der

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See also: Der, dér, dêr, dër, děr, -der, and der-

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Imitative.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɜː/
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɜː

Interjection[edit]

der

  1. (Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
  2. (Australia) Indication of stupidity.
    • 1979, Gabrielle Carey and Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:
      `Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der (not comparable)

  1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Interjection[edit]

der

  1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Noun[edit]

der (uncountable)

  1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Alemannic German[edit]

Article[edit]

der

  1. (definite) the
    • 1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, p. 187f.:
      • 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
        Sich widersetze, wenn [...]
      • In 's Emilies Stammbuech [...]
    • 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 67:
      Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh',
      Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel,
      De frohe Kinderspiele zue
      's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!
    • 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 98:
      Was host denn 's Teufels?
    • 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 121:
      Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett,
      Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.
    • 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 140:
      Der Ehstand ist [...]
    • 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, p. 160:
      Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm
      Und [...]

Declension[edit]

Vorarlberg:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative der d' des, 's d'
Genitive 's der 's
Dative dem der dem de
Accusative de
de-n- (before a vowel)		 d' des, 's d'

Basel:

Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative der die, d' 's die, d'
Genitive 's
Dative dem der, de dem de
Accusative de die, d' 's d'

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

  1. second-person singular imperative of drát

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA(key): /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there (in or at that place)

References[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. (dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)
    der sad to katte på et bord
    two cats were sitting on a table
    der blev diskuteret vildt
    people were debating vehemently
  2. (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)
    alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.
    everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left
    Synonyms: hvilken, som
  3. added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses
    jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske
    I know who is going to win that bottle
    hvem der bare havde en hund!
    if only I had a dog

References[edit]

Particle[edit]

der

  1. (deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)
    hun købte bordet der for ingen penge
    she bought that table for no money

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (stressed) IPA(key): /dɛr/
  • (unstressed) IPA(key): /dər/
  • Hyphenation: der

Etymology 1[edit]

Unstressed form of daar (“there”).

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Article[edit]

der

  1. (dated) genitive singular feminine of de; of the.
    geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language
  2. (dated) genitive plural of de; of the.
    het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands
  3. (dated) dative singular feminine of de.
Usage notes[edit]
  • The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
  • The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/.
Inflection[edit]
Dutch definite article
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative de de het de
Genitive des der des der
Dative den der den den
Accusative den de het de


Anagrams[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Clipping of dernier.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

der m or f (plural ders)

  1. last
    la der des ders (referring to the First World War) ― the war that ends all wars (literally, “the last of the lasts”)

Derived terms[edit]

Galician[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

  1. first-person singular future subjunctive of dar
  2. third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /de(ː)r/, [deːɐ̯], [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ]
  • The commonest pronunciation is [dɛɐ̯], which is possible in all contexts. The form [deːɐ̯] may be used when the word is stressed. The reduced form [dɐ] occurs chiefly after prepositions and conjunctions. In northern and central German vernaculars, the /d/ may in this case assimilate to a preceding coronal (thus in der may colloquially become [ˈɪnɐ]).
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

Article[edit]

der (definite)

  1. the

Declension[edit]

German definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das die
Genitive des der des der
Dative dem der dem den
Accusative den die das die
Old Declension
German definite articles
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das
(older also: daß) 		die
Genitive des
(older also: deß) 		der des
(older also: deß) 		deren or derer, also der
Dative dem der dem denen, also den
Accusative den die das
(older also: daß) 		die

This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.

Derived terms[edit]

Article[edit]

der

  1. inflection of der:
    1. genitive/dative feminine singular
    2. genitive plural

Pronoun[edit]

der m (relative)

  1. who; that; which
    Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann. ― I know a man who can do that.

Usage notes[edit]

In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative der die das die
genitive dessen deren
younger also: derer 		dessen derer
deren
dative dem der dem denen
accusative den die das die
  • By modern grammar works it is said that derer and deren can both be used without difference.
  • Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old Declension
Declension of der
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative der die das
older also: daß 		die
genitive dessen
older also: deß, des 		deren
older also: der, dero 		dessen
older also: deß, des 		derer
also: deren
older also: dero
dative dem
older also: deme 		der dem
older also: deme 		denen
accusative den die das
older also: daß 		die

Pronoun[edit]

der f (relative)

  1. dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that

Pronoun[edit]

der (demonstrative)

