007

Kashubian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈna/
Syllabification: na

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Preposition[edit]

na

Denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Synonym: nó
Denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection[edit]

na

Emphatic particle used with imperatives to speed up a performed action; c'mon, now

Kikuyu[edit]

Particle[edit]

na

(instrumental) with^[1]
Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.
To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.
(comitative) and, with^[1]
Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.
The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.
(source) from^[1]
Synonym: kuuma

Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.
Goodness comes from home.
but^[1]
Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.
The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 “na” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 277. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Kilivila[edit]

Noun[edit]

na

(in compounds) woman

References[edit]

Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN

Ladin[edit]

Article[edit]

na f

an, a

Synonyms[edit]

n'

Ladino[edit]

Interjection[edit]

na (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling נה‎)

here! behold!

Lakota[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

na

and

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical) IPA^(key): /naː/, [näː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /na/, [näː]

Verb[edit]

nā

imperative singular of nō, swim!

References[edit]

na in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Lingala[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.

Preposition[edit]

na

with, and
in, at
of (form of ya before personal pronouns)

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Preposition[edit]

na

(with locative) on, in
(with accusative) on, onto

Luganda[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

na

and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)

References[edit]

The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.

Macanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.

Preposition[edit]

na

in
botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper

Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.
The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.
at
na casa ― at home

na festa ― at the party
on
estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground

Usage notes[edit]

As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.

Derived terms[edit]

têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)

Mandarin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

audio (file)

Romanization[edit]

na (na⁵／na⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄋㄚ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶／呐
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪

na

Nonstandard spelling of nā.
Nonstandard spelling of ná.
Nonstandard spelling of nǎ.
Nonstandard spelling of nà.

Usage notes[edit]

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maquiritari[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [na]

Verb[edit]

na

(transitive) to clear (a conuco garden)
(transitive) to clear (brush)

References[edit]

Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “na”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon
Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volume I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 315

Middle Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /naː/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.

Preposition[edit]

na

Adverb[edit]

na

afterwards, later
close, near

Descendants[edit]

Dutch: na
Limburgish: nao

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.

Adjective[edit]

nâ

close

Inflection[edit]

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Mpade[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.

Verb[edit]

na

to ripen

References[edit]

S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic

Neapolitan[edit]

Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.

Alternative forms[edit]

n' (before words starting with a vowel)

Etymology[edit]

From Latin ūna.

Article[edit]

na f sg

a, an

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to ne.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rhymes: -ɑː

Interjection[edit]

na

no

Northern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb[edit]

-na

to rain

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sami[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

(Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈna/

Adverb[edit]

na

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Northern Sotho[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb[edit]

na

to rain

Norwegian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.

Pronoun[edit]

na

(dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho

Usage notes[edit]

It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.

Ojibwe[edit]

Particle[edit]

na

Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
- Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
- Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
- but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?

Synonyms[edit]

ina

Old Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈna/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈna/

Preposition[edit]

na

on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
on (location, + locative case)
for (purpose, + accusative case)
at (in the direction of, + accusative case)

Descendants[edit]

Czech: na

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

nō

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /nɑː/

Adverb[edit]

nā

not, no
Nis þæt nā rēad, ac is grēne.
That's not red, it's green.

Þæt iċ cwæþ for þon āne þe iċ nā bet nysse.
I only said that because I didn't know any better (literally "no better").
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897
  Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.
  That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17
  Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?
  Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"
  Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.
  The Lord is not comparable to other people.
- c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
  Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”
  Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”
(poetic) never

Conjunction[edit]

nā

not
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"
  Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtiġ ǣlce dæġe fētt ealne middanġeard þonne þæt wundor wǣre þæt hē þā ġefylde fīf þūsende manna mid fīf hlāfum—ac þæs wundrodon menn nā for þȳ þæt hit māre wundor wǣre, ac for þȳ þæt hit wæs unġewunelīċ.
  It's more of a miracle that God Almighty feeds the whole world every day than that he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread—but that amazed people not because it was more miraculous, but because it was unusual.

Synonyms[edit]

(conjunction): næs

Derived terms[edit]

nā þæt

Descendants[edit]

English: no
Scots: nae, naw

Old Frisian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) +‎ ā (“ever”). Akin to Old English nā.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

Adverb[edit]

nā

never

Descendants[edit]

West Frisian: nea

Particle[edit]

nā

no

Descendants[edit]

Saterland Frisian: noa

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈnaː/

Preposition[edit]

nā (+ dative)

Alternative form of nēi

References[edit]

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Irish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /n͈a/

Article[edit]

na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)

Aphetic form of inna (“the (various inflected forms)”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /n͈a/

Determiner[edit]

na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)

Aphetic form of inna (“in his/her/its/their”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /n͈a/

Determiner[edit]

na

neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /n͈aː/

Particle[edit]

na

Alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /na/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /na/

Preposition[edit]

na

denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [+accusative]
denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [+accusative]
denotes a goal or purpose; for [+accusative]
used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [+accusative] or [+locative]
denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
denotes a period of time; during [+locc]
denotes frequency; per [+case]
denotes location with events; at [+locative]
denotes manner [+accusative]

Descendants[edit]

Polish: na
Silesian: na

References[edit]

B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Pali[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Alternative forms

𑀦 (Brahmi script)
न (Devanagari script)
ন (Bengali script)
න (Sinhalese script)
န or ၼ (Burmese script)
น or นะ (Thai script)
ᨶ (Tai Tham script)
ນ or ນະ (Lao script)
ន (Khmer script)
𑄚 (Chakma script)

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).

