-du

See also: Appendix:Variations of "du"

Basque

Suffix

-du

1. alternative form of -tu

   ‎lagun (“friend”) + ‎-du → ‎lagundu (“to help”)

   ‎afari (“dinner”) + ‎-du → ‎afaldu (“to have dinner”)

Usage notes

• Used with stems ending in /l/ or /n/. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -du

astindu

azaldu

bazkaldu

berdindu

bildu

ehundu

erdaldundu

goibeldu

itaundu

lagundu

mindu

nabarmendu

saldu

ugaldu

zaindu

zapaldu

zuzendu

Judeo-Tat

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-du/

Suffix

-du

1. forming nouns denoting a place where something is kept

   ‎gov + ‎-du → ‎govdu (“cowshed”)

   ‎symər + ‎-du → ‎symərdu (“straw shed”)

References

• Нафталиев, М. Н. (2015), “-du”, in Е. М. Назарова, editor, Еврейско (джуури)-русский словарь [Juhuri–Russian Dictionary]‎^[1], Moscow: СТМЭГИ, page 126

Murui Huitoto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [du]

Classifier

-du

1. Classifier for objects that are high up, especially hills.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -du

anedu

idu

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 194

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• þú
• -tu, -ðu

Pronoun

-du (enclitic)

1. enclitic form of þú

   ‎kenn + ‎þú → ‎kenndu

See also

• -k

Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Turkic *-di

Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)

Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di)

Turkish -du

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـدی (-dı, -di), from Proto-Turkic *-di.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈ-du/

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	a / ı	e / i	o / u	ö / ü
default	-dı	-di	-du	-dü
assimilated	-tı	-ti	-tu	-tü

-du

1. past tense suffix

   boz(-mak) (“(to) ruin”) → bozdu (“he/she/it ruined”)

   yum(-mak) (“(to) swallow”) → yumdu (“he/she/it swallowed”)

2. used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past; equivalent to English was — were

   horoz (“rooster”) → horozdu (“it was a rooster”)

   hortum (“hose”) → hortumdu (“it was a hose”)

3. (dialectal) reduplicated to form the pluperfect

   bulduydu (“he/she/it had found”)

   Synonym: -muştu

Usage notes

• Personal suffixes are added after "-du".

  bul + -du + -m → buldum (“I found”)

  bul + -du + -n → buldun (“you found”)

  bul + -du → buldu (“he/she/it found”)

  bul + -du + -k → bulduk (“we found”)

  bul + -du + -nuz → buldunuz (“you (pl.) found”)

  bul + -du + -lar → buldular (“they found”)

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies

ALIV	-du
Brazilian standard	-du
New Tribes	-du

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɾ̠u]

Suffix

-du

1. allomorph of -dü (possessive suffix) used for stems whose last vowel is u

References

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-dü”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[3], Lyon, pages 111–112