der

See also: -der, Der, der-, dér, dêr, dër, and děr

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Imitative.

Pronunciation[edit]

enPR: dûr, IPA^(key): /dɜː/
Audio (AU) (file)
Rhymes: -ɜː

Interjection[edit]

der

(Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
(Australia) Indication of stupidity.
- 1979, Gabrielle Carey, Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:
  `Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.

Synonyms[edit]

duh

Etymology 2[edit]

Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.

Alternative forms[edit]

dere

Pronunciation[edit]

(AAVE) enPR: dûr(r) IPA^(key): /dɛː(ɹ)/
Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ)
Homophone: dare

Adverb[edit]

der (not comparable)

Nonstandard spelling of there.

Interjection[edit]

der

Nonstandard spelling of there.

Noun[edit]

der (uncountable)

Nonstandard spelling of there.

Pronoun[edit]

der

Nonstandard spelling of there.

Derived terms[edit]

der's

Anagrams[edit]

-red, DRE, EDR, ERD, RDE, RED, Red, erd, red

Alemannic German[edit]

Article[edit]

der

(definite) the
- 1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, page 187f:
  - 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
    Sich widersetze, wenn [...]
  - In 's Emilies Stammbuech [...]
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 67:
  Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh',
  Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel,
  De frohe Kinderspiele zue
  's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 98:
  Was host denn 's Teufels?
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 121:
  Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett,
  Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 140:
  Der Ehstand ist [...]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 160:
  Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm
  Und [...]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension[edit]

Vorarlberg:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	d'	des, 's	d'
Genitive	's	der	's
Dative	dem	der	dem	de
Accusative	de de-n- (before a vowel)	d'	des, 's	d'

Basel:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die, d'	's	die, d'
Genitive			's
Dative	dem	der, de	dem	de
Accusative	de	die, d'	's	d'

Chinese[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of d e r – see 的. (This character, der, is an Internet slang variant form of 的.)

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈdɛr]
Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb[edit]

der

second-person singular imperative of drát

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA^(key): /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]

Adverb[edit]

der

there (in or at that place)

References[edit]

“der,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Pronoun[edit]

der

(dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)
der sad to katte på et bord
two cats were sitting on a table (lit. "there sat two cats on a table")

der blev diskuteret vildt
people were debating vehemently (lit. "there was debated vehemently")
(relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)
Synonyms: hvilken, som

alle kan være enige om, at det menneske, der kommer hjem fra sin dannelsesrejse, er et mere fuldbragt menneske end det, der tog af sted.
everybody can agree that the person that returns from an educational journey is a more complete person than the one that left
added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses
jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske
I know who is going to win that bottle

hvem der bare havde en hund!
if only I had a dog

References[edit]

“der,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
“der,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Particle[edit]

der

(deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)
hun købte bordet der for ingen penge
she bought that table for no money

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(stressed) IPA^(key): /dɛr/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /dər/
Hyphenation: der

Etymology 1[edit]

Unstressed form of daar (“there”).

Adverb[edit]

der

there

Synonyms[edit]

daar, ginder, ginds

Antonyms[edit]

hier, her

Etymology 2[edit]

Article[edit]

der

(dated) (archaic) genitive singular feminine of de; of the.
geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language
(dated) (archaic) genitive plural of de; of the.
het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands
(dated) (archaic) dative singular feminine of de.

Usage notes[edit]

The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/.

Inflection[edit]

**Dutch definite article**
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	de	de	het	de
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	den	der	den	den
Accusative	den	de	het	de

Anagrams[edit]

red

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Clipping of dernier.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /dɛʁ/

Noun[edit]

der m or f (plural ders)

last
la der des ders (referring to the First World War) ― the war that ends all wars (literally, “the last of the lasts”)

Derived terms[edit]

der des ders

Galician[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German dër, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /de(ː)r/, [deːɐ̯], [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ]
The most common pronunciation is [dɛɐ̯], which is possible in all contexts. The form [deːɐ̯] may be used when the word is stressed. The reduced form [dɐ] occurs chiefly after prepositions and conjunctions. In northern and central German vernaculars, the /d/ may in this case assimilate to a preceding coronal (thus in der may colloquially become [ˈɪnɐ]).
audio (file)
Rhymes: -eːɐ̯

Article[edit]

der (definite)

the

Declension[edit]

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das	die
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	den
Accusative	den	die	das	die

Old Declension

German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	das (older also: daß)	die
Genitive	des (older also: deß)	der	des (older also: deß)	deren or derer, also der
Dative	dem	der	dem	denen, also den
Accusative	den	die	das (older also: daß)	die

This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.

Derived terms[edit]

Article[edit]

der

inflection of der:
1. genitive/dative feminine singular
2. genitive plural

Pronoun[edit]

der m (relative)

who; that; which
Ich kenne einen Mann, der das kann. ― I know a man who can do that.

Usage notes[edit]

In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

By modern grammar works it is said that derer and deren can both be used without difference.
Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

Pronoun[edit]

der f (relative)

dative feminine singular of der: (to) whom, which, that

Pronoun[edit]

der (demonstrative)

(attributive, stressed) that
Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!
(indicative) him, he
Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!
(differential) the one, him
Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das	die
genitive	dessen	deren younger also: derer	dessen	derer deren
dative	dem	der	dem	denen
accusative	den	die	das	die

By modern grammar works it is said that derer is used cataphoric, while deren is used anaphoric.
Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.

