и

See also: Appendix:Variations of "i"

и U+0438, и CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I ← з [U+0437] Cyrillic й → [U+0439]

Translingual

Letter

и (upper case И)

1. A letter of several Cyrillic alphabets.

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Adyghe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jə]

• audio

  (file)

Numeral

и • (i)

1. eight

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Azerbaijani

Cyrillic letter И и (И и), normal above, italics below.

Handwritten forms

Letter

и (lowercase, uppercase и) (italics: И, и)

1. The eleventh letter of the Cyrillic alphabet as formerly used for Azeri, preceded by З and followed by Ы, and representing /ɪ/. Since 1991, this sound has been written İ.

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Bashkir

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

и • (i) (upper case И)

1. The twelfth letter of the Bashkir alphabet

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) хәреф (xäref); А а (A a), Б б (B b), В в (V v), Г г (G g), Ғ ғ (Ğ ğ), Д д (D d), Ҙ ҙ (Đ ð), Е е (Ye ye), Ё ё (Yo yo), Ж ж (Ž ž), З з (Z z), И и (I i), Й й (Y y), К к (K k), Ҡ ҡ (Q q), Л л (L l), М м (M m), Н н (N n), Ң ң (Ñ ñ), О о (O o), Ө ө (Ö ö), П п (P p), Р р (R r), С с (S s), Ҫ ҫ (Θ θ), Т т (T t), У у (U u), Ү ү (Ü ü), Ф ф (F f), Х х (X x), Һ һ (H h), Ц ц (Ts ts), Ч ч (Č č), Ш ш (Š š), Щ щ (Šč šč), Ъ ъ (ʺ ʺ), Ы ы (Ï ï), Ь ь (’ ’), Э э (E e), Ә ә (Ä ä), Ю ю (Yu yu), Я я (Ya ya)

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Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

и • (i) (upper case И)

1. The ninth letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а (A a), Б б (B b), В в (V v), Г г (G g), Д д (D d), Е е (E e), Ж ж (Ž ž), З з (Z z), И и (I i) (Ѝ ѝ (Ì ì)), Й й (J j), К к (K k), Л л (L l), М м (M m), Н н (N n), О о (O o), П п (P p), Р р (R r), С с (S s), Т т (T t), У у (U u), Ф ф (F f), Х х (H h), Ц ц (C c), Ч ч (Č č), Ш ш (Š š), Щ щ (Št št), Ъ ъ (Ǎ ǎ), Ь ь (ʹ ʹ), Ю ю (Ju ju), Я я (Ja ja)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and (used to connect two homogeneous similar words or phrases)

   Момчета и момичета излизат да играят.

   Momčeta i momičeta izlizat da igrajat.

   Boys and girls come out to play.

2. and (used at the end of a list to indicate the last item)

   хляб, масло и сирене

   hljab, maslo i sirene

   bread, butter and cheese

3. and (used to join sentences or sentence fragments in chronological order)

   Поправих стола и той отново се счупи.

   Popravih stola i toj otnovo se sčupi.

   I mended the chair and it broke again.

4. and (used to indicate causation)

   Още веднъж ме попитай за определението на „и“ и ще изкрещя.

   Ošte vednǎž me popitaj za opredelenieto na „i“ i šte izkreštja.

   Ask me the definition of “and” again and I’ll scream.

5. and (used to ask for elaboration)

   „Нямам ключ.“   „И...“   „И ми трябва, за да вляза.“

   „Njamam ključ.“   „I...“   „I mi trjabva, za da vljaza.“

   “I don't have a key.”   “And...”   “And I need one to get in.”

6. also, too, likewise, as well

   И аз няма да бъда там.

   I az njama da bǎda tam.

   I shan't be there either.

   И аз ще бъда там.

   I az šte bǎda tam.

   I shall be there, too./I shall also be there.

   и двамата ― i dvamata ― both

7. even (implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality)

   Не съм го и видял.

   Ne sǎm go i vidjal.

   I haven't even seen him.

8. just, exactly, precisely

   Така и предполагах.

