is
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”). Cognate with West Frisian is (“is”), Dutch is (“is”), German ist (“is”), Afrikaans is (“am, are, is”) Old Swedish är, er, Old Norse er, es.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɪs/
- (UK, US, Canada, General Australian) IPA(key): /ɪz/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘz/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪz
Verb[edit]
is
- Third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
- He is a doctor.
- 1999 January 8, Ken Starr, quoting Bill Clinton, Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28, United States Code, Section 595(c) (Starr Report)[1], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, retrieved 14 February 2020, page 176:
- "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is."
- 2012, Robert Moore, Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara (→ISBN), page 137:
- "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her. [...] "Tomorrow is two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
- (now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is a third-person plural.
- There is three of them there.
- c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii], page 141, column 2:
- Ber. There is five in the firſt ſhew, / Ken. You are deceiued, tis not so.
Quotations[edit]
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:is.
Alternative forms[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
Anagrams[edit]
Afar[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
ís
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “is”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Afrikaans[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
- am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)
- Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle
Bagusa[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
References[edit]
- Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428
Catalan[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
Cimbrian[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
is
- (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)
References[edit]
- “is” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Danish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is)
- (uncountable) ice (water in frozen form)
- (uncountable) ice, ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containing cream)
- (countable) ice, ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)
Inflection[edit]
Dutch[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
- third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
- Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine
Adverb[edit]
is
Anagrams[edit]
Gothic[edit]
Romanization[edit]
is
- Romanization of 𐌹𐍃
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adverb[edit]
is (not comparable) (clitic)
- also, too, as well
- Synonyms: szintén, ugyancsak, úgyszintén, éppúgy, (formal; the others are relatively literary in style) szintúgy
- Én is szeretem a csokit. ― I, too, like chocolate (aside from other people).
- (Én) a csokit is szeretem. ― I also like chocolate (aside from other things).
- even, up to, as much as, as long as
- Három óráig is tarthat a műtét ― The operation may even take three hours.
- (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)
- Hogy is hívják? ― What's that called, again?
Usage notes[edit]
When it is used with a concessive adverb (“no matter what/who/when” etc.), it is traditionally placed after the verb, though it is becoming more common to use it after the adverb instead:
- (traditionally, chiefly in literary style) Bármilyen hosszúra nyúlt is az előadás,…
(more recently) Bármilyen hosszúra is nyúlt az előadás,…- No matter how long the lecture/performance stretched,…
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
- egyaránt (“equally, alike”)
Further reading[edit]
- is in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Irish[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From agus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
is
- reduced form of agus (“and; as”)
- Dia is Muire duit.
- Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Virgin Mary to you.)
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:
- wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?
- conventional orthography: An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?
- Are the potatoes as good as he said?
- conventional orthography: An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?
- wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?
- 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:
- ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
- conventional orthography: An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.
- The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.
- conventional orthography: An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.
- ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Irish is (“is”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/ (before nouns and adjectives)
- IPA(key): /ʃ/ (before the pronouns é, í, ea, iad)
Particle[edit]
is
- Present/future realis copula form
- Is múinteoir é Dónall. ― Dónall is a teacher.(definition: predicate is indefinite)
- Is é Dónall an múinteoir. ― Dónall is the teacher.(identification: predicate is definite)
- Is féidir liom snámh. ― I can swim.(idiomatic noun predicate)
- Is maith liom tae. ― I like tea.(idiomatic adjective predicate)
- Is mise a chonaic é. ― I'm the one who saw him.(compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)
- Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir. ― It's Dónall who is a teacher.(cleft sentence)
- Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
- an buachaill is mó ― the bigger boy; the biggest boy
- Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.
- The boy is bigger than James.
- Is é Séamas an buachaill is mó in Éirinn!
- James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")
Usage notes[edit]
- Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
- The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrase bí i do (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g. Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents: bheith ábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is féidir), bheith ag iarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is mian), bheith ina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
- In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná (“than”).
Related terms[edit]
Simple copular forms
|
Compound copular forms
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
v Used before vowel sounds |
Kwerba[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
References[edit]
- Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428 (used in both Kwerba proper and Anggreso Kwerba)
Lacandon[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Mayan *iihs.
Noun[edit]
is
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Baer, Phillip; Baer, Mary; Chan Kꞌin, Manuel; Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 65–66
Latin[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronunciation[edit]
Determiner[edit]
is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun
- (pronoun) this or that man, woman or thing; he, she, it (previously introduced)
- Picks up the subject or object after an intervening clause, to avoid repeating the relative pronoun quī, or substitutes syntactically fronted expressions
- (correlative) that...which; he, she...who, it...that
- (determiner) this or that [man, woman or thing] (as a noun phrase modifier)
- (with genus with nominative or modī with genitive) such a, that sort of
- eiusmodī sermōnēs ― talk of that kind
- Marcus Valerius Probus, Fragmenta 66.29:
- […] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cum id genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
- […] 'urbīs' or 'urbēs'. For as far as I can see, you're the kind of man who doesn't lose sleep over his mistakes; as such you'll lose nothing whichever one you use.
