kind

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See also: Kind and -kind

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation[edit]

  • enPR: kīnd, IPA(key): /kaɪnd/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪnd

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd (“generation, kind, nature, race”), ġecynd, from Proto-Germanic *kundiz, *gakundiz, related to *kunją. Cognate with Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). See also kin.

Noun[edit]

kind (plural kinds)

  1. A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
    What kind of a person are you?
    This is a strange kind of tobacco.
    • (Can we date this quote?) William Shakespeare
      How diversely Love doth his pageants play, / And shows his power in variable kinds !
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎[1]:
      “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
        Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”
  2. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
    The opening served as a kind of window.
    • 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII
      I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.
  3. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter vij, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:
      And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede / […] / and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde
  5. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
    • (Can we date this quote?) John Dryden
      Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.
  6. Equivalent means used as response to an action.
    I'll pay in kind for his insult.
  7. (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.
Usage notes[edit]

In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.

Synonyms[edit]
The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. Use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}} to add them to the appropriate sense(s).

(1) and/or (2)

Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from Old English cynde, ġecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ġecynd (“nature, kind”).

Adjective[edit]

kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)

  1. Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
  2. Affectionate.
    a kind man; a kind heart
    • Goldsmith
      Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was his fault.
    • Waller
      O cruel Death, to those you take more kind / Than to the wretched mortals left behind.
  3. Favorable.
  4. Mild, gentle, forgiving
    The years have been kind to Richard Gere; he ages well.
  5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed.
    a horse kind in harness
  6. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
    • c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:
      Ȝet haue I no kynde knowing quod I · ȝet mote ȝe kenne me better.
    • Holland
      It becometh sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind taste.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
terms derived from kind (adjective)
Translations[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch kind.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kind (plural kinders)

  1. child

Anagrams[edit]

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)

  1. cheek

Inflection[edit]

Declension of kind
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kinden kinder kinderne
genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernes

Dutch[edit]

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kindą (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to give birth”).

Noun[edit]

kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)

  1. child, kid, non-adult human
  2. descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age
    In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
    In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family
  3. (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.

Usage notes[edit]

  • The normal plural is kinderen. The form kinders is heard colloquially.
  • In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind-. The former is used more often, however.
  • The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Icelandic[edit]

Icelandic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia is

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kind f

  1. (obsolete) race, kind, kin
  2. a sheep (especially a ewe)
  3. (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)

Declension[edit]

declension of kind
f-s3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindur kindurnar
accusative kind kindina kindur kindurnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Old Norse[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin gēns (“clan, tribe”).

Noun[edit]

kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)

  1. race, kind, kin
  2. creature, being

Declension[edit]

  Declension of kind (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative kind kindin kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
accusative kind kindina kindir, kindr kindirnar, kindrnar
dative kind kindinni kindum kindunum
genitive kindar kindarinnar kinda kindanna

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • kind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *kindą (“child”).

Noun[edit]

kind n

  1. child

Declension[edit]

Declension of kind (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kind
accusative kind kind
genitive kindes kindō
dative kinde kindun
instrumental — —


Declension of kind (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative kind kindiru
accusative kind kindiru
genitive kindes kindirō
dative kinde kindirum
instrumental — —


Descendants[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

kind c

  1. (anatomy) cheek; a part of the face.

Declension[edit]

Declension of kind 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative kind kinden kinder kinderna
Genitive kinds kindens kinders kindernas
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