   Taka i predpolagah.

   Just as I suspected.

9. (mathematics) and, plus (used to indicate addition)

   Пет и шест е единадесет.

   Pet i šest e edinadeset.

   Five and six is eleven.

Synonyms

• (also): също (sǎšto)
• (even): дори (dori)
• (exactly): именно (imenno)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈi]

Pronoun

ѝ • (ì) f (personal, possessive)

1. Short form of the third-person singular feminite pronoun in the dative case, used as the indirect object of a verb, translated as to her, for her, her, when the noun is animate, and as to it, for it, it, when the noun is inanimate.

   Дай ѝ книгата.

   Daj ì knigata.

   Give her the book.

   Той ѝ написа писмо.

   Toj ì napisa pismo.

   He wrote her a letter.

   Не ѝ се ходи на кино.

   Ne ì se hodi na kino.

   She doesn't feel like going to the cinema.

   Котката си играеше с кълбото прежда, което ѝ бяха дали.

   Kotkata si igraeše s kǎlboto prežda, koeto ì bjaha dali.

   The cat was playing with the ball of yarn they had given it.

2. Short form of the third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun, translated as her when the noun is animate, and as its when the noun is inanimate.

   Мария и баща ѝ.

   Marija i bašta ì.

   Maria and her father.

   Очите ѝ са сини.

   Očite ì sa sini.

   Her eyes are blue.

   Котката и опашката ѝ.

   Kotkata i opaškata ì.

   The cat and its tail.

Usage notes

• The accented letter ѝ (ì) is not considered a separate letter in Bulgarian, and is used only on this one occasion to disambiguate the pronoun ѝ (ì) from the conjunction и (i, “and”).

Related terms

Bulgarian personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)		Dative (indirect complement)		Prepositional
				Full	Short	Full	Short
Singular	First	—	аз (az)	мен (men) ме́не (méne)	ме (me)	ме́не (méne)	ми (mi)	мен (men) ме́не (méne)
	Second	Informal	ти (ti)	теб (teb) те́бе (tébe)	те (te)	те́бе (tébe)	ти (ti)	теб (teb) те́бе (tébe)
		Formal	Ви́е (Víe)	Вас (Vas)	Ви (Vi)	Вам (Vam)	Ви (Vi)	Вас (Vas)
	Third	Masculine	той (toj)	не́го (négo)	го (go)	не́му (nému)	му (mu)	не́го (négo)
		Feminine	тя (tja)	не́я (néja)	я (ja)	ней (nej)	ѝ (ì)	не́я (néja)
		Neuter	то (to)	не́го (négo)	го (go)	не́му (nému)	му (mu)	не́го (négo)
Plural	First	—	ни́е (níe) ний (nij)	нас (nas)	ни (ni)	нам (nam)	ни (ni)	нас (nas)
	Second	Informal	ви́е (víe) вий (vij)	вас (vas)	ви (vi)	вам (vam)	ви (vi)	вас (vas)
		Formal	Ви́е (Víe)	Вас (Vas)	Ви (Vi)	Вам (Vam)	Ви (Vi)	Вас (Vas)
	Third	—	те (te)	тях (tjah)	ги (gi)	тям (tjam)	им (im)	тях (tjah)

