мир

See also: Мир and мір

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mir]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ir

Noun

мир • (mir) m (relational adjective ми́рен or ми́ров, diminutive ми́рец)

1. peace (a state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony)
2. peacefulness, tranquillity, repose

   Synonym: поко́й (pokój)

   мир и поко́й ― mir i pokój ― peace and quiet

   Оставе́те ме на ми́ра! ― Ostavéte me na míra! ― Leave me in peace!

3. (poetic) universe; world

   Synonyms: свят (svjat), всеми́р (vsemír), вселе́на (vseléna)

Declension

Declension of мир

	singular
indefinite	мир mir
definite (subject form)	миръ́т mirǎ́t
definite (object form)	мира́ mirá

Derived terms

• миро- (miro-) (as an element in compounds)
  • Миролю́б m (Miroljúb), Миролю́ба f (Miroljúba) (personal names)
  • Миросла́в m (Mirosláv), Миросла́ва f (Mirosláva) (personal names)
  • мирогле́д (mirogléd, “worldview, orientation”)
  • миротво́рец (mirotvórec, “peacemaker”)

adjectives

• ми́рен (míren)
• ми́ров (mírov)
• мирови́ (miroví)
• ми́рски (mírski)
• (obsolete) ми́рък (mírǎk)

given names

• Ми́ра f (Míra)
• Ми́рка f (Mírka)
• Ми́рко m (Mírko)
• Ми́рчо m (Mírčo)

nouns

• всеми́р (vsemír, “universe”)
• миря́нин (mirjánin, “layman”)
• неми́рник (nemírnik, “rebel”)

verbs

• (stative) мире́я (miréja) (dialectal)
• (stative) миру́вам (mirúvam)
• (causative-iterative) миря́ (mirjá) (dialectal)
• (inchoative) миря́сам (mirjásam)

See also

• миро́ (miró, “chrism”) (Greek borrowing, unrelated)
  • миро́сам (mirósam, “to anoint”)
  • миропома́жа (miropomáža, “to anoint”)

References

• “мир”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “мир”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899), “миръ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 69
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мир”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 110
• “миръ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Anagrams

• Рим (Rim)

Dungan

Etymology

Cognate to Mandarin 明兒／明儿 (míngr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi²⁴/

Noun

мир • (mir) (I)

1. tomorrow

   Synonyms: минтян (minti͡an), миргә (mirgə)

Even

Etymology

From Proto-Tungusic *muire, compare Evenki мирэ (mirə), Manchu ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ (meiren), Nanai муйрэ (mujre) and нгуйрэ (ŋujre), .

Noun

мир (mir)

1. shoulder

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mir]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: мир

Noun

мир • (mir) m (relational adjective мирен)

1. peace

Declension

Declension of мир

	singular
indefinite	мир (mir)
definite unspecified	мирот (mirot)
definite proximal	миров (mirov)
definite distal	мирон (miron)
vocative	миру (miru)

References

• “мир” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Northern Khanty

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

мир (mir) (Kazym)

1. people, humanity

   Synonym: йох (joh)

References

• Solovar, V. N. (2014), “мир”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)]‎^[1], 2nd edition, Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 179

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak mír, from Proto-Slavic *mirъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn мир (myr) and Slovak mier.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmir]
• Rhymes: -ir
• Hyphenation: мир

Noun

мир (mir) m inan (relational adjective мирови or мировни)

1. peace

   Synonyms: покой (pokoj), спокой (spokoj)

   будзце на мире ― budzce na mire ― be at peace

   явни порядок и мир ― javni porjadok i mir ― public order and peace

   охаб ме на мире

   oxab me na mire

   leave me alone

   (literally, “leave me at peace”)

Declension

Declension of мир (mir)

	singular	plural
nominative	мир (mir)	—
genitive	миру (miru)	—
dative	миру (miru)	—
accusative	мир (mir)	—
instrumental	миром (mirom)	—
locative	мире / миру (mire / miru)	—
vocative	мире (mire)	—

Derived terms

phrases

• най спочива у мире (naj spočiva u mire)