Particle[edit]

na

no, not

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective[edit]

na

(demonstrative) that

Declension[edit]

Declension table of "na" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Accusative (second)	naṃ	ne
Dative (fourth)	nassa	nesaṃ
Genitive (sixth)	nassa	nesaṃ

Declension table of "nā" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ

Declension table of "na" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ
Dative (fourth)	nassa
Genitive (sixth)	nassa

Synonyms[edit]

ta

Derived terms[edit]

ena (“this”)
nā (“her”)

Pronoun[edit]

na m or n

(demonstrative) that
him, it
(in the plural) them
- 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)‎^[6], page 558:
  පුන ච පරං භන‍්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත‍්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත‍්තා
  මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස‍්ස පදාතා යසස‍්ස ආහත‍්තා අථ ච පන
  නො තථා මයි නිපච‍්චාකාරං කරොන‍්ති යථා භගවති.
  Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
  mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana
  no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati.
  Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.

Usage notes[edit]

Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.

Declension[edit]

Declension table of "na" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Accusative (second)	naṃ	ne
Dative (fourth)	nassa	nesaṃ
Genitive (sixth)	nassa	nesaṃ

Declension table of "na" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular
Accusative (second)	naṃ
Dative (fourth)	nassa
Genitive (sixth)	nassa

Synonyms[edit]

ta

References[edit]

Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Papiamentu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.

Preposition[edit]

na

Etymology 2[edit]

From Dutch naar.

Preposition[edit]

na

to
towards

Phalura[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Sanskrit न (na, “not”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Particle[edit]

na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

not
don't

References[edit]

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Interjection[edit]

na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)

no!

References[edit]

Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Phuthi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb[edit]

-na

to rain

Inflection[edit]

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/
(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈna/
Audio 1 (file)
Audio 2 (file)
Audio 3 (file)
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na
Homophone: -na

Preposition[edit]

na

Denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.
Denotes location with events; at [+locative]
Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.
Denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!
Denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [+accusative]
Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.
Denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [+accusative]
lek na grypę ― flu medication

na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.
Denotes frequency; per [+case]
pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second
Denotes manner. [+accusative] or [+adverb]
pasażer na gapę ― stowaway

deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert
(mathematics) Surjective usage; onto [+accusative]

Adjective[edit]

na (not comparable)

(mathematics) onto; surjective

Interjection[edit]

na

(obsolete) take it! here!

Usage notes[edit]

When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References[edit]

^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “na”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 261

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /na/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /nɐ/

Hyphenation: na

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese na, clipping of ena, from en (“in”) + a (“the”).

Contraction[edit]

na f sg

Contraction of em a (“in the”): feminine singular of no
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:
  Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!
  I was hoping to meet you before dinner!

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Preposition[edit]

na

at
in

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na

Alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong

Usage notes[edit]

This form is not found in Brazilian speech.

Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.

Riantana[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

Pronoun[edit]

na

I

Romani[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Sanskrit न (na, “no”).

Adverb[edit]

na

not

Interjection[edit]

na

right?; tag question

Particle[edit]

na

no

References[edit]

Dieter W. Halwachs (), “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz‎^[9], archived from the original on 2016-04-13
Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate to Bulgarian на (na), from Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/
Rhymes: -a

Interjection[edit]

na

here you are! take it!

Samoan[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

na

he / she

Sango[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

na

and

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (etymologies 1-3) /na/, (etymologies 4-7) /nə/

Etymology 1[edit]

Univerbation of an (“in”) +‎ a (“his/her”).

Preposition[edit]

na (+ dative)

(triggers lenition) in his; in its
(triggers H-prothesis) in her; in its

Inflection[edit]

Possessive declension of an

	Singular	Plural
First person	nam^L	nar^N
Second person	nad^L	nur^N
Third person m	na^L	nan^N, nam^{N 1)}
Third person f	na^H	nan^N, nam^{N 1)}
^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis; ^N Triggers eclipsis; ¹⁾ Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

Conjunction[edit]

na

than

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old Irish ná.

Particle[edit]

na

don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
Na bruidhinn!
Do not speak!
particle used to emphasise a negative reply to a question
An do rinn iad e Disathairne? – Cha do rinn na!
Did they do it on Saturday? – They certainly did not!

Etymology 4[edit]

From Old Irish a (“that which”).

