according to

English

Preposition

according to

1. (idiomatic) Based on what is said or stated by; on the authority of.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Thomas Babington Macaulay

     According to him, every person was to be bought.

   • 2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55: 

     According to this saga of intellectual-property misanthropy, these creatures [patent trolls] roam the business world, buying up patents and then using them to demand extravagant payouts from companies they accuse of infringing them. Often, their victims pay up rather than face the costs of a legal battle.

   According to the directions, the glue takes 24 hours to dry.

2. In a manner conforming or corresponding to; in proportion
   • (Can we date this quote?) Thomas Sprat

     Our zeal should be according to knowledge.

3. Depending on.

Usage notes

• According to is shown as a preposition in all four American unabridged dictionaries MW3, RHU, Encarta, and AHD.
• The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CGEL) classifies according as a preposition with to phrase as its complement, noting that the meaning when used as a preposition differs from the meaning of the "-ing" form of the verb accord.

Derived terms

• according to Hoyle
• according to one's understanding
• according to plan

Synonyms

• in line with
• on the basis of

Translations

based on statement

• Afrikaans: volgens, aldus
• Arabic: حسب لـ (ḥasab li-), طبقًا لـ (ṭabaqan li-)
• Armenian: համաձայն (hamajayn)
• Asturian: según
• Bulgarian: според (bg) (spored)
• Catalan: segons
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 根據 (zh), 根据 (zh) (gēnjù), 按照 (zh) (ànzhào)

• Czech: podle (cs)
• Danish: ifølge (da)
• Dutch: volgens (nl)
• Esperanto: laŭ (eo)
• Extremaduran: sigún
• Finnish: mukaan (fi)
• French: selon (fr), d'après (fr)
• Galician: segundo (gl)
• German: laut (de), gemäß (de), zufolge (de), nach (de) (+ dative case)
• Greek: σύμφωνα με (sýmfona me)
• Indonesian: menurut (id)
• Irish: dar le
• Italian: secondo (it), in base (it)
• Japanese: ...によると (ja) (...ni yoru to)

• Korean: ...에 따르면 (...e ddareumyon)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: به‌گوێره‌ی, به‌پێی

• Latin: in (la), secundo
• Lojban: cu'u
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: ifølge (no)

  Nynorsk: ifølgje

• Novial: segun
• Portuguese: de acordo com (pt), segundo (pt)
• Romanian: conform (ro)
• Russian: согласно (ru) (soglásno) (+ dative case), в соответствии с (ru) (v sootvétstvii s) (+ instrumental case)
• Scottish Gaelic: a rèir
• Serbo-Croatian: prema
• Spanish: según (es), acorde a
• Swedish: enligt (sv)
• Thai: ตามที่ (dtaam têe)
• Turkish: -e göre
• Vietnamese: theo (vi)
• West Frisian: neffens

in proportion

• Afrikaans: ooreenkomstig
• Armenian: համապատասխան (hamapatasxan)
• Bulgarian: съответно (bg) (sǎotvetno), в съгласие с (v sǎglasie s)
• Czech: podle (cs)
• Danish: ifølge (da)
• Dutch: overeenkomstig (nl)
• Finnish: suhteessa
• French: selon (fr)
• German: entsprechend (de)
• Interlingua: secundo
• Italian: a seconda

• Japanese: の分だけ (no bun dake)
• Latin: in (la)
• Novial: segun
• Polish: odpowiednio (pl)
• Portuguese: de acordo com (pt), segundo (pt)
• Russian: соответственно (ru) (sootvétstvenno)
• Scottish Gaelic: a rèir
• Spanish: según (es), acorde a, de acuerdo a
• Swedish: enligt (sv), i enlighet med (sv)
• Ukrainian: згідно (zhídno), відповідно (vidpovídno)
• Vietnamese: tùy (vi), tùy theo (vi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Ido: segun
• Indonesian: menurut
• Interlingua: secundo

• Volapük: cedü