Related terms

adjectives

• мирни (mirni)
• мирночасови (mirnočasovi)
• миродобни (mirodobni)
• миролюбиви (miroljubivi)
• миротворни (mirotvorni)

nouns

• миритель m pers (miritelʹ)
• миролюбец m pers (miroljubec)
• миролюбиє n (miroljubije)
• мироносица f (mironosica)
• мироношитель m pers (mironošitelʹ)
• миротворец m pers (mirotvorec)
• мирян m pers (mirjan)
• нємир m inan (njemir)
• примирє n (primirje)

proper nouns

• Звонимир m pers (Zvonimir)
• Любомир m pers (Ljubomir)
• Мира f (Mira)
• Мирко m pers (Mirko)
• Мирослав m pers (Miroslav)
• Мирослава f (Miroslava)

verbs

• вимириц pf (vimiric)
• змириц pf (zmiric)
• знємириц pf (znjemiric)
• мириц impf (miric)
• мировац impf (mirovac)
• намириц pf (namiric)
• нємириц impf (njemiric)
• подмириц pf (podmiric)
• помириц pf (pomiric)
• примириц pf (primiric)
• умириц pf (umiric)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “мир”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “peace”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 206

Russian

Alternative forms

• миръ (mir) — pre-1918 spelling (only in the sense of “peace”)
• міръ (mir) — pre-1918 spelling (only in the sense of “universe, world”)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás (“peace”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

The dual meaning of "peace" and "world" is unique to Slavic. The pre-1918 orthography had an orthographical distinction of the two identically pronounced words to avoid confusion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mʲir]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

Noun

мир • (mir) m inan (genitive ми́ра, nominative plural миры́, genitive plural миро́в, relational adjective мирово́й or мирско́й, diminutive миро́к)

Миру — мир!

1. (usually uncountable) peace

   война́ и мир ― vojná i mir ― war and peace

   опло́т ми́ра ― oplót míra ― stronghold of peace

   мир во всём ми́ре (the first "мир" is "peace", the second "мир" in the prepositional case is "world")

   mir vo vsjom míre

   world peace

   (literally, “peace throughout all the world”)

   Ми́ру — мир! (the first "мир" in the dative case is "world", the second "мир" is "peace")

   Míru — mir!

   Peace to the world! (Soviet slogan)

   Же́нщины ми́ра! Крепи́те еди́нство в борьбе́ за мир. (the first "мир" in the genitive case is "world", the second "мир" in the accusative case is "peace")

   Žénščiny míra! Krepíte jedínstvo v borʹbé za mir.

   Women of the world! Strengthen unity in the struggle for peace. (from a 1978 poster by Mikhail Getman)

2. universe; world; planet

   происхожде́ние ми́ра ― proisxoždénije míra ― origin of the universe

   мир во всём ми́ре (slogan, the first "мир" is "peace", the second "мир" in the prepositional case is "world")

   mir vo vsjom míre

   world peace

   (literally, “peace throughout all the world”)

   Ми́ру — мир! (the first "мир" in the dative case is "world", the second "мир" is "peace")

   Míru — mir!

   Peace to the world! (slogan)

   Же́нщины ми́ра! Крепи́те еди́нство в борьбе́ за мир. (the first "мир" in the genitive case is "world", the second "мир" in the accusative case is "peace")

   Žénščiny míra! Krepíte jedínstvo v borʹbé za mir.

   Women of the world! Strengthen unity in the struggle for peace. (from a 1978 poster by Mikhail Getman)

Usage notes

The locative form миру́ (mirú), "(in [this]) world", is used with religious figures to indicate their secular name – for example, "Протопоп Афанасий, в миру Александр Иванович Неизвестнов" would mean "Protopope Afanasy, secular name Alexander Ivanovich Neizvestnov".

