Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jis, from Proto-Indo-European *ís and Proto-Indo-European *yós. Cognate with Lithuanian jis (“he”).
Determiner[edit]
Declension[edit]
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь | *ja | *je |
| Accusative | *jь | *jǫ | *je |
| Genitive | *jego | *jeję | *jego |
| Locative | *jemь | *jejь | *jemь |
| Dative | *jemu | *jejь | *jemu |
| Instrumental | *jimь | *jejǫ | *jimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Accusative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Genitive | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Locative | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Dative | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Instrumental | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ji | *ję | *ja |
| Accusative | *ję | *ję | *ja |
| Genitive | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Locative | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Dative | *jimъ | *jimъ | *jimъ |
| Instrumental | *jimi | *jimi | *jimi |
In the relative function, *jь was supplemented with *že; see *jь že.
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- *jь, *čьjь, *jьnъ, *kъjь, *onъ, *ovъ, *sь, *tъ, *vьśь
- *jakъ, *jьnakъ, *kakъ, *onakъ, *ovakъ, *sicь, *takъ, *vьśakъ
- *koterъ, *jeterъ
Further reading[edit]
- Oleg Trubachyov, editor (1981) , “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 204 of 252
Pronoun[edit]
Declension[edit]
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь | *ja | *je |
| Accusative | *jь | *jǫ | *je |
| Genitive | *jego | *jeję | *jego |
| Locative | *jemь | *jejь | *jemь |
| Dative | *jemu | *jejь | *jemu |
| Instrumental | *jimь | *jejǫ | *jimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Accusative | *ja | *ji | *ji |
| Genitive | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Locative | *jeju | *jeju | *jeju |
| Dative | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Instrumental | *jima | *jima | *jima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ji | *ję | *ja |
| Accusative | *ję | *ję | *ja |
| Genitive | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Locative | *jixъ | *jixъ | *jixъ |
| Dative | *jimъ | *jimъ | *jimъ |
| Instrumental | *jimi | *jimi | *jimi |
Already in Old Church Slavonic, the nominative forms of this pronoun had mostly fallen out of use, and were supplanted by reflexes of *onъ (“that over there”) and *tъ (“this, that”). It's not certain whether this had already happened within Proto-Slavic but it is likely.
Following a preposition, a prothetic n- is attached to the pronoun in many Slavic languages, including Old Church Slavonic. This probably arose through resegmentation of prepositions that originally ended in -n; through the law of open syllables, it became preferable to consider the final consonant as part of the next syllable, so it was shifted onto the pronoun.
Descendants[edit]
In all of the descendants, the forms of this pronoun have become part of a suppletive paradigm, and are combined with a nominative form from an unrelated root. The following lists the nominative form of the paradigms that have incorporated forms of *jь as their non-nominative case forms.
- South Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Oleg Trubachyov, editor (1981) , “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 204 of 252
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) , “он”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubačóv, Moscow: Progress
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*jь(že)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 208: “prn.”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Olander, Thomas (2001) , “jь ja je”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “he: cf. Table X (SA 35f., 244; PR 138)”