Pronoun[edit]

na

all that, that which, whatever, what

Etymology 5[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Article[edit]

na (triggers H-prothesis)

inflection of an (“the”):
1. genitive singular feminine
2. nominative or dative plural

Declension[edit]

Variation of na (definite article)
	Masculine			Feminine			Plural
	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.	nom.	dat.	gen.
+ f-	am	an^L		an^L		na	na		nam
+ m-, p- or b-	am	a'^L		a'^L		na	na		nam
+ c- or g-	an	a'^L		a'^L		na	na		nan
+ sV-, sl-, sn- or sr-	an	an^T		an^T		na	na		nan
+ other consonant	an	an		an		na	na		nan
+ vowel	an^T	an		an		na^H	na^H		nan
^L Triggers lenition; ^H Triggers H-prothesis; ^T Triggers T-prothesis

Etymology 6[edit]

Univerbation of an (interrogative particle) +‎ do (past tense particle)

Particle[edit]

na

(chiefly Lewis, colloquial) marks an interrogative in the past tense
Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?

Etymology 7[edit]

From Old Irish nó, nú.

Conjunction[edit]

na

Alternative form of no

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/
audio (file)

Preposition[edit]

na (Cyrillic spelling на)

(+ locative case) on, at, in (with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below)
knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table

biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert

biti na ulici ― to be in the street

zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky
(+ locative case) on (indicating medium)
čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio
(+ accusative case) to, on, onto (with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnian, Serbian) or kȁmo (Croatian); see usage notes below)
staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table

ići na koncert ― to go to a concert
(+ accusative case) for (with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied)
otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days
(+ accusative case) in (used with seasons)
na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer
(+ accusative case) noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose
krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)

podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)

jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)

ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)

r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)
(+ accusative case) by, on, through (adverbial phrase of manner)
ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)

plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)

na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)

na vr(ij)eme ― on time
(+ accusative case) indirect object of certain verbs
vikati na ljude ― to yell at people

pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone
(+ accusative case) a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian
na sreću ― luckily

na prim(j)er ― for example

Usage notes[edit]

na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:

surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
languages (na engleskom ― in English)
with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
the noun fakultet

Interjection[edit]

na! (Cyrillic spelling на!)

Here you are! Take it!
Help yourself!

Shona[edit]

**Shona cardinal numbers**
< 3	4	5 >
Cardinal : na Ordinal : china

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.

Adjective[edit]

-na

four

Inflection[edit]

Inflected forms of -na

plural only
Class 2		vana
Class 4		mina
Class 6		mana
Class 8		zvina
Class 10		ina
Class 13		tuna

Sicilian[edit]

Article[edit]

na f sg

(indefinite) a, an

Silesian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈna/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish na, from Proto-Slavic *na.

Preposition[edit]

na

Denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Antonym: pod
Denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [+locative]
Synonym: w

Antonym: poza
Denotes location with events; at [+locative]
Denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Synonyms: do, ku
Denotes time; for [+accusative]
Denotes measurement; by [+accusative]
Denotes aim of an action; for [+accusative]
Denotes color of painted object. [+adverb]
Denotes manner. [+adverb]

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.

Interjection[edit]

na

Used when giving someone something; here!
Filler word; well

Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈna/

Preposition[edit]

na

(with locative) on (touching from above)
Synonyms: navrchu, po
- 1922, Terézia Vansová, Na Čertovici. In: Z našej dediny:
  Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.
  A nobleman was sitting on the carriage in decorated clothes, as noblemen usually are.
(with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)
Synonym: o
- 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O krásnej Ibronke. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:
  Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.
  A young lord was travelling that way by carriage and he saw the beautiful lily.
(with locative) at (indicates time)
- 1873, Ján Kalinčiak, Láska a pomsta. Chapter 1:
  Bol večer na konci jara.
  It was an evening at the end of the spring.
(with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)
Synonyms: z, zo
- 1930, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Stolica sa smeje :
  Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.
  The whole office was very much amused by the whole matter.
(with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb (indicates state)
- 1938, Janko Jesenský, Demokrati Part 2:
  To naozaj nebolo na programe.
  That really was not planned.
(with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)
Synonyms: smerom na, smerom do, smerom k, o
- 1846, Ján Kalinčiak, Milkov hrob. Chapter 10:
  Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.
  He had to mount the horse again and follow the man, whom the cook had sent with him.
(with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)
Synonyms: po, proti, pri
- 1842, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského. Chapter 3:
  Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.
  He spent almost the whole day after the arrival, which was dedicated to plays and tournaments, with the council.
(with accusative) at, on (indicates time)
Synonyms: cez, počas, v
- 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :
  Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.
  Štefan Zaťko, a father or five children, buried his wife at Christmas and on Epiphany he came to arrange his banns.
(with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)
Synonyms: s, so, z, zo
- 1943, Dobroslav Chrobák, Drak sa vracia. Chapter 2:
  Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.
  He did not die of old age, nor of a disease, but after he fell in a pit for dirt.

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *na.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Preposition[edit]

na

(with locative) on (stationary)
(with accusative) onto (motion towards)
(with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)

Somali[edit]

Adverb[edit]

na

moreover

Southern Ndebele[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb[edit]

-na

to rain

Inflection[edit]

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na

Etymology 1[edit]

Contraction of enna.

