mir

See also: mir., miř, mír, mìr, miR, Mir, and MIR

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “community, village commune; peace; world”).

Noun[edit]

mir (plural mirs)

(now historical) A traditional village community in Imperial Russia, charaterised by self-government and collectivist control of local lands. [from 19th c.]
- 1878, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Russia, volumes 1-3, page 179:
  [T]he constitution of the village […] was a subject which specially interested me, because I was aware that the Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions.
- R. Van Bergen, The Story of Russia, page 190:
  The mir was the only means to prevent this, and mir meant serfdom under another name. The landowners disposed of their land, or of so much as was required to support the peasants, not to individuals but to the mir.
- 2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 169:
  Consisting of village elders elected by the male heads of household, the mir conducted almost all peasant business, fixing the dates for the agricultural year, deciding what, when and how crops should be grown, distributing plots of land on the open fields, collecting taxes and enforcing basic community discipline.

Anagrams[edit]

IRM, MRI, RMI, rim

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German mir (“we”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /mir/ ((stressed) IPA^(key): /mɪːr/; (unstressed) IPA^(key): /mər/)

Pronoun[edit]

mir

(personal) we
(personal) dative singular of ich: (to) me

Declension[edit]

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
2nd person singular	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Bavarian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

mir

Alternative spelling of mia (“me”, dative)
Alternative spelling of mia (“we”)

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(standard) IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

audio (file)
audio (file)
Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

(colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /mɐ/, /mə/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German mir (“me”), from Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

(personal) dative of ich: me, to me:
Er gab es mir.
He gave it to me.

Mir ist kalt.
I am cold.

Derived terms[edit]

mirs (“it to me”)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle High German mir (“we”). The form originated through assimilation of wir with a preceding verb form and subsequent unetymological segmentation. This is possibly already an Old High German development, since a common Old High German ending of the 1st person plural was -em, thus bittēm wir → *bittē-mir (modern bitten wir (“ask we, do we ask”)). The contraction as such is definitely old, though the common form of assimilation, both in written Old High German and written Middle High German, is through loss of the nasal: bittē wir. The form with mir may either be a younger development in Middle High German, or a more colloquial form that only later appeared in writing. Older age is suggested by the great dominance of mir throughout modern dialects of High German. Compare Yiddish מיר (mir), Luxembourgish mir. Compare also Old Norse mit (“we two”), Norwegian Nynorsk me (“we”).

Pronoun[edit]

mir

(dialectal or colloquial) Alternative form of wir (“we”)
- 16th century / 1874, Alsfelder Passionsspiel mit Wörterbuch herausgegeben von C. W. M. Grein, p. 13 l. 458f. [note: the text also has mer for 1st person plural nominative]:
  Mir willen widder in die helle,
  Die armen sele siden und quellen.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes[edit]

The form is not common in those parts of northern Germany where Low German dialects have traditionally been spoken.

German Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

meer (some dialects)
mehr (some dialects, including Münsterländisch)

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /miːæ̯/ (Mecklenburg, Pomerania)
IPA^(key): /miːə̯/ (Holstein, Lower Saxony, northern Brandenburg)
IPA^(key): /miːr/ (southern Brandenburg)

Adjective[edit]

mir

(Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian, some Northern Low Saxon, parts of Brandenburg) comparative degree of vęl; more

Irish[edit]

Adjective[edit]

mir

inflection of mear:
1. vocative/genitive masculine singular
2. (archaic) dative feminine singular

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
mir	mhir	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Limburgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(most dialects) IPA^(key): /mɪr/
(Maastricht) IPA^(key): /mir/

Pronoun[edit]

mir

(personal, obsolete) dative singular of ich: me, to me
Mir gaaf t'r 't. ― He gave it to me.