Bulgarian possessive pronouns

Possessor			Possessee
Number	Person		Masculine			Feminine		Neuter		Plural		Short form
			indefinite	definite subject form	definite object form	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
Singular	First		мой (moj)	мо́ят (mójat)	мо́я (mója)	мо́я (mója)	мо́ята (mójata) мо́йта (mójta)	мо́е (móe)	мо́ето (móeto) мо́йто (mójto)	мо́и (mói)	мо́ите (móite) мо́йте (mójte)	ми (mi)
	Second	Informal	твой (tvoj)	тво́ят (tvójat)	тво́я (tvója)	тво́я (tvója)	тво́ята (tvójata) тво́йта (tvójta)	тво́е (tvóe)	тво́ето (tvóeto) тво́йто (tvójto)	тво́и (tvói)	тво́ите (tvóite) тво́йте (tvójte)	ти (ti)
		Formal	Ваш (Vaš)	Ва́шият (Vášijat)	Ва́шия (Vášija)	Ва́ша (Váša)	Ва́шата (Vášata) Ва́шта (Vášta)	Ва́ше (Váše)	Ва́шето (Vášeto) Ва́што (Vášto)	Ва́ши (Váši)	Ва́шите (Vášite) Ва́ште (Vášte)	Ви (Vi)
	Third	Masculine	не́гов (négov)	не́говият (négovijat)	не́говия (négovija)	не́гова (négova)	не́говата (négovata)	не́гово (négovo)	не́говото (négovoto)	не́гови (négovi)	не́говите (négovite)	му (mu)
		Feminine	не́ин (néin)	не́йният (néjnijat)	не́йния (néjnija)	не́йна (néjna)	не́йната (néjnata)	не́йно (néjno)	не́йното (néjnoto)	не́йни (néjni)	не́йните (néjnite)	ѝ (ì)
		Neuter	не́гов (négov)	не́говият (négovijat)	не́говия (négovija)	не́гова (négova)	не́говата (négovata)	не́гово (négovo)	не́говото (négovoto)	не́гови (négovi)	не́говите (négovite)	му (mu)
Plural	First		наш (naš)	на́шият (nášijat)	на́шия (nášija)	на́ша (náša)	на́шата (nášata) на́шта (nášta)	на́ше (náše)	на́шето (nášeto) на́што (nášto)	на́ши (náši)	на́шите (nášite) на́ште (nášte)	ни (ni)
	Second	Informal	ваш (vaš)	ва́шият (vášijat)	ва́шия (vášija)	ва́ша (váša)	ва́шата (vášata) ва́шта (vášta)	ва́ше (váše)	ва́шето (vášeto) ва́што (vášto)	ва́ши (váši)	ва́шите (vášite) ва́ште (vášte)	ви (vi)
		Formal	Ваш (Vaš)	Ва́шият (Vášijat)	Ва́шия (Vášija)	Ва́ша (Váša)	Ва́шата (Vášata) Ва́шта (Vášta)	Ва́ше (Váše)	Ва́шето (Vášeto) Ва́што (Vášto)	Ва́ши (Váši)	Ва́шите (Vášite) Ва́ште (Vášte)	Ви (Vi)
	Third		те́хен (téhen)	те́хният (téhnijat)	те́хния (téhnija)	тя́хна (tjáhna)	тя́хната (tjáhnata)	тя́хно (tjáhno)	тя́хното (tjáhnoto)	те́хни (téhni)	те́хните (téhnite)	им (im)
Reflexive			свой (svoj)	сво́ят (svójat)	сво́я (svója)	сво́я (svója)	сво́ята (svójata) сво́йта (svójta)	сво́е (svóe)	сво́ето (svóeto) сво́йто (svójto)	сво́и (svói)	сво́ите (svóite) сво́йте (svójte)	си (si)

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Chechen

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and

See also

• а (a)

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Itelmen

Etymology

From Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *'iv

Noun

и (i)

1. water

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Kabardian

Kabardian cardinal numbers

<  7	8	9  >
Cardinal : и (i)

Numeral

и • (i)

1. eight

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Kazakh

Cyrillic	и (ï)
Arabic	ي‎

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /əj/

Letter

и • (ï) (lower case, upper case И)

1. The twelfth letter of the Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а (A a), Ә ә (Ä ä), Б б (B b), В в (V v), Г г (G g), Ғ ғ (Ğ ğ), Д д (D d), Е е (E e), Ё ё (Yo yo), Ж ж (J j), З з (Z z), И и (Ï ï), Й й (Y y), К к (K k), Қ қ (Q q), Л л (L l), М м (M m), Н н (N n), Ң ң (Ñ ñ), О о (O o), Ө ө (Ö ö), П п (P p), Р р (R r), С с (S s), Т т (T t), У у (W w), Ұ ұ (U u), Ү ү (Ü ü), Ф ф (F f), Х х (X x), Һ һ (H h), Ц ц (C c), Ч ч (Ç ç), Ш ш (Ş ş), Щ щ (Şş şş), Ъ ъ (ʺ ʺ), Ы ы (I ı), І і (İ i), Ь ь (ʹ ʹ), Э э (É é), Ю ю (Yw yw), Я я (Ya ya)