Old Declension

Declension of der
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	der	die	das older also: daß	die
genitive	dessen older also: deß, des	deren older also: der, dero	dessen older also: deß, des	derer also: deren older also: dero
dative	dem older also: deme	der	dem older also: deme	denen
accusative	den	die	das older also: daß	die

Pronoun[edit]

der f (demonstrative)

dative feminine singular of der: (to) that, (to) her

Hunsrik[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /tɐ/

Pronoun[edit]

der

unstressed dative of du.

Inflection[edit]

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Classical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /der/, [d̪ɛr]

Verb[edit]

der

first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō

Limburgish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

d'r (reduced form, the only form in most dialects)
- der- (Eupen, exists solely as a prefix)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch der, unstressed form of dāer, from Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /dæʀ/
Hyphenation: der
Rhymes: -æʀ

Adverb[edit]

der

there

Synonyms[edit]

dao

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /der/, [dɐ]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German der.

In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.

Determiner[edit]

der

unstressed form of där
(archaic outside idioms) Alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)

Declension[edit]

Luxembourgish definite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	deen (den)	déi (d')	dat (d')	déi (d')
dat.	deem (dem)	där (der)	deem (dem)	deen (den)
gen.		der

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

der

unstressed form of dir

Declension[edit]

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Etymology 3[edit]

Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).

Adverb[edit]

der

Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.
I have two children and he has three.
- (Can we date this quote?), “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker.
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker.
  Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou,
  Well et sinn der zwou – esou.
  Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
  Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool.
  Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy,
  Because they’re two – just like that.
  Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.

Middle Dutch[edit]

Article[edit]

der

inflection of die:
1. feminine genitive/dative singular
2. genitive plural

Adverb[edit]

der

unstressed form of dāer

Middle High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old High German der, from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

Pronoun[edit]

dër

(definite article) the
alliu diu freude, die diu werlt hat
all the joy that the world has
(relative) who, which, that

Declension[edit]

Declension of dër
	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	dër	diu	daz
genitive	dës	dër(e)	dës
dative	dëm(e)	dër(e)	dëm(e)
accusative	dën	die	daz
instrumental	—	—	diu
	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	die		diu
genitive	dër(e)
dative	dën
accusative	die		diu

Descendants[edit]

Alemannic German: der
German: der
Pennsylvania German: der
Yiddish: דער‎ (der)

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.

Article[edit]

der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)

the, nominative singular masculine definite article

References[edit]

“der” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Northern Kurdish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian ‎ (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (duuar^əm), Russian дверь (dverʹ).

Adverb[edit]

der

out, outside, outdoors

Noun[edit]

der f

door

Synonyms[edit]

derî

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse þar.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /dæːr/

Adverb[edit]

der

there

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

“der” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /dæːr/, /deːr/

Adverb[edit]

der

there

Derived terms[edit]

dermed

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /deːɾ/

Pronoun[edit]

der

(dialectal, South East Norway) objective case of de; alternative form of dykk (“you (plural)”)

References[edit]

“der” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old High German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

ther

Etymology[edit]

Derived from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

Pronoun[edit]

der

(definite article) the
(relative) who, which, that

Declension[edit]

Declension of der
	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	der	diu	daz
genitive	des	dera (deru, dero)	des
dative	demu, demo	deru, dero	demu, demo
accusative	den	dea, dia (die)	daz
instrumental	diu	—	diu
	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	de, dea, dia, die	deo, dio	diu (dei)
genitive	dero
dative	dem, den
accusative	de, dea, dia, die	deo, dio	diu (dei)

Descendants[edit]

Middle High German: dër
- Alemannic German: der
- German: der
- Pennsylvania German: der
- Yiddish: דער‎ (der)

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German der.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /dɛɐ̯/

Article[edit]

der m (definite)

the

Declension[edit]

Pennsylvania German definite articles
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	der	die	es	die
Dative	dem or em	der	dem or em	de
Accusative	der or den	die	es	die

Article[edit]

der

inflection of der:
1. dative feminine singular
2. accusative masculine singular

Pronoun[edit]

der

dative of du: you, to you

Declension[edit]

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Pronoun[edit]

der

you (plural)
you (polite)

Declension[edit]

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛɾ/

Verb[edit]

der

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar

Swedish[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

Obsolete spelling of där

Anagrams[edit]

red

Turkish[edit]

Verb[edit]

der

third-person singular indicative aorist of demek

West Frisian[edit]

Adverb[edit]

der

there (unspecific to distance)
Der binne trije Fryske talen
There are three Frisian languages.

Wolof[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Audio (file)

Noun[edit]

der (definite form der wi)

skin

der

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Noun[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Alemannic German[edit]

Article[edit]

Declension[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

References[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

References[edit]

Particle[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Antonyms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Article[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Galician[edit]

Verb[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Article[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Article[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Declension[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Hunsrik[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

Limburgish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Luxembourgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]