der

See also: Der, dér, dêr, dër, děr, -der, and der-

English

Etymology 1

Imitative.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɜː/

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː

Interjection

der

1. (Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
2. (Australia) Indication of stupidity.
   • 1979, Gabrielle Carey and Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:

     `Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.

Synonyms

• duh

Etymology 2

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

Alternative forms

• dere

Pronunciation

• (AAVE) IPA^(key): /dɛː(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ)
• Homophone: dare

Adverb

der (not comparable)

1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Interjection

der

1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Noun

der (uncountable)

1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Pronoun

der

1. Nonstandard spelling of there.

Derived terms

• der's

Anagrams

• -red, DRE, EDR, ERD, RDE, RED, Red, erd, red

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Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛr]
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb

der

1. second-person singular imperative of drát

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA^(key): /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]

Adverb

der

1. there (in or at that place)

References

• “der,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Pronoun

der

1. (dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)

   der sad to katte på et bord

   two cats were sitting on a table

   der blev diskuteret vildt

   people were debating vehemently

2. (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)

   alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.

   everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left

   Synonyms: hvilken, som

3. added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses

   jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske

   I know who is going to win that bottle

   hvem der bare havde en hund!

   if only I had a dog

References

• “der,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “der,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Particle

der

1. (deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)

   hun købte bordet der for ingen penge

   she bought that table for no money

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /dɛr/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /dər/
• Hyphenation: der

Etymology 1

Unstressed form of daar (“there”).

Adverb

der

1. there

Synonyms

• daar, ginder, ginds

Antonyms

• hier, her

Etymology 2

Article

der

1. (dated) genitive singular feminine of de; of the.

   geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language

2. (dated) genitive plural of de; of the.

   het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands

3. (dated) dative singular feminine of de.

Usage notes

• The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
• The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/.

Inflection

Dutch definite article

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	de	de	het	de
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	den	der	den	den
Accusative	den	de	het	de

Anagrams

• red

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French

Etymology

Clipping of dernier

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɛʁ/

Noun

der m or f (plural ders)

1. last

   la der des ders - the war that ends all wars (referring to the First World War; literally means the last of the lasts or the very last one)

Derived terms

• der des ders

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Galician

Verb

der

1. first-person singular future subjunctive of dar
2. third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

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German

Etymology

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deːr/
• IPA^(key): [deːɐ̯] (stressed)
• IPA^(key): [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ] (unstressed)

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːɐ̯
• In colloquial speech in Germany, the /d/ can assimilate to a preceding coronal when the word is unstressed.

Article

der (definite)

1. the

Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Old Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das (older also: daß)	die
Genitive	des (older also: deß)	der	des (older also: deß)	deren or derer, also der
Dative	dem	der	dem	denen, also den
Accusative	den	die	das (older also: daß)	die

This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.

Derived terms

• derselbe
• desweiteren

Article

der

1. inflection of der:
   1. genitive/dative feminine singular
   2. genitive plural

Pronoun

der m (relative)

1. who; that; which

   Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann. ― I know a man who can do that.

Usage notes

In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.

Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

• By modern grammar works it is said that derer and deren can both be used without difference.
• Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

Pronoun

der f (relative)

1. dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that

Pronoun

der (demonstrative)

1. (attributive, stressed) that

   Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!

2. (indicative) him, he

   Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!

3. (differential) the one, him

   Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat

Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

• By modern grammar works it is said that derer is used cataphoric, while deren is used anaphoric.
• Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

Pronoun

der f (demonstrative)

1. dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her

Further reading

• “der” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

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Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɐ/

Pronoun

der

1. unstressed dative of du.

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

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Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]

Verb

der

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō

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Limburgish

Adverb

der

1. there

Synonyms

• dao

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Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /der/, [dɐ]

Etymology 1

From Middle High German der.

In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

Determiner

der

1. unstressed form of där
2. (archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)

Declension

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dative	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

der

1. unstressed form of dir

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Etymology 3

Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).

Adverb

der

1. Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
   • (Can we date this quote?) “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:

     Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker.
     Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker.
     Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou,
     Well et sinn der zwou – esou.

     Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
     Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool.
     Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy,
     Because they’re two – just like that.
     Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.

   Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.

   I have two children and he has three.

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Middle Dutch

Article

der

1. inflection of die:
   1. feminine genitive/dative singular
   2. genitive plural

Adverb

der

1. unstressed form of dāer

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Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

Article

der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)

1. the, nominative singular masculine definite article

References

• “der” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

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Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian در‎ (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (duuar^əm), Russian дверь (dverʹ).

Adverb

der

1. out, outside, outdoors

Noun

der f

1. door

Synonyms

• derî

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dæːr/

Adverb

der

1. there

Derived terms

• deretter
• derfra
• dermed
• derved

References

• “der” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dæːr/, /deːr/

Adverb

der

1. there

Derived terms

• dermed

References

• “der” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Pennsylvania German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɛɐ̯/

Etymology

Compare German der.

Article

der m (definite)

1. the

Declension

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Accusative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem	der	em	de

Pronoun

der

1. to you

Declension

Declension of der

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative
1st - Singular	ich	mich	mir mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular	du de (unstressed)	dich	dir der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine	er	ihn en (unstressed)	ihm em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine	sie se (unstressed)	sie se (unstressed)	ihre re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter	es	es	ihm em (unstressed)
1st - Plural	mir mer (unstressed)	uns	uns
2nd - Plural	dihr der (unstressed)	eich	eich
3rd - Plural	sie	sie	ihne ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite	Sie	Sie	Ihne Ne (unstressed)

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/, [ˈdɛ(h)]

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/, [ˈdɛ(h)]
  • IPA^(key): (São Paulo) /ˈdɛ(ɾ)/, [ˈdɛ(ɾ)]
  • IPA^(key): (Rio) /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/, [ˈdɛ(χ)]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈdɛɾ/, [ˈdɛɾ]

Verb

der

1. first-person singular (eu) future subjunctive of dar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) future subjunctive of dar

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Swedish

Adverb

der

1. Obsolete spelling of där

Anagrams

• red

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Turkish

Verb

der

1. third-person singular present simple indicative positive degree of demek

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West Frisian

Adverb

der

1. there (unspecific to distance)

   Der binne trije Fryske talen

   There are three Frisian languages.

Further reading

• “der (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

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Westrobothnian

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þær, from Proto-Germanic *þar. Akin to English there.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deːr/

  Rhymes: -éːr

Adverb

der

1. right there
2. there, at the end of a journey

Antonyms

• hjär

Related terms

• dänna

Etymology 2

Unstressed doublet of the previous word.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɛr(ː)/, /der(ː)/

Pronoun

der

1. where

   Han no int der ’n jär

   He suffers no shortage where he is staying.

Adverb

der

1. farther

   derr överåm

   farther up

Preposition

der

1. (with i) in (that place)
2. (with åm) in the vicinity of

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Wolof

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

der (definite form der wi)

1. skin