fel

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See also: fél, fêl, and fel-

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch fel, from Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

fel (attributive fel, comparative feller, superlative felste)

  1. ferocious, fierce
  2. bright (e.g. sunlight)

Adverb[edit]

fel

  1. fiercely, ferociously

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel m or f (plural fels)

  1. gall, bile
    Synonym: bilis
  2. (figurative) misery
  3. (figurative) rancor
    Synonym: rancúnia

Further reading[edit]

Cornish[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel

  1. Mixed mutation of mel.

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch fel, from Old French fel.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /fɛl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: fel
  • Rhymes: -ɛl

Adjective[edit]

fel (comparative feller, superlative felst)

  1. bright, shiny (e.g. sunlight)
  2. fierce, feisty, even bitter
  3. flashy, showy

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of fel
uninflected fel
inflected felle
comparative feller
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial fel feller het felst
het felste
indefinite m./f. sing. felle fellere felste
n. sing. fel feller felste
plural felle fellere felste
definite felle fellere felste
partitive fels fellers —

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Afrikaans: fel
  • → Papiamentu: fel (dated)

Adverb[edit]

fel

  1. fiercely
    De Frisii waren een Germaans volk en net als verscheidene andere Germaanse volkeren wisten ze zich fel te verdedigen tegen de Romeinen[*] — The Frisii were a Germanic people and, just like various other Germanic peoples, they knew how to defend themselves fiercely against the Romans.

Descendants[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Elfdalian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Swedish fuller.

Adverb[edit]

fel

  1. probably, likely

Fala[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Portuguese fazer and Galician facer.

Alternative forms[edit]

Verb[edit]

fel

  1. (Lagarteiru, Mañegu) to do, make
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of fel (Lagarteiru)
infinitive fel
gerund fendu
past participle masculine feminine
singular feitu feita
plural feitus feitas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative ei tú el/ela nos vos elis/elas
present fagu fais fai femus feis fadin
imperfect feya feyas feya féyamus feyis feyan
preterite fidi fidestis
fidetis 		fidu fidemus fidestis
fidetis 		fideran
future fairé fairás fairá fairemus faireis fairán
conditional fairía fairías fairía fairíamus fairíis
fairíais 		fairían
subjunctive ei tú el/ela nos vos elis/elas
present faga fagas faga fagamus fagais fagan
imperfect (ra) fidera fideras fidera fidéramus fideris fideran
imperfect (si) fidesi fidesis fidesi fidésimus fidesis fidesin
imperative — fai — — fei —
Conjugation of fel (Mañegu)
infinitive fel
gerund fendu
past participle masculine feminine
singular feitu feita
plural feitus feitas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative ei tú el/ela nos vos elis/elas
present fayu fais fai femus
feimus 		feis fayin
imperfect feya feyas feya féyamus feyis
feyais 		feyan
preterite fidi fidestis fidu fidemus fidestis fideran
future fairé fairás fairá fairemus faireis fairán
conditional fairía fairías fairía fairíamus fairíis
fairíais 		fairían
subjunctive ei tú el/ela nos vos elis/elas
present faya fayas faya fayamus fayais fayan
imperfect (ra) fidera fideras fidera fidéramus fideris
fiderais 		fideran
imperfect (si) fidesi fidesis fidesi fidésimus fidesis fidesin
imperative — fai — — fei —
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel , from Vulgar Latin *felem.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel f (uncountable)

  1. (Mañegu, Valverdeñu) bile

References[edit]

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel m (plural feles)

  1. gall; bile
    Synonym: bile
  2. (figuratively) meanness
    Synonym: amargura

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “fel” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “fel” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “fel” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Hungarian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Uralic *pide.[1][2]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

fel (comparative feljebb, superlative legfeljebb)

  2. up, upward, upwards (to a physically higher or more elevated position)
    Synonym: felfelé
    Antonyms: le, lefelé
    Coordinate terms: fent, fenn, (at a physically higher position) felül

Usage notes[edit]

This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with fel-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see fel-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.

Derived terms[edit]

Expressions
See the compound word derivations below, at the noun sense.

Noun[edit]

fel (uncountable)

  2. (archaic) Alternative form of föl (“upper part, surface”)
    Synonyms: (upper part) felső rész, (surface) felület
  3. (rare, dialectal) Alternative form of föl (“skim (of the milk)”) or föl (“cream; the best part”)

Declension[edit]

Inflection of fel
singular plural
nominative fel —
accusative felt
felet 		—
dative felnek —
instrumental fellel —
causal-final felért —
translative fellé —
terminative felig —
essive-formal felként —
essive-modal — —
inessive felben —
superessive felen —
adessive felnél —
illative felbe —
sublative felre —
allative felhez —
elative felből —
delative felről —
ablative feltől —
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		felé —
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		feléi —
Possessive forms of fel
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. felem —
2nd person sing. feled —
3rd person sing. fele —
1st person plural felünk —
2nd person plural feletek —
3rd person plural felük —

Derived terms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

fel

  2. (obsolete, only in compounds) upper, higher
    Synonyms: felső, feljebbi, fentebbi, fentebb/feljebb/magasabban lévő

Derived terms[edit]

Compound words

References[edit]

  1. ^ Entry #759 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ fel in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading[edit]

  • (up): fel in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (skim, best part; rare, dialectal): fel , redirecting to standard (1): föl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (upper part): fel in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.

