laut
Basque
[edit]Noun
[edit]laut inan
Brunei Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]laut
- sea (body of water)
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *lautta, from Proto-Germanic *lautō, *lautiz. Compare Old Norse laut and Old Swedish lȫt. Cognate to Votic lauttõ.
Noun
[edit]laut (genitive lauda, partitive lauta)
Declension
[edit]Declension of laut (ÕS type 22u/leib, t-d gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | laut | laudad | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | lauda | ||
genitive | lautade | ||
partitive | lauta | lautu lautasid | |
illative | lauta laudasse |
lautadesse laudusse | |
inessive | laudas | lautades laudus | |
elative | laudast | lautadest laudust | |
allative | laudale | lautadele laudule | |
adessive | laudal | lautadel laudul | |
ablative | laudalt | lautadelt laudult | |
translative | laudaks | lautadeks lauduks | |
terminative | laudani | lautadeni | |
essive | laudana | lautadena | |
abessive | laudata | lautadeta | |
comitative | laudaga | lautadega |
German
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle High German and Old High German lūt, akin to Old Saxon hlūd, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]laut (strong nominative masculine singular lauter, comparative lauter, superlative am lautesten)
- loud, noisy
- Synonym: geräuschvoll
- Antonym: leise
Declension
[edit]number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist laut | sie ist laut | es ist laut | sie sind laut | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
genitive | lauten | lauter | lauten | lauter | |
dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | lauten | |
accusative | lauten | laute | lautes | laute | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der laute | die laute | das laute | die lauten |
genitive | des lauten | der lauten | des lauten | der lauten | |
dative | dem lauten | der lauten | dem lauten | den lauten | |
accusative | den lauten | die laute | das laute | die lauten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauter | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten |
genitive | eines lauten | einer lauten | eines lauten | (keiner) lauten | |
dative | einem lauten | einer lauten | einem lauten | (keinen) lauten | |
accusative | einen lauten | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist lauter | sie ist lauter | es ist lauter | sie sind lauter | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauterer | lautere | lauteres | lautere |
genitive | lauteren | lauterer | lauteren | lauterer | |
dative | lauterem | lauterer | lauterem | lauteren | |
accusative | lauteren | lautere | lauteres | lautere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der lautere | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren |
genitive | des lauteren | der lauteren | des lauteren | der lauteren | |
dative | dem lauteren | der lauteren | dem lauteren | den lauteren | |
accusative | den lauteren | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauterer | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren |
genitive | eines lauteren | einer lauteren | eines lauteren | (keiner) lauteren | |
dative | einem lauteren | einer lauteren | einem lauteren | (keinen) lauteren | |
accusative | einen lauteren | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Esperanto: laŭta
Etymology 2
[edit]Shortened version of Middle High German nach lūt, alternatively nach lūte, with the modern German meaning of nach dem Wortlaut (“according to the wording”).[1]
Preposition
[edit]laut [with dative or (less common) genitive]
- according to
- Synonym: lt.
Usage notes
[edit]The preposition laut governs either the dative or genitive case. Originally used with genitive, the dative has been more common since 1900:
- laut einem Bericht (also: eines Berichts) — according to a report.
The dative case is always used for plural nouns not preceded by an article, determiner, or adjective:
- laut Berichten (not: Berichte) — according to reports.
An isolated noun of the strong declension remains uninflected in the singular:
- laut Bericht (not: Berichts) — according to the report.
Descendants
[edit]- → Esperanto: laŭ
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]laut
- (also Early New High German, rare after that period, now archaic) third-person singular present of lauten; Alternative form of lautet
References
[edit]- ^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “laut”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Hunsrik
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]laut (comparative lauter, superlative lautest)
Declension
[edit]Declension of laut (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
Weak inflection | nominative | laut | laut | laut | laute |
accusative | laute | laut | laut | laute | |
dative | laute | laute | laute | laute | |
Strong inflection | nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
accusative | laute | laute | lautes | laute | |
dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | laute |
Further reading
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]laut f (genitive singular lautar, nominative plural lautir)
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]laut
Indonesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈlaut/ [ˈla.ʊt̪̚]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -aut
- Syllabification: la‧ut
Noun
[edit]laut (first-person possessive lautku, second-person possessive lautmu, third-person possessive lautnya)
- sea (body of water)
Derived terms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “laut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Kapampangan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Old Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]láut
Derived terms
[edit]- kalautan (“depth”)
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /laot/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /laʊt/
- Rhymes: -aot, -ot
Audio (Malaysia): (file) - Rhymes: -ut
Noun
[edit]laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, informal 1st possessive lautku, 2nd possessive lautmu, 3rd possessive lautnya)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: laut
References
[edit]- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “لاوت laoet”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 114
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “لاٴوت laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 593
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 28
- "laut" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
Further reading
[edit]- “laut” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Verb
[edit]laut
Anagrams
[edit]Sundanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]laut
- Romanization of ᮜᮅᮒ᮪
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *lautta.
Noun
[edit]laut
Declension
[edit]Inflection of laut (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | laut | ||
genitive sing. | lautan | ||
partitive sing. | lautad | ||
partitive plur. | lautoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | laut | lautad | |
accusative | lautan | lautad | |
genitive | lautan | lautoiden | |
partitive | lautad | lautoid | |
essive-instructive | lautan | lautoin | |
translative | lautaks | lautoikš | |
inessive | lautas | lautoiš | |
elative | lautaspäi | lautoišpäi | |
illative | lautaha lautha |
lautoihe | |
adessive | lautal | lautoil | |
ablative | lautalpäi | lautoilpäi | |
allative | lautale | lautoile | |
abessive | lautata | lautoita | |
comitative | lautanke | lautoidenke | |
prolative | lautadme | lautoidme | |
approximative I | lautanno | lautoidenno | |
approximative II | lautannoks | lautoidennoks | |
egressive | lautannopäi | lautoidennopäi | |
terminative I | lautahasai lauthasai |
lautoihesai | |
terminative II | lautalesai | lautoilesai | |
terminative III | lautassai | — | |
additive I | lautahapäi lauthapäi |
lautoihepäi | |
additive II | lautalepäi | lautoilepäi |
- Basque lemmas
- Basque nouns
- Basque inanimate nouns
- Brunei Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
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- kxd:Geography
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- et:Agriculture
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- Rhymes:Indonesian/aut
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- Indonesian lemmas
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- id:Bodies of water
- id:Landforms
- id:Geography
- Kapampangan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
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- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
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- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Malay doublets
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/aot
- Rhymes:Malay/ot
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- Rhymes:Malay/ut
- Rhymes:Malay/ut/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay uncountable nouns
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- ms:Bodies of water
- ms:Landforms
- ms:Geography
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
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- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps sana-type nominals