Contraction[edit]

na

(obsolete) Contraction of en la (“in the”).

Etymology 2[edit]

Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.

Alternative forms[edit]

na'

Pronoun[edit]

na

Pronunciation spelling of nada.

Derived terms[edit]

no ni na

Sranan Tongo[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Dutch naar.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Preposition[edit]

na

to

Sumerian[edit]

Romanization[edit]

na

Romanization of 𒈾 (na)

Swahili[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Akin to Lingala na, Luganda na. From Proto-Bantu *nà.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /nɑ/
Audio (Kenya) (file)

Conjunction[edit]

na

Usage notes[edit]

Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.

na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):

Inflection[edit]

Object-inflected forms of na

		Singular	Plural
1st person		nami	nasi
2nd person		nawe	nanyi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	naye	nao
	m-mi_(III/IV)	nao	nayo
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	nalo	nayo
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	nacho	navyo
	n_(IX/X)	nayo	nazo
	u_(XI)	nao	see n_(X) or ma_(VI)
	ku_(XV/XVII)	nako
	pa_(XVI)	napo
	mu_(XVIII)	namo
For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Verb[edit]

-na

present stem of -wa na (“to have”)
sinacho ― I do not have it

Swazi[edit]

Particle[edit]

nâ

Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Swedish hana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place.^[1] Compare Norwegian Nynorsk na.

Pronoun[edit]

na

(dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon
Synonym: henne

– Har hon sett'na? – Jo, hon såg'na igår, och gav'na brevet. Jag var hem ti'na [till'na] igår och snacka [snackade] me'na [med'na] [clipping "till," "med," and "-de" from the past tense is common in general and not dialectal].
– Has she seen her? – Yeah, she saw her yesterday, and gave her the letter. I went to her house yesterday and talked to her.

Usage notes[edit]

Common enough to be understood by all native speakers.
Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.

References[edit]

^ han in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams[edit]

-an, an, an-

Tagalog[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/, [nɐ]

Etymology 1[edit]

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).

Noun[edit]

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Abakada alphabet.
Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) en, (in the Abecedario) ene

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”). Compare Bikol Central na, Cebuano na, Hiligaynon na, and Tausug na.

Adverb[edit]

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

already; now; anymore (expresses the event when following a verb)
Tapos na.
Finished already.

Yari na tayo.
We've now been made.
already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
Natulog na.
Slept already.

Bumili na.
Bought already.
already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
Pumasok na tayo.
Let's go in already.

Ipinabibili ko na ang gamot.
I'm having someone buy the medicine now.

Adjective[edit]

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)
Bagsak na.
Failure already.

Abogado na siya.
He/She is now a lawyer.
now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)
Ako na.
My turn.
(literally, “Me now.”)

Ikaw na.
Your turn.
(literally, “You now.”)

Siya na.
His/her turn.
(literally, “Him/her now.”)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Austronesian *na (“linker marking emphatic attribution”).

Ligature[edit]

na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

Connects words, phrases, and sentences: which is; that is; who is
1. Connects adjectives to nouns.
  May matinis na boses siya.
  He/she has a piercing voice.
  
  Mahilig ako sa mga matatangkad na lalaki
  I like tall boys.
2. Connects adverbs to verbs.
  Siya ay mabilis na tumakbo.
  He/she ran fast.
  
  Malugod ka naming tinatanggap.
  We welcome you.
3. Connects clauses: that; to
  Masaya ka lang na meron kang pera.
  You're only happy that you have money.
  
  Magandang ipanggawa ng saranggola.
  Good to use to make a kite.
4. Connects quantifiers (mayroon and wala only uses -ng)
  Tanang Pilipino ― Every Filipino.
  
  Mayroon kang kanin sa pisngi mo
  You have rice on your cheeks.
  
  Apat na palo. ― Four sticks.

Usage notes[edit]

na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.
Magandang bulaklak
Pretty flower

Bigla siyang nagsalita.
He/She suddenly spoke.

Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)
Dayuhang turista
Foreign tourist

Siya ay dahan-dahang pumunta doon.
He/She carefully went there.

It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.
‎haba + ‎-ng- + ‎buhay → ‎habang-buhay

‎bunga + ‎-ng- + ‎kahoy → ‎bungangkahoy

It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).
‎haba + ‎-m- + ‎buhay → ‎habambuhay

‎ganti + ‎-m- + ‎pala → ‎gantimpala

It becomes the -n- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), or (t).
‎isa + ‎-n- + ‎daan → ‎sandaan

‎bago + ‎-n- + ‎sakop + ‎-in → ‎bagunsakupin

‎libo + ‎-n- + ‎taon → ‎libuntaon

Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)
‎daan + ‎-g- + ‎bakal → ‎daang-bakal

‎kababaan + ‎-g- + ‎loob → ‎kababaang-loob

‎kabungguan + ‎-g- + ‎balikat → ‎kabungguang-balikat

Tày[edit]

thick
phải na ― thick fabric

律𪫆𥿯[]那
(please add an English translation of this usage example)

禁那遮敏詩
With a thick [layer of] protection, it will be firmly covered.
bold, brave
nả na ― shameless, bold

Derived terms[edit]

na tứt

References[edit]

Hoàng Văn Ma; Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[10][11] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[12] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Tok Pisin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English and.