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Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian и (i).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/
• Hyphenation: и

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and
2. but
3. even

References

• Bubrikh, Dmitry V., Грамматика литературного Коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, 1949, page 37
• L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva, Коми-Русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], 2000, →ISBN, page 234

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Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and
2. both

   И рацете и нозете ти се изгребани.

   I racete i nozete ti se izgrebani.

   Both your arms and your legs are scratched.

Particle

и • (i)

1. too, also

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Old Church Slavonic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *jь.

Pronoun

и • (ji) m

1. him (* no nominative singular or plural; use тъ or онъ or оныи for the nominative)

Declension

Declension of и

Singular	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	и i	ѥ je	ꙗ ja
Accusative	и, нь i, nĭ	ѥ je	ѭ jǫ
Genitive	ѥго jego	ѥго jego	ѥѩ jeję
Locative	ѥмь jemĭ	ѥмь jemĭ	ѥи jei
Dative	ѥмоу jemu	ѥмоу jemu	ѥи jei
Instrumental	имь imĭ	имь imĭ	ѥѭ jejǫ

Dual	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	ꙗ ja	и i	и i
Accusative	ꙗ ja	и i	и i
Genitive	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju
Locative	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju
Dative	има ima	има ima	има ima
Instrumental	има ima	има ima	има ima

Plural	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	и i	ꙗ ja	ѩ ję
Accusative	ѩ ję	ꙗ ja	ѩ ję
Genitive	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ
Locative	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ
Dative	имъ imŭ	имъ imŭ	имъ imŭ
Instrumental	ими imi	ими imi	ими imi

Derived terms

• иже (iže)

See also

• сь (sĭ)
• тъ (tŭ)
• онъ (onŭ)

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Old East Slavic

Conjunction

и (i)

1. and

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Ossetian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

и • (i) (upper case И)

1. The twelfth letter of the Ossetian alphabet.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а (A a), Ӕ ӕ (Æ æ), Б б (B b), В в (V v), Г г (G g), Гъ гъ (Ǧ ǧ), Д д (D d), Дж дж (Ǵ ǵ), Дз дз (Ʒ ʒ), Е е (E e), З з (Z z), И и (I i), Й й (J j), К к (K k), Къ къ (K’ k’), Л л (L l), М м (M m), Н н (N n), О о (O o), П п (P p), Пъ пъ (P’ p’), Р р (R r), С с (S s), Т т (T t), Тъ тъ (Tʺ t’), У у (U u), Ф ф (F f), Х х (X x), Хъ хъ (Q q), Ц ц (C c), Цъ цъ (C’ c’), Ч ч (Ḱ ḱ), Чъ чъ (Ḱ’ ḱ’), Ы ы (Y y)

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Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [i]

• audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Early Cyrillic letter iže, from Greek Η (“eta”).

Letter

и • (i) (lower case, upper case И) (italics: И, и)

1. The tenth letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is и (i) and is usually pronounced /i/, but unstressed or after certain consonants it merges with ы into /ɪ/. It is preceded by З (Z) and followed by Й (J).

See also

• Wikipedia article on the Cyrillic alphabet
• Search en.wiktionary.org for articles beginning with: И, и

Noun

и • (i) n inan (indeclinable)

1. The Cyrillic letter И (I), и (i).
2. (Roman letter) I, i
3. (English letter) E, e

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *i, from Proto-Indo-European *ei, an early locative singular determiner, formed from the root *h₁e-, *h₁o-. Compare Greek εἰ (eἰ, “if”), Gothic 𐌴𐌹 (ei, “and, so that, be it”). Follows from ablative Proto-Indo-European *ed.