- […] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cum id genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
- Substituting a clause.
- quod eius fierī possit ― as far as [any of that is] possible
- As an internal accusative: for that reason, on that account
- idque gaudeō ― and I'm glad about that
- Used in various prepositional phrases.
Usage notes[edit]
Latin is is an endophoric pronoun and determiner, which may be employed either as an anaphora or as a cataphora, meaning it serves as a reference to something preceding or following, respectively, in the text. Unlike a demonstrative such as ille or English this, is does not have a deictic function, meaning it cannot point to a referent in the world, but only one named in the text; nor can it be used exophorically as a 3d-person pronoun such as English (s)he that refers to something not already defined in the context but presumed to be known or deduceable by the addressee. Thus we see it used with first, second and third person.
The exophoric demonstratives/determiners in Latin are hic (proximal, near the speaker), iste (distal, near the listener), and ille (distal, far from both). Note that Latin doesn't have any 3rd-person pronouns, using the aforementioned demonstratives in their place.
Oblique cases are rare in elevated poetry.
Declension[edit]
Demonstrative pronoun.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | is | ea | id | ī1 iī eī |
eae | ea | |
Genitive | eius | eōrum | eārum | eōrum | |||
Dative | ei2 ēī |
īs1 iīs eīs | |||||
Accusative | eum | eam | id | eōs | eās | ea | |
Ablative | eō | eā | eō | īs1 iīs eīs |
1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /iː/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic iī, spelled II, Iꟾ, apears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic eīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
2The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
Etymology 2[edit]
Inflected form of eō (“go”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
īs
References[edit]
- is in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Middle Dutch[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
is (uncountable)
- ice (frozen water):
- A layer of frozen water as a surface.
- (rare) An individual portion of ice.
- (rare, figuratively) That which is short-lived like ice.
- (rare) icy conditions
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “īs, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-15.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old English is, third-person present singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *isti, third-person present singular of *wesaną (“to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
- third-person singular present indicative of been
- Synonym: bith
Descendants[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Determiner[edit]
is
- Alternative form of his (“his”)
Pronoun[edit]
is
- Alternative form of his (“his”)
Etymology 4[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
is
- Alternative form of his (“her”)
Etymology 5[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
is
- Alternative form of his (“them”)
Etymology 6[edit]
Noun[edit]
is (plural isnes)
- Alternative form of iren (“iron”)
[edit]
Interjection[edit]
is
- as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you say expressing surprise
Usage notes[edit]
Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.
Alternative forms[edit]
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse íss (“ice”), from Proto-Germanic *īsaz, a variant of *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).
Noun[edit]
is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural is or iser, definite plural isene)
Synonyms[edit]
- iskrem (ice cream)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Anagrams[edit]
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Akin to English ice.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane)
Synonyms[edit]
- iskrem (ice cream)
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “is” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Nyishi[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Tani *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *si.
Noun[edit]
is
References[edit]
- P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language[4], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors
Old English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-, *ey-, *ī- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old Saxon īs (Low German Ies), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is). There are parallels in many Iranian languages, apparently from the same Indo-European root: Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬀 (aēxa, “frost, ice”), Persian یخ (yax), Pashto جح (jaḥ), Ossetian их (ix).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
īs n
- ice
- Hit is swā ċeald þæt wæter sōna tō īse ġefrīest.
- It's so cold that water immediately freezes to ice.
- the Legend of St Andrew
- Ofer ēastrēamas īs bryċġode.
- The ice formed a bridge over the streams.
- the runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Old High German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-West Germanic *īs. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss.
Noun[edit]
īs
Descendants[edit]
- Middle High German: īs
Old Irish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The lemma is itself is from Proto-Celtic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti; other forms are from either *h₁es- or *bʰuH-.
Verb[edit]
is
- to be
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Usage notes[edit]
This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb" at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce a cleft sentence.
Conjugation[edit]
See {{sga-conj-is}}
for the complete conjugation.
Synonyms[edit]
- at·tá (substantive verb)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 is”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003)D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 791–818, pages 483–94
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 419–431
Old Saxon[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *it.
Pronoun[edit]
is (is)
Declension[edit]
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
Etymology 3[edit]
From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is).