Conjunction[edit]

na

and
- 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics‎^[13], →ISBN, page 433:
  Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1986, John Hunter, “Vocabulary”, in Papua New Guinea phrasebook‎^[14], →ISBN, page 60:
  and - na
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms[edit]

olsem na

Tooro[edit]

**Tooro numbers ^(edit)**
	40^{[a], [b]}
^{[a], [b]} ← 3	4	5 → ^{[a], [b]}
Cardinal: -na, (in abstract counting) ina Ordinal: -a kana Adverbial: kana, enyakana, emirundi ena Fractional: ekicweka ekya kana

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Cognate with Swahili -nne and Tswana -nne. Doublet of omunaana (“eight”).

Numeral[edit]

-na

four

Declension[edit]

Inflected forms of -na (plural only)

Noun class	indefinite	definite
2	bbana	abbana
4	ena	ena
6	ana	ana
8	bbina	ebbina
10	ina	ina
13	tuna	otuna
14	bbuna	obbuna
16	hana	ahana
Adverbial form
kana

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *nà. Cognate with Swahili na, Lingala na and Luganda na.

Conjunction[edit]

na (apocopic form n')

and
with, by

Adverb[edit]

na (apocopic form n')

even
Na Kisembo naasobora kwetegereza. ― Even Kisembo can understand.

References[edit]

Entry 3674 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[15] (in English), Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 148, 439-441

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Russian на (na) or Ukrainian на (na).

Interjection[edit]

na

(dialect, Trabzon, Rize) here it is! take it!
Synonym: işte!

Tzotzil[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /nä/

Noun[edit]

na

house

Inflection[edit]

possessive forms of na

indefinite possession
nail
	singular	plural
	singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st	jna	jnatik	jnakutik (San Andrés Larráinzar) jnatikotik (Zinacantán)
2nd	ana	anaik
3rd	sna	snaik

Derived terms[edit]

(Nouns)

ti' na

References[edit]

Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Unami[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [na]

Pronoun[edit]

na

that (animate)

Venda[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

na

and
with

Venetian[edit]

Article[edit]

na f sg

a, an

Vietnamese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [naː˧˧]

Noun[edit]

(classifier cây, trái, quả) na • (𦰡)

(Northern Vietnam) sugar apple (Annona squamosa)
Synonym: mãng cầu

Anagrams[edit]

an

Welsh[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Cognate with Old Irish nach,^[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) + *-kʷe (“and”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /naː/, /na/
Rhymes: -aː

Interjection[edit]

na

no

Particle[edit]

na (triggers mixed mutation)

not (in answers and tag questions)
(literary) don’t (with verbs in the imperative mood)

Usage notes[edit]

Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
The form nac is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nac allan.

Alternative forms[edit]

nac (used before a vowel)

Conjunction[edit]

na (triggers mixed mutation)

that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)
Mae e’n dweud na fydd e’n mynd.
He says that he will not go.

Usage notes[edit]

Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
The form nad is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nad allan.
The form is always nad before an element fronted for emphasis.

Alternative forms[edit]

nad (used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis)

Etymology 2[edit]

Variant of no(g),^[2] probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn o” as “-ach no”.^[3]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na(ː)/

Conjunction[edit]

na (triggers aspirate mutation)

than
neither, nor

Alternative forms[edit]

nag (used before a vowel)

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na(ː)/

Verb[edit]

na

Soft mutation of gna.

Verb[edit]

na (not mutable)

first-person singular future colloquial of gwneud

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gna	na	ngna	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 4[edit]

Adjective[edit]

na

Nasal mutation of da.

Noun[edit]

na

Nasal mutation of da.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
da	dda	na	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “na”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “no”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 113 i (1), 147 iv (3)

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Particle[edit]

ná

Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Verb[edit]

-na

(intransitive) to rain

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yola[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English na, from nan (“none”), from Old English nān. Cognates include English no and Scots nae.

Alternative forms[edit]

no, nae, nowe

Determiner[edit]

na

no

Particle[edit]

na

no

Etymology 2[edit]

Interjection[edit]

na

Alternative form of naay
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9:
  Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,
  Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,

Etymology 3[edit]

Adverb[edit]

na

Alternative form of no (“not”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:
  Na dicke wye, nar dicka.
  Neither this way, nor that.
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4:
  Hea pryet ich mought na ha chicke or hen,
  He prayed I might not have chicken nor hen,

Etymology 4[edit]

Borrowed from Irish na.