Declension

Declension of мир (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ми́р mír	миры́ mirý
genitive	ми́ра míra	миро́в miróv
dative	ми́ру míru	мира́м mirám
accusative	ми́р mír	миры́ mirý
instrumental	ми́ром mírom	мира́ми mirámi
prepositional	ми́ре míre	мира́х miráx
locative	миру́ mirú

Derived terms

Compound words:

• мировоззре́ние n (mirovozzrénije)
• мировосприя́тие n (mirovosprijátije)
• мирое́д m anim (mirojéd)
• мирозда́ние n (mirozdánije)
• миролюби́вый (miroljubívyj)
• миролю́бие n (miroljúbije)
• мироощуще́ние n (mirooščuščénije)
• миропонима́ние n (miroponimánije)
• миропоря́док m (miroporjádok)
• миротво́рец m anim (mirotvórec)
• миротво́рчество n (mirotvórčestvo)
• мироустро́йство n (miroustrójstvo)

Compounds:

• борьба́ за мир (borʹbá za mir)
• не от ми́ра сего́ (ne ot míra sevó)
• пойти́ по́ миру pf (pojtí pó miru)
• пусти́ть по́ миру pf (pustítʹ pó miru)
• ру́сский мир m (rússkij mir, “the Russian world, the Russian community”)

Phrases

• и в пир, и в мир (i v pir, i v mir)
• и в пир, и в мир, и в до́бры лю́ди (i v pir, i v mir, i v dóbry ljúdi), и в пир, и в мир, и в до́брые лю́ди (i v pir, i v mir, i v dóbryje ljúdi)
• мир ва́шему до́му (mir vášemu dómu), мир э́тому до́му (mir étomu dómu)
  • мир э́тому до́му, пойдём к друго́му (mir étomu dómu, pojdjóm k drugómu)
• ми́ру мир (míru mir)

Proverbs

• на миру́ и смерть красна́ (na mirú i smertʹ krasná)
• худо́й мир лу́чше до́брой ссо́ры (xudój mir lúčše dóbroj ssóry)

Related terms

• всеми́рный (vsemírnyj)
• мири́ть (mirítʹ)
• ми́рный (mírnyj)
• мирова́я (mirovája)
• мирово́й (mirovój)
• мирско́й (mirskój)
• миря́нин (mirjánin)
• обмирще́ние (obmirščénije)
• переми́рие (peremírije)
• примире́ние (primirénije)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: miira
• → Kildin Sami: мырр (myrr)
• → Veps: mir

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “мир 1”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “мирить”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• Kuznetsov, Sergey Alexandrovich (1998), “мир”, in Большой толковый словарь русского языка [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Norint, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mîːr/

Noun

ми̑р m inan (Latin spelling mȋr)

1. peace

   Рат и мир ― War and Peace

   Нобелова награда за мир ― Nobel peace prize

   Центар града је оаза мира и зеленила. ― The city center is an oasis of peace and greenery.

   • 1996, United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Serbian”, in UDHR in Unicode‎^[2], archived from the original on 21 May 2022:

     Пошто је признавање урођеног достојанства и једнаких и неотуђивих права свих чланова људске породице темељ слободе, правде и мира у свету;

     Pošto je priznavanje urođenog dostojanstva i jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih članova ljudske porodice temelj slobode, pravde i mira u svetu;

     Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

2. calm, tranquility

   остави ме на миру! ― leave me alone!

   пусти ме на миру! ― leave me alone!

Declension

Declension of мир

	singular	plural
nominative	ми̑р	ми́рови
genitive	мира	мирова
dative	миру	мировима
accusative	мир	мирове
vocative	миру	мирови
locative	миру	мировима
instrumental	миром	мировима

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɪr]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

мир • (myr) m inan (genitive ми́ру, uncountable)

1. peace
2. (dated) world

Declension

(peace)

Declension of мир
(inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	мир myr
genitive	ми́ру mýru
dative	ми́рові, ми́ру mýrovi, mýru
accusative	мир myr
instrumental	ми́ром mýrom
locative	ми́ру, ми́рі mýru, mýri
vocative	ми́ре mýre

(world)

Declension of мир
(inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	мир myr
genitive	ми́ру mýru
dative	ми́рові, ми́ру mýrovi, mýru
accusative	мир myr
instrumental	ми́ром mýrom
locative	миру́ myrú
vocative	ми́ре mýre

Derived terms

• ми́рний (mýrnyj)
• мирови́й (myrovýj)
• мирськи́й (myrsʹkýj)
• переми́р'я (peremýrʺja)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “мир”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “мир”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[3]