Conjunction

и • (i)

1. and

   Вот я́блоко и гру́ша.

   Vot jábloko i grúša.

   Here’s an apple and a pear.

   Да и да́же уже́ не боли́т

   Da i dáže užé ne bolít

   And it doesn't even hurt anymore.

   Да да́же уже́ и не боли́т

   Da dáže užé i ne bolít

   And it doesn't even hurt anymore.

2. as well as, both ... and ...

   Росси́и нужны́ и а́рмия, и фло́т.

   Rossíi nužný i ármija, i flót.

   Russia needs an army as well as a navy.

3. as well

   Я и э́то зна́ю.

   Ja i éto znáju.

   I know that as well.

4. even

   Бою́сь дана́йцев и дары́ принося́щих

   Bojúsʹ danájcev i darý prinosjáščix

   I fear the Danaans [Greeks], even those bearing gifts.

   Да он и её не нашёл — сло́вно нас успе́ли обокра́сть.

   Da on i jejó ne našól — slóvno nas uspéli obokrástʹ.

   And he didn't find even that, as if someone had managed to rob us.

   Ой, да я ж да́же и не пыта́лся!

   Oj, da ja ž dáže i ne pytálsja!

   Oh my! I didn't even try to put any effort! (It can be either sarcasm or not) (даже means "even" too)

Synonyms

• (and): а (a)
• (and): да (da)

Etymology 3

Same as 2.

Particle

и • (i)

1. (preceding a verb) Emphasizes the truth of the following verb. Note that "есть (jestʹ)" is also used, which is usually omitted.

   Он так и де́лает.

   On tak i délajet.

   He does do it that way.

   Она́ и пошла́ туда́.

   Oná i pošlá tudá.

   She did go there.

   Оно́ и есть тако́е.

   Onó i jestʹ takóje.

   It is like that.

   Я и есть тот челове́к.

   Ja i jestʹ tot čelovék.

   I am that person.

Descendants

• → Komi-Zyrian: и (i)

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /i/

Letter

и (Latin spelling i)

1. The 10th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic alphabet, preceded by з and followed by ј.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *i, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• audio

  (file)

Conjunction

и (Latin spelling i)

1. and

   Ивица и Марица се воле ― Ivica and Marica love each other.

   и тако даље ― and so on

2. (и..и..) both..and..

   не можеш истовремено и тужити и судити. ― you can't simultaneously both sue and judge

3. also, too

   и мени се свиђа ваш одабир ― I like your choice too

4. even (usually preceded by ча̏к)

   (чак) и ја сам позван на забаву! ― even I have been invited to the party

5. (не са̏мо .. не̏го/ве̏ћ и...) also, too

   он је не само даровит, него и јако марљив ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious

6. so, so that (= те, па)

   уморио сам се и нисам могао више играти кошарку ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore

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Tundra Nenets

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjiː/

Noun

и • (yī)

1. mind

Derived terms

• исавэй

 

References

• A. P. Pyrerka and N. M. Tereshenko, editors, Русско-Ненецкий словарь [Russian-Nenets dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, 1948, page 292
• Irina Nikolaeva, A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2014, →ISBN, page 32

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Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɪ/

Letter

и • (y) (upper case И)

1. The eleventh letter of the Ukrainian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

• (Cyrillic-script letters) А а (A a), Б б (B b), В в (V v), Г г (H h), Ґ ґ (G g), Д д (D d), Е е (E e), Є є (Je je), Ж ж (Ž ž), З з (Z z), И и (Y y), І і (I i), Ї ї (Ji ji), Й й (J j), К к (K k), Л л (L l), М м (M m), Н н (N n), О о (O o), П п (P p), Р р (R r), С с (S s), Т т (T t), У у (U u), Ф ф (F f), Х х (X x), Ц ц (C c), Ч ч (Č č), Ш ш (Š š), Щ щ (Šč šč), Ь ь (ʹ ʹ), Ю ю (Ju ju), Я я (Ja ja)