Article[edit]

na

of the
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, line 4:
  na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,
  both faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,

References[edit]

Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 58, 88, 104 & 114

Yoruba[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(high-tone): IPA^(key): /nã́/
(mid-tone): IPA^(key): /nã̄/
(low-tone): IPA^(key): /nã̀/

Etymology 1[edit]

Verb[edit]

nà

to beat; to hit; to smack
Synonym: lù

Ó nà án ní pàṣán ― She beat him with a whip
to defeat
Synonym: borí

Usage notes[edit]

na before a direct object.

Derived terms[edit]

ìnàkunà (“severe beating”)
na pápá bora
nani (“to beat a person>”)
nínà (“beating”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

ná

to spend
Synonym: náwó (“to spend money”)

Àníkẹ́ ń ná owó nínàákúkàá ― Anike is spending money extravagently
to cost
Ó ná mi ní ogún náírà péré ― It only cost me 20 naira

Ó lè máa ná wọn tó ẹgbẹ̀rún dọ́là ― It may cost them up to a thousand dollars
to haggle; to bargain
Synonyms: yọwó, nájà

Ìyá mi ń bá oníkiri ná ― My mother's haggling with the hawker
1. to trade; to go to the market
  Synonym: nájà
  
  Mo ná ọjà Mọ́kọ́lá ― I trade at Mokola market

Derived terms[edit]

dúnàádúrà (“to negotiate”)
ìnákúnàá (“misspending”)
nájà (“to haggle; to trade”)
náwó (“to spend money”)
ọjà níná (“haggling”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

nà

to stretch; to raise
Mo na ọwọ́ mi dì í mú ― I stretched out my hand to grasp it

Àwòdì na ìyẹ́ rẹ̀, kí ó sì fò lọ ― The hawk spread its wings and flew away
to aim; to point
Ọlọ́pàá na ìbọn sí wọn lójú ― The police pointed a gun in their face

Usage notes[edit]

na before a direct object.

Derived terms[edit]

nàka (“to point one's finger”)
nasẹ̀ (“to introduce”)
nawọ́ (“to stretch one's hand”)
nàyìn (“to stretch one's back”)

Zaghawa[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Pronoun[edit]

na

you (singular); thou
Na dô neygini? : Are you tired?

References[edit]

Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zhuang[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /na˨˦/
Tone numbers: na¹
Hyphenation: na

Adjective[edit]

na (Sawndip forms 𭆗 or 那 or 𭡇 or 𦀨, 1957–1982 spelling na)

thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)
Antonym: mbang
(of vegetation) dense; thick

Zia[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.

Pronoun[edit]

na

I (first person pronoun singular)

Zou[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *naa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na. Cognates include Tibetan ན (na) and Burmese နာ (na).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na˧/

Adjective[edit]

na

ill

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hnaar, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-na. Cognates include Tibetan སྣ (sna) and Burmese နှာ (hna).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na˧/

Noun[edit]

na

nose

References[edit]

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47

Zulu[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Possibly from na-.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ná/

Particle[edit]

na

Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /na/

Verb[edit]

-na

(intransitive) to rain

Inflection[edit]