Noun[edit]
īs n
Declension[edit]
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | īs | īs |
accusative | īs | īs |
genitive | īses | īsō |
dative | īse | īsun |
instrumental | — | — |
Descendants[edit]
Onondaga[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
is
References[edit]
- Hanni Woodbury (2018) A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page 309
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
- plural of i
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
- Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
- If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!
- Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
Scots[edit]
Adverb[edit]
is (not comparable)
Synonyms[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
is
Synonyms[edit]
Pronoun[edit]
is (personal, non-emphatic)
See also[edit]
Verb[edit]
is
- third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
See also[edit]
Scottish Gaelic[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
is
- Clipping of agus (“and”).
Usage notes[edit]
- Is is often shortened further to 's.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Irish is. Cognate with Irish is and Manx s'.
Verb[edit]
is
- (copulative) am, is, are
Inflection[edit]
First sg | Second sg | Third sg m | Third sg f | First pl | Second pl | Third pl | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Present | tha mi | tha thu | tha e | tha i | tha sinn | tha sibh | tha iad |
Past | bha mi | bha thu | bha e | bha i | bha sinn | bha sibh | bha iad | |
Future | bidh mi bithidh mi |
bidh tu bithidh tu |
bidh e bithidh e |
bidh i bithidh i |
bidh sinn bithidh sinn |
bidh sibh bithidh sibh |
bidh iad bithidh iad | |
Conditional | bhithinn | bhiodh tu bhitheadh tu |
bhiodh e bhitheadh e |
bhiodh i bhitheadh i |
bhiomaid bhitheamaid |
bhiodh sibh bhitheadh sibh |
bhiodh iad bhitheadh iad | |
Imperative | bitheam | bi | biodh e bitheadh e |
biodh i bitheadh i |
biomaid bitheamaid |
bithibh | biodh iad bitheadh iad | |
Negative | Present | chan eil mi | chan eil thu | chan eil e | chan eil i | chan eil sinn | chan eil sibh | chan eil iad |
Past | cha robh mi | cha robh thu | cha robh e | cha robh i | cha robh sinn | cha robh sibh | cha robh iad | |
Future | cha bhi mi | cha bhi thu | cha bhi e | cha bhi i | cha bhi sinn | cha bhi sibh | cha bhi iad | |
Conditional | cha bhithinn | cha bhiodh tu cha bhitheadh tu |
cha bhiodh e cha bhitheadh e |
cha bhiodh i cha bhitheadh i |
cha bhiomaid cha bhitheamaid |
cha bhiodh sibh cha bhitheadh sibh |
cha bhiodh iad cha bhitheadh iad | |
Affirmative Interrogative |
Present | a bheil mi? | a bheil thu? | a bheil e? | a bheil i? | a bheil sinn? | a bheil sibh? | a bheil iad? |
Past | an robh mi? | an robh thu? | an robh e? | an robh i? | an robh sinn? | an robh sibh? | an robh iad? | |
Future | am bi mi? | am bi thu? | am bi e? | am bi i? | am bi sinn? | am bi sibh? | am bi iad? | |
Conditional | am bithinn? | am biodh tu? am bitheadh tu? |
am biodh e? am bitheadh e? |
am biodh i? am bitheadh i? |
am biomaid? am bhitheamaid? |
am biodh sibh? am bitheadh sibh? |
am biodh iad? am bitheadh iad? | |
Negative Interrogative |
Present | nach eil mi? | nach eil thu? | nach eil e? | nach eil i? | nach eil sinn? | nach eil sibh? | nach eil iad? |
Past | nach robh mi? | nach robh thu? | nach robh e? | nach robh i? | nach robh sinn? | nach robh sibh? | nach robh iad? | |
Future | nach bi mi? | nach bi thu? | nach bi e? | nach bi i? | nach bi sinn? | nach bi sibh? | nach bi iad? | |
Conditional | nach bithinn? | nach biodh tu? nach bitheadh tu? |
nach biodh e? nach bitheadh e? |
nach biodh i? nach bitheadh i? |
nach biomaid? nach bhitheamaid? |
nach biodh sibh? nach bitheadh sibh? |
nach biodh iad? nach bitheadh iad? | |
Relative future |
Affirmative | (ma) bitheas mi | (ma) bitheas tu | (ma) bitheas e | (ma) bitheas i | (ma) bitheas sinn | (ma) bitheas sibh | (ma) bitheas iad |
Negative | (mur) bi mi | (mur) bi tu | (mur) bi e | (mur) bi i | (mur) bi sinn | (mur) bi sibh | (mur) bi iad | |
Infinitive | a bhith |
First sg | Second sg | Third sg m | Third sg f | First pl | Second pl | Third pl | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Present | is mi | is thu | is e | is i | is sinn | is sibh | is iad |
Past | bu mi | bu thu | b'e | b'i | bu sinn | bu sibh | b'iad | |
Conditional | ||||||||
Negative | Present | cha mhi | cha tu | chan e | chan i | cha sinn | cha sibh | chan iad |
Past | cha bu mi | cha bu thu | cha b'e | cha b'i | cha bu sinn | cha bu sibh | cha b'iad | |
Conditional | ||||||||
Affirmative Interrogative |
Present | am mi? | an tu? | an e? | an i? | an sinn? | an sibh? | an iad? |