  1. (attributive, stressed) that
    Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!
  2. (indicative) him, he
    Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!
  3. (differential) the one, him
    Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative der die das die
genitive dessen deren
younger also: derer 		dessen derer
deren
dative dem der dem denen
accusative den die das die
  • By modern grammar works it is said that derer is used cataphoric, while deren is used anaphoric.
  • Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old Declension
Declension of der
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative der die das
older also: daß 		die
genitive dessen
older also: deß, des 		deren
older also: der, dero 		dessen
older also: deß, des 		derer
also: deren
older also: dero
dative dem
older also: deme 		der dem
older also: deme 		denen
accusative den die das
older also: daß 		die

Pronoun[edit]

der f (demonstrative)

  1. dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her

Further reading[edit]

Hunsrik[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. unstressed dative of du.

Inflection[edit]

Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
Proclitic Enclitic str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ich

eich

-ich mich

meich

meer mer

m'r

2nd person singular
(informal) 		du

dau/Dau

-du, -de

-Dau, -De

dich

deich/Deich

deer der

d'r/D'r

3rd person singular (m.) er; där -er ihn en ihm em
3rd person singular (f.) sie; die -se sie / ihns se eer

ehr

re
3rd person singular (n.) es; das

et, 't

's es

et

-et, -'t

ihm em
1st person plural meer mer uns

uhs

2nd person plural deer

Ehr, Dehr

der eich

Auch

3rd person plural sie; die -se sie se denne

Further reading[edit]

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō

Limburgish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • d'r (reduced form, the only form in most dialects)

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch der, unstressed form of dāer, from Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there

Synonyms[edit]

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German der.

In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

Determiner[edit]

der

  1. unstressed form of där
  2. (archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)
Declension[edit]
Luxembourgish definite articles
masculine feminine neuter plural
nom./acc. deen (den) déi (d') dat (d') déi (d')
dat. deem (dem) där (der) deem (dem) deen (den)
gen. der

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. unstressed form of dir
Declension[edit]
Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular m hien en hien en him em sech
f si se si se hir er sech
n hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Etymology 3[edit]

Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
    • (Can we date this quote?) “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:
      Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker.
      Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker.
      Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou,
      Well et sinn der zwou – esou.
      Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
      Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool.
      Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy,
      Because they’re two – just like that.
      Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.
    Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.
    I have two children and he has three.

Middle Dutch[edit]

Article[edit]

der

  1. inflection of die:
    1. feminine genitive/dative singular
    2. genitive plural

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. unstressed form of dāer

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

Article[edit]

der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)

  1. the, nominative singular masculine definite article

References[edit]

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian در‎ (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (duuarəm), Russian дверь (dverʹ).

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. out, outside, outdoors

Noun[edit]

der f

  1. door

Synonyms[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse þar.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. (dialectal, South East Norway) objective case of de; alternative form of dykk (“you (plural)”)

References[edit]

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German der.

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

der m (definite)

  1. the

Declension[edit]

Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die es die
Accusative der die es die
Dative dem der em de

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. to you

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
Nominative Accusative Dative
1st - Singular ich mich mir
mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular du
de (unstressed) 		dich dir
der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine er ihn
en (unstressed) 		ihm
em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine sie
se (unstressed) 		sie
se (unstressed) 		ihre
re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter es es ihm
em (unstressed)
1st - Plural mir
mer (unstressed) 		uns uns
2nd - Plural dihr
der (unstressed) 		eich eich
3rd - Plural sie sie ihne
ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite Sie Sie Ihne
Ne (unstressed)

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Verb[edit]

der

  1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

Swedish[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. Obsolete spelling of där

Anagrams[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

  1. third-person singular indicative aorist of demek

West Frisian[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. there (unspecific to distance)
    Der binne trije Fryske talen
    There are three Frisian languages.

Further reading[edit]

  • “der (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Westrobothnian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse þær, from Proto-Germanic *þar. Akin to English there.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. right there
  2. there, at the end of a journey
Antonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Unstressed doublet of the previous word.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dɛr(ː)/, /der(ː)/

Pronoun[edit]

der

  1. where
    Han no int der ’n jär
    He suffers no shortage where he is staying.

Adverb[edit]

der

  1. farther
    derr överåm
    farther up

Preposition[edit]

der

  1. (with i) in (that place)
  2. (with åm) in the vicinity of

Wolof[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

der (definite form der wi)

  1. skin
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