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuna
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuna	ukungani
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yina	-ne
Plural	yinani	-neni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyana, ngina	enginayo, engina	ngina	angini	engingani	ngingani
2nd singular	uyana, una	onayo, ona	una	awuni	ongani	ungani
1st plural	siyana, sina	esinayo, esina	sina	asini	esingani	singani
2nd plural	niyana, nina	eninayo, enina	nina	anini	eningani	ningani
Class 1	uyana, una	onayo, ona	ena	akani	ongani	engani
Class 2	bayana, bana	abanayo, abana	bena	abani	abangani	bengani
Class 3	uyana, una	onayo, ona	una	awuni	ongani	ungani
Class 4	iyana, ina	enayo, ena	ina	ayini	engani	ingani
Class 5	liyana, lina	elinayo, elina	lina	alini	elingani	lingani
Class 6	ayana, ana	anayo, ana	ena	awani	angani	engani
Class 7	siyana, sina	esinayo, esina	sina	asini	esingani	singani
Class 8	ziyana, zina	ezinayo, ezina	zina	azini	ezingani	zingani
Class 9	iyana, ina	enayo, ena	ina	ayini	engani	ingani
Class 10	ziyana, zina	ezinayo, ezina	zina	azini	ezingani	zingani
Class 11	luyana, luna	olunayo, oluna	luna	aluni	olungani	lungani
Class 14	buyana, buna	obunayo, obuna	buna	abuni	obungani	bungani
Class 15	kuyana, kuna	okunayo, okuna	kuna	akuni	okungani	kungani
Class 17	kuyana, kuna	okunayo, okuna	kuna	akuni	okungani	kungani
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	nginile, nginē	enginile, enginē	nginile, nginē	anginanga	engingananga	ngingananga
2nd singular	unile, unē	onile, onē	unile, unē	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
1st plural	sinile, sinē	esinile, esinē	sinile, sinē	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
2nd plural	ninile, ninē	eninile, eninē	ninile, ninē	aninanga	eningananga	ningananga
Class 1	unile, unē	onile, onē	enile, enē	akananga	ongananga	engananga
Class 2	banile, banē	abanile, abanē	benile, benē	abananga	abangananga	bengananga
Class 3	unile, unē	onile, onē	unile, unē	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
Class 4	inile, inē	enile, enē	inile, inē	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 5	linile, linē	elinile, elinē	linile, linē	alinanga	elingananga	lingananga
Class 6	anile, anē	anile, anē	enile, enē	awananga	angananga	engananga
Class 7	sinile, sinē	esinile, esinē	sinile, sinē	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
Class 8	zinile, zinē	ezinile, ezinē	zinile, zinē	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 9	inile, inē	enile, enē	inile, inē	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 10	zinile, zinē	ezinile, ezinē	zinile, zinē	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 11	lunile, lunē	olunile, olunē	lunile, lunē	alunanga	olungananga	lungananga
Class 14	bunile, bunē	obunile, obunē	bunile, bunē	abunanga	obungananga	bungananga
Class 15	kunile, kunē	okunile, okunē	kunile, kunē	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
Class 17	kunile, kunē	okunile, okunē	kunile, kunē	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāna	engāna	ngāna	anginanga	engingananga	ngingananga
2nd singular	wāna	owāna	wāna	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
1st plural	sāna	esāna	sāna	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
2nd plural	nāna	enāna	nāna	aninanga	eningananga	ningananga
Class 1	wāna	owāna	āna	akananga	ongananga	engananga
Class 2	bāna	abāna	bāna	abananga	abangananga	bengananga
Class 3	wāna	owāna	wāna	awunanga	ongananga	ungananga
Class 4	yāna	eyāna	yāna	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 5	lāna	elāna	lāna	alinanga	elingananga	lingananga
Class 6	āna	āna	āna	awananga	angananga	engananga
Class 7	sāna	esāna	sāna	asinanga	esingananga	singananga
Class 8	zāna	ezāna	zāna	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 9	yāna	eyāna	yāna	ayinanga	engananga	ingananga
Class 10	zāna	ezāna	zāna	azinanga	ezingananga	zingananga
Class 11	lwāna	olwāna	lwāna	alunanga	olungananga	lungananga
Class 14	bāna	obāna	bāna	abunanga	obungananga	bungananga
Class 15	kwāna	okwāna	kwāna	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
Class 17	kwāna	okwāna	kwāna	akunanga	okungananga	kungananga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingana	—	ngingana	ngingene	—	ngingene
2nd singular	ungana	—	ungana	ungene	—	ungene
1st plural	singana	—	singana	singene	—	singene
2nd plural	ningana	—	ningana	ningene	—	ningene
Class 1	angana	—	engana	angene	—	engene
Class 2	bangana	—	bengana	bangene	—	bengene
Class 3	ungana	—	ungana	ungene	—	ungene
Class 4	ingana	—	ingana	ingene	—	ingene
Class 5	lingana	—	lingana	lingene	—	lingene
Class 6	angana	—	engana	angene	—	engene
Class 7	singana	—	singana	singene	—	singene
Class 8	zingana	—	zingana	zingene	—	zingene
Class 9	ingana	—	ingana	ingene	—	ingene
Class 10	zingana	—	zingana	zingene	—	zingene
Class 11	lungana	—	lungana	lungene	—	lungene
Class 14	bungana	—	bungana	bungene	—	bungene
Class 15	kungana	—	kungana	kungene	—	kungene
Class 17	kungana	—	kungana	kungene	—	kungene
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokuna	engizokuna	ngizokuna	angizukuna	engingezukuna	ngingezukuna
2nd singular	uzokuna	ozokuna	uzokuna	awuzukuna	ongezukuna	ungezukuna
1st plural	sizokuna	esizokuna	sizokuna	asizukuna	esingezukuna	singezukuna
2nd plural	nizokuna	enizokuna	nizokuna	anizukuna	eningezukuna	ningezukuna
Class 1	uzokuna	ozokuna	ezokuna	akazukuna	ongezukuna	engezukuna
Class 2	bazokuna	abazokuna	bezokuna	abazukuna	abangezukuna	bengezukuna
Class 3	uzokuna	ozokuna	uzokuna	awuzukuna	ongezukuna	ungezukuna