Luxembourgish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

mer (unstressed)

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /miːr/, [miə̯], [ˈmiː.ɐ]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German mir.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

first-person singular, dative: me, to me
Dat brauchs de mir net ze erklären.
You don’t have to explain that to me.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old High German wir through assimilation with a preceding verb ending (-n w- > -m-) and subsequent unetymological segmentation. See German mir (etymology 2) for the details. Compare also Luxembourgish dir (“you”), in which a similar development took place.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

first-person plural, nominative: we
Mir hu véier Hausdéieren.
We have four pets.

Declension[edit]

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Marshallese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(phonetic) IPA^(key): [mʲirˠ]
(phonemic) IPA^(key): /mʲirˠ/
Bender phonemes: {mir}

Adjective[edit]

mir

red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

Noun[edit]

mir

the color red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

References[edit]

Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Meriam[edit]

Noun[edit]

mir

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

mir

Alternative form of mirre

Middle High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

me: dative singular of ich

Descendants[edit]

Alemannic German: mir, mer
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: miar

Mòcheno: mer
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: meer, mer
German: mir
Luxembourgish: mir, meer
Yiddish: מיר (mir)

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).^[1]

Noun[edit]

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirer, definite plural mirene)

(historical) a mir

References[edit]

^ “mir” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams[edit]

rim

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).^[1]

Noun[edit]

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirar, definite plural mirane)

(historical) a mir

References[edit]

^ “mir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

rim

Old High German[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

mir

dative singular of ih

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

dative of ich: me, to me

Declension[edit]

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

Pronoun[edit]

mir

we

Declension[edit]

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

mir

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /mir/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ir
Syllabification: mir

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish mir, mier, from Proto-Slavic *mirъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Noun[edit]

mir m inan

(dated) respect (admiration for a person or entity because of perceived merit)
Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek
(dated) peace (absence of conflict, violence, or war)
Synonyms: pokój, zgoda
(historical, law) special protection granted by a monarch to certain individuals or places
(historical) mir, obshchina (peasant village community as opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia)
Synonym: obszczina

Declension[edit]

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mir	miry
genitive	miru	mirów
dative	mirowi	mirom
accusative	mir	miry
instrumental	mirem	mirami
locative	mirze	mirach
vocative	mirze	miry

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

mir f

genitive plural of mira

Romanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мѵро (müro), from Ancient Greek μύρον (múron). Compare also Aromanian mir.

Noun[edit]

mir n (plural miruri)

Declension[edit]

Declension of mir

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) mir	mirul	(niște) miruri	mirurile
genitive/dative	(unui) mir	mirului	(unor) miruri	mirurilor
vocative	mirule		mirurilor

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

mir

first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of mira

Romansch[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin mūrus.

Noun[edit]

mir m (plural mirs)

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) exterior wall

Alternative forms[edit]

meir (Surmiran)
mür (Puter, Vallader)

Coordinate terms[edit]

paraid

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

mir f (plural mirs)

(Sutsilvan) Alternative form of mieur (“mouse”)

Derived terms[edit]

miezmir-a-miezutschi (“bat”)

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /mîːr/

Noun[edit]

mȋr m (Cyrillic spelling ми̑р)

peace
Nobelova nagrada za mir ― Nobel peace prize

centar grada je oaza mira i zelenila ― city center is an oasis of peace and greenery

mirovna konferencija ― peace conference
- 1996, United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Serbian”, in UDHR in Unicode‎^[1], archived from the original on 27 July 2021:
  Pošto je priznavanje urođenog dostojanstva i jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih članova ljudske porodice temelj slobode, pravde i mira u svetu;
  Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
calm, tranquility
ostavi me na miru! ― leave me alone!

pusti me na miru! ― leave me alone!