Latin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Uncertain. Either from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”), or from *bʰel-, *bʰl̥H- (“yellow”). *ǵʰ- > f- instead of the expected *h- is explained as being regular in some dialects.[1] Cognates through the first etymon include holus and helvus; Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”) and χλωρός (khlōrós, “green”); and English yellow and gold.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel n (genitive fellis); third declension

  1. gall bladder
  2. gall, bile
  3. poison
  4. bitterness, venom

Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fel fella
Genitive fellis fellium
fellum
Dative fellī fellibus
Accusative fel fella
Ablative felle fellibus
Vocative fel fella

Descendants[edit]

  • Vulgar Latin: *felem m or f (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fel”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209
  • “fel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • fel in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Middle Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old French fel.

Adjective[edit]

fel

  1. cruel, harsh
  2. evil
  3. terrible
  4. dangerous

Inflection[edit]

Adjective
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative Indefinite fel felle fel felle
Definite felle felle
Accusative Indefinite fellen felle fel felle
Definite felle
Genitive fels feller fels feller
Dative fellen feller fellen fellen

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Middle English[edit]

Determiner[edit]

fel

  1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

Adverb[edit]

fel

  1. Alternative form of fele (“many”)

Old French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Frankish *fel, from Proto-Germanic *faluz; cognate with felon.

Adjective[edit]

fel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular fele)

  1. evil
  2. vile; despicable

References[edit]

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (1. fel)

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

fel

  1. Alternative form of fil

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
fel ḟel fel
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese fel, from Vulgar Latin *felem m or f, from Latin fel n.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -ɛl, (Brazil) -ɛw
  • Hyphenation: fel

Noun[edit]

fel m (plural féis or feles)

  1. sourness, acerbity, bitterness
    Synonym: azedume
  2. (figuratively) sorrow
    Synonym: amargura
  3. (medicine) gall; bile
    Synonyms: bile, bílis

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Hungarian -féle.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel n (plural feluri)

  1. sort, type, kind
    Synonyms: gen, tip
  2. manner, style, way
    În ce fel? ― In what way?
    În felul acesta. ― In this way.
    Nu e în felul lui să fie neprietenos. ― It’s unlike him to be unkind.
  3. course of a meal
    felul unu ― first course
    felul doi ― second course
    felul trei ― dessert

Declension[edit]

Declension of fel
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) fel felul (niște) feluri felurile
genitive/dative (unui) fel felului (unor) feluri felurilor
vocative felule felurilor

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

See Norwegian feil and Danish fejl. Used in Swedish at least since 1527. For the adverb, the now obsolete form felt was the dominant written form until the mid 19th century.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

  1. wrong, incorrect, erroneous
    Fel svar ger inga poäng
    A wrong answer gives no points
    Det är fel att döda
    Killing is wrong
    Vi gick fel väg
    We went the wrong way
    Vi gick på fel buss
    We got on the wrong bus

Declension[edit]

No inflected forms.

Antonyms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

fel (comparative mer fel, superlative mest fel)

  1. wrong, wrongly, incorrectly, erroneously
    Hon svarade fel på hälften av frågorna
    She answered wrong on half of the questions
    Planen slog fel
    The plan failed
    Det gick fel
    It went wrong

See also[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel n

  1. (uncountable) wrong (incorrectness or moral wrongness), (sometimes, by rephrasing) a mistake
    Antonym: rätt
    Jag erkänner, jag gjorde fel
    I admit, I made a mistake / I did wrong (can mean morally or otherwise)
    Han har fel
    He is wrong ("has wrong" – idiomatic)
  2. an error, a fault, a defect, a wrong
    Vi hittade flera fel i artikeln
    We found several errors in the article
    Det är något fel på datorn
    There is something wrong with the computer
    Två fel gör inte ett rätt
    Two wrongs don't make a right (idiomatic)

Declension[edit]

Declension of fel 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative fel felet fel felen
Genitive fels felets fels felens

Derived terms[edit]

This list includes words based on the adverb (felcitera (“to cite erroneously”)) as well as the noun (felsöka (“to search for errors”)).

References[edit]

Volapük[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fel (nominative plural fels)

  1. field (general)

Declension[edit]

declension of fel
singular plural
nominative fel fels
genitive fela felas
dative fele feles
accusative feli felis
vocative 1 o fel! o fels!
predicative 2 felu felus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Welsh[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Preposition[edit]

fel

  1. as, like
    • Nursery rhyme:
      Gwyn fel yr eira / Du fel y frân / Pinc fel y rhosyn / Coch fel y tân / Llwyd fel y wiwer / Melyn fel yr haul / Glas fel yr awyr / Gwyrdd fel y dail. / Dyna rai o'r lliwiau, / y lliwiau yn Gymraeg.
      White like the snow / Black like the crow / Pink like the rose / Red like the fire / Grey like the squirrel / Yellow like the sun / Blue like the sky / Green like the leaves. / Those are some of the colours, / the colours in Welsh.

Related terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

fel

  1. (South Wales, colloquial) how
    Synonyms: fel, ffordd
    Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny? ― How do you know that?

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “fel”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 51 vi
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