Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ná

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

*ná^[1]

not, no

Derived terms

*náyd^[2] (+ *íd)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: नेद् (néd, “(certainly) not”)
- Proto-Iranian: *náyd^[3]^[4]
  - Avestan: 𐬥𐬋𐬌𐬝 (nōit̰, “not”)
  - Bactrian: να- (na-) (vowel possibly influenced by μα- (ma-))
  - Parthian: 𐫗𐫏 (ny /⁠nē⁠/)
  - Old Persian: 𐎴𐎡𐎹 (n-i-y /⁠naiy⁠/) (or from *náy^[2])
    - Middle Persian: 𐭫𐭠 (LA /⁠nē⁠/)
      - Classical Persian: نی (nē)
        Iranian Persian: نی (ni)
        
        Tajik: не (ne)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ná
- Sanskrit: न (ná) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *ná
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: нӕ (næ)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Northern Kurdish: na, ne
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Sarikoli: na
  - Shughni: [script needed] (na)
  - Yazghulami: [script needed] (na)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian:
    - Middle Persian:
      - Classical Persian: نَه (na)
        Iranian Persian: نَه (na)
        
        Tajik: на (na)
Proto-Nuristani: *ná
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ná
    
    Kativiri: në
  - Prasuni: na
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: ná
  - Waigali: në

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 321
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 537
^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2007), “¹να-, ¹να, ν-, ²ναυο, ναγο, ναγ-”, in Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan II. Letters and Buddhist texts (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; II), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 235
^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2015), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 321

[LIPP-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 537

[3] Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2007), “¹να-, ¹να, ν-, ²ναυο, ναγο, ναγ-”, in Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan II. Letters and Buddhist texts (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; II), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 235

[4] Edelʹman, D. I. (2015), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400

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