Declension[edit]

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mȋr	mírovi
genitive	mira	mirova
dative	miru	mirovima
accusative	mir	mirove
vocative	miru	mirovi
locative	miru	mirovima
instrumental	mirom	mirovima

Derived terms[edit]

Slovene[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

mer (dialectal)

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /míːr/
Rhymes: -ɪːr
Hyphenation: mir
Homophone: mer

Noun[edit]

mȋr m inan

peace (tranquility, quiet, harmony)
Synonyms: tišina, gmah, mah, pokoj, spokoj, blaženi mir, idilični mir, mirnst, molk, nebeški mir, nemota, pokojnost, spokojnost, sveti mir

Antonyms: hrup, hrum, hrušč, hrumot, hrupot, rumel, šunder, tumult, nemir, alarm, direndaj, nepokoj, spektakel, turbulenca, vihar, vihra
peace (state free of war)
Synonym: mirnodobno stanje

Antonym: vojno stanje
calmness, peace (a state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions)
Synonyms: mirnost, umirjenost, mirnodušje, minodušnost, pokoj, pokojnost, ravnodušje, spokoj, spokojnost, stoičnost, zlati mir

Antonyms: nemir, nemirnost, nepokoj, nepokojnost

V njenih očeh je našel mir. ― He found peace in her eyes.
(literary) peace treaty
Synonym: mirovna pogodba

Declension[edit]

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mirȗ
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mirȗ
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

Interjection[edit]

mȋr

quiet, silent
Synonyms: tiho, tišina

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *myrъ̏, from Latin mūrus. Cognates with German Mauer.^{[→Snoj, 2016]}

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /míːr/
Rhymes: -ɪːr
Hyphenation: mir
Homophone: mer

Noun[edit]

mȋr m inan

(obsolete or chiefly western dialects) wall (a rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes)^{[→Snoj, 2016]}
Synonyms: zid, zidišče

Declension[edit]

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First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent, special accent changes
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra	miróv	miróv
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvom, mirȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvih	mirȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Initialism of médico interno residente m, médica interna residente f.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmiɾ/ [ˈmiɾ]
Rhymes: -iɾ
Syllabification: mir

Noun[edit]

mir m or f by sense (plural mires)

(Spain) resident (physician in training)

Tolai[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

amir

Pronoun[edit]

mir

First-person exclusive dual pronoun: he/she and I, him/her and me

Declension[edit]

Tolai personal pronouns

	singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person exclusive	iau	amir mir	amital mital	avet ave¹
1st person inclusive	-	dor	datal	dat da¹
2nd person	u	amur mur	amutal mutal	avat ava¹
3rd person	ia i	dir di	dital	diat dia¹
¹⁾ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Veps[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Russian мир (mir).

Noun[edit]

mir

world

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of mir (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	mir
genitive sing.	mirun
partitive sing.	mirud
partitive plur.	miruid
	singular	plural
nominative	mir	mirud
accusative	mirun	mirud
genitive	mirun	miruiden
partitive	mirud	miruid
essive-instructive	mirun	miruin
translative	miruks	miruikš

inessive	mirus	miruiš
elative	miruspäi	miruišpäi
illative	miruhu	miruihe

adessive	mirul	miruil
ablative	mirulpäi	miruilpäi
allative	mirule	miruile

abessive	miruta	miruita
comitative	mirunke	miruidenke
prolative	mirudme	miruidme

approximative I	mirunno	miruidenno
approximative II	mirunnoks	miruidennoks
egressive	mirunnopäi	miruidennopäi

terminative I	miruhusai	miruihesai
terminative II	mirulesai	miruilesai
terminative III	mirussai	—

additive I	miruhupäi	miruihepäi
additive II	mirulepäi	miruilepäi

Synonyms[edit]

mail'm

References[edit]

Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “мир, свет”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Zazaki[edit]

Etymology[edit]

A shortened form of *xamîr, related to Persian (xamir).

Noun[edit]

mir

dough

[1] “mir” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

[2] “mir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

[1]

[1]

mir

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Bavarian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Further reading[edit]

German Low German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Irish[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Limburgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

See also[edit]

Luxembourgish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Marshallese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Meriam[edit]

Noun[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

Middle High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Old High German[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]