Past | am bu mi | am bu thu | am b'e | am b'i | am bu sinn | am bu sibh | am b'iad | |
Conditional | ||||||||
Negative Interrogative |
Present | nach mi? | nach tu? | nach e? | nach i? | nach sinn? | nach sibh? | nach iad? |
Past | nach bu mi | nach bu thu | nach b'e | nach b'i | nach bu sinn | nach bu sibh | nach b'iad | |
Conditional |
Present | Past | Future | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent | thathar, thatar, thathas | bhathar, bhatar, bhathas | bithear, bitear, bitheas |
Negative | chan eilear, chan eileas | cha robhas, cha robhar | cha bithear, cha bitear, cha bitheas |
Affirmative interrogative | am beilear? am beileas? a bheilear? a bheileas? |
an robhas? an robhar? | am bithear? am biteas? |
Negative interrogative | nach eilear? nach eileas? | nach robhas? nach robhar? | nach bithear? nach bitear? nach bitheas? |
Usage notes[edit]
- Is is often shortened to 's.
- Is is used when linking the subject of a sentence with an object ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verb bi are used:
- Is mise Dòmhnall. ― I am Donald.
- Tha mise anns an t-seòmar. ― I am in the room.
References[edit]
- Colin Mark (2003), “is”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 368
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Swedish is, from Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
is c
- (uncountable) Ice; frozen water.
- (countable) Ice; a sheet of ice lying on a body of water.
Declension[edit]
Declension of is | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | is | isen | isar | isarna |
Genitive | is | isens | isars | isarnas |
Related terms[edit]
- isa
- isas
- isbacke
- isbalett
- isbana
- isbark
- isbelagd
- isbeläggning
- isberg
- isbildning
- isbill
- isbit
- isbjörn
- isblock
- isblomma
- isblå
- isblåsa
- isborr
- isbrytande
- isbrytare
- isbrytning
- isbränna
- isbunden
- isbälte
- ischoklad
- isdans
- isdubb
- isdämd
- isdös
- isfiske
- isflak
- isfläck
- isfri
- isfält
- isfågel
- isförhållanden
- isgata
- isglass
- isgrå
- ishalka
- ishall
- ishav
- ishinder
- ishink
- ishinna
- ishockey
- isig
- isigt
- isjakt
- iskaffe
- iskall
- iskana
- iskant
- iskarl
- iskarvning
- isklump
- iskonvalj
- iskorn
- iskravning
- iskristall
- iskub
- iskyla
- iskyld
- Island
- islom
- islossning
- isläge
- islägga
- islår
- ismaskin
- ismassa
- isning
- isnot
- ispansar
- ispik
- isprinsessa
- ispropp
- isracing
- isrand
- isranunkel
- israpport
- isränna
- issituation
- issjö
- isskorpa
- isskrapa
- isskruvning
- isskulptur
- isskåp
- issmältning
- isstack
- isstadion
- isstycke
- issvårigheter
- issåg
- issågning
- issörja
- istapp
- iste
- istid
- isträning
- istäcke
- istäckt
- istärning
- isvak
- isvatten
- isvinter
- isvit
- isvägg
- isyxa
- isälv
- isöken
- nyis
- tunn is
References[edit]
Tok Pisin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
is
Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Turkic *ï̄ĺ(č) (“soot, dirty smoke”).
Noun[edit]
is (definite accusative isi, plural isler)
Derived terms[edit]
Declension[edit]
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | is | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | isi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | is | isler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | isi | isleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ise | islere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | iste | islerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | isten | islerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | isin | islerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Volapük[edit]
Adverb[edit]
is
Welsh[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- îs (obsolete)
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Welsh is, from Proto-Celtic *ɸīssu (“under”), from Proto-Indo-European *pedsú, locative plural of *pṓds (“foot”). Cognate with Old Irish ís.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /iːs/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /iːʃ/
Adjective[edit]
is
Preposition[edit]
is
- lower than, under
Related terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
is | unchanged | unchanged | his |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Yola[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English is, from Old English is.
Verb[edit]
is
- Third-person singular simple present indicative form of ba
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
- Doost thou know fidi is a hamaron?
- Do you know where is the horse-collar?
References[edit]
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 44
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- da:Ice
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