Class 4	izokuna	ezokuna	izokuna	ayizukuna	engezukuna	ingezukuna
Class 5	lizokuna	elizokuna	lizokuna	alizukuna	elingezukuna	lingezukuna
Class 6	azokuna	azokuna	ezokuna	awazukuna	angezukuna	engezukuna
Class 7	sizokuna	esizokuna	sizokuna	asizukuna	esingezukuna	singezukuna
Class 8	zizokuna	ezizokuna	zizokuna	azizukuna	ezingezukuna	zingezukuna
Class 9	izokuna	ezokuna	izokuna	ayizukuna	engezukuna	ingezukuna
Class 10	zizokuna	ezizokuna	zizokuna	azizukuna	ezingezukuna	zingezukuna
Class 11	luzokuna	oluzokuna	luzokuna	aluzukuna	olungezukuna	lungezukuna
Class 14	buzokuna	obuzokuna	buzokuna	abuzukuna	obungezukuna	bungezukuna
Class 15	kuzokuna	okuzokuna	kuzokuna	akuzukuna	okungezukuna	kungezukuna
Class 17	kuzokuna	okuzokuna	kuzokuna	akuzukuna	okungezukuna	kungezukuna
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokuna	engiyokuna	ngiyokuna	angiyukuna	engingeyukuna	ngingeyukuna
2nd singular	uyokuna	oyokuna	uyokuna	awuyukuna	ongeyukuna	ungeyukuna
1st plural	siyokuna	esiyokuna	siyokuna	asiyukuna	esingeyukuna	singeyukuna
2nd plural	niyokuna	eniyokuna	niyokuna	aniyukuna	eningeyukuna	ningeyukuna
Class 1	uyokuna	oyokuna	eyokuna	akayukuna	ongeyukuna	engeyukuna
Class 2	bayokuna	abayokuna	beyokuna	abayukuna	abangeyukuna	bengeyukuna
Class 3	uyokuna	oyokuna	uyokuna	awuyukuna	ongeyukuna	ungeyukuna
Class 4	iyokuna	eyokuna	iyokuna	ayiyukuna	engeyukuna	ingeyukuna
Class 5	liyokuna	eliyokuna	liyokuna	aliyukuna	elingeyukuna	lingeyukuna
Class 6	ayokuna	ayokuna	eyokuna	awayukuna	angeyukuna	engeyukuna
Class 7	siyokuna	esiyokuna	siyokuna	asiyukuna	esingeyukuna	singeyukuna
Class 8	ziyokuna	eziyokuna	ziyokuna	aziyukuna	ezingeyukuna	zingeyukuna
Class 9	iyokuna	eyokuna	iyokuna	ayiyukuna	engeyukuna	ingeyukuna
Class 10	ziyokuna	eziyokuna	ziyokuna	aziyukuna	ezingeyukuna	zingeyukuna
Class 11	luyokuna	oluyokuna	luyokuna	aluyukuna	olungeyukuna	lungeyukuna
Class 14	buyokuna	obuyokuna	buyokuna	abuyukuna	obungeyukuna	bungeyukuna
Class 15	kuyokuna	okuyokuna	kuyokuna	akuyukuna	okungeyukuna	kungeyukuna
Class 17	kuyokuna	okuyokuna	kuyokuna	akuyukuna	okungeyukuna	kungeyukuna
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngine	ngingani
2nd singular	une	ungani
1st plural	sine	singani
2nd plural	nine	ningani
Class 1	ane	angani
Class 2	bane	bangani
Class 3	une	ungani
Class 4	ine	ingani
Class 5	line	lingani
Class 6	ane	angani
Class 7	sine	singani
Class 8	zine	zingani
Class 9	ine	ingani
Class 10	zine	zingani
Class 11	lune	lungani
Class 14	bune	bungani
Class 15	kune	kungani
Class 17	kune	kungani
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngana	ngangana, angana, angangana
2nd singular	wana	wangana, awana, awangana
1st plural	sana	sangana, asana, asangana
2nd plural	nana	nangana, anana, anangana
Class 1	wana	wangana, akana, akangana
Class 2	bana	bangana, abana, abangana
Class 3	wana	wangana, awana, awangana
Class 4	yana	yangana, ayana, ayangana
Class 5	lana	langana, alana, alangana
Class 6	ana	angana, awana, awangana
Class 7	sana	sangana, asana, asangana
Class 8	zana	zangana, azana, azangana
Class 9	yana	yangana, ayana, ayangana
Class 10	zana	zangana, azana, azangana
Class 11	lwana	lwangana, alwana, alwangana
Class 14	bana	bangana, abana, abangana
Class 15	kwana	kwangana, akwana, akwangana
Class 17	kwana	kwangana, akwana, akwangana

References[edit]

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na (3-8)”
C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na”

[tgb1964-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 “na” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 277. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

[2] Ida Kurcz (1990), “na”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 261

[3] Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

[GPC-4] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “na”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[5] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “no”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[6] Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 113 i (1), 147 iv (3)

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

	singular	dual	plural
1st person	aʻu, ʻou	māʻua, mā (exclusive) tāʻua, tā (inclusive)	mātou (exclusive) tātou (inclusive)
2nd person	ʻoe, ʻe	ʻoulua	ʻoutou, tou
3rd person	ia, na	lāʻua	lātou

Sicilian articles
	Masculine	Feminine
indefinite singular	un, nu	na
definite singular	lu, û	la, â
definite plural	li, î	li, î

na

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Interjection[edit]

References[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Adverb[edit]

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

'Are'are[edit]

Article[edit]

References[edit]

Acehnese[edit]

Verb[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Albanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Contraction[edit]

Bambara[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Particle[edit]

References[edit]

Bikol Central[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Particle[edit]

Phrase[edit]

Blagar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Cameroon Pidgin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Predicative[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Cavineña[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Central Huasteca Nahuatl[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Chavacano[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Dalmatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Domari[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Numeral[edit]

References[edit]