English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English poisoun, poyson, poysone, puyson, puisun, from Old French puison, poison, from Latin pōtio, pōtiōnis (“drink, a draught, a poisonous draught, a potion”), from pōtō (“I drink”). Displaced native Old English ator. See also potion and potable.
Pronunciation[edit]
poison (countable and uncountable, plural poisons)
- A substance that is harmful or lethal to a living organism.
We used a poison to kill the weeds.
- Something that harms a person or thing.
Gossip is a malicious poison.
- (informal) A drink; liquor.
- — What's your poison?
- — I'll have a glass of whisky.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
substance harmful to a living organism
- Abkhaz: ашҳам (āšḥām)
- Adyghe: щынаут (š̍ənāwt)
- Afrikaans: gif
- Ainu: スㇽク (surku)
- Albanian: helm (sq) m
- Amharic: መርዝ (märz)
- Arabic: سُمّ m (summ)
- Armenian: թույն (hy) (tʿuyn)
- Old Armenian: թոյն (tʿoyn), ժահր (žahr)
- Aromanian: virin (roa-rup)
- Asturian: venenu m
- Azerbaijani: zəhər (az), ağı
- Bashkir: ағыу (ağïw)
- Basque: pozoi
- Belarusian: яд m (jad), атру́та f (atrúta)
- Bengali: বিষ (biṣ)
- Breton: ampoezon (br) m
- Bulgarian: отро́ва (bg) f (otróva)
- Burmese: အဆိပ် (my) (a.hcip)
- Catalan: verí (ca) m, metzina f
- Chechen: дӏовш (dʿowš)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 毒 (zh) (dú), 毒物 (zh) (dúwù), 毒藥 (zh), 毒药 (zh) (dúyào)
- Chuvash: please add this translation if you can
- Classical Nahuatl: tlapahhuilōni
- Cornish: venym, poyson, gwenyn m
- Corsican: please add this translation if you can
- Czech: jed (cs) m
- Danish: gift (da)
- Dhivehi: ވިހަ (viha)
- Dutch: gif (nl) n, vergif (nl) n, vergift (nl) n
- Eastern Mari: яд (jad), аяр (ajar)
- Elfdalian: djipt n
- Erzya: яд (jad)
- Esperanto: veneno (eo)
- Estonian: mürk (et)
- Faroese: gift f, eitur n
- Finnish: myrkky (fi)
- French: poison (fr) m
- Friulian: velen m, tuessin
- Gagauz: zihir
- Galician: veleno m, pezoña f, pezoia f
- Georgian: შხამი (šxami), საწამლავი (sac̣amlavi)
- German: Gift (de) n, Giftstoff (de) m
- Greek: δηλητήριο (el) n (dilitírio), (colloquial) φαρμάκι (el) n (farmáki)
- Ancient: ἰός m (iós)
- Greenlandic: toqunartoq
- Gujarati: ઝેર (jher)
- Hebrew: רַעַל (he) m (ra'àl), סַם (he) m (sam)
- Hindi: विष (hi) m (viṣ), ज़हर m (zahar), हलाहल (hi) (halāhal)
- Hungarian: méreg (hu)
- Icelandic: eitur (is) n
- Ido: toxiko (io), veneno (io)
- Indonesian: racun (id), bisa (id) (of snake)
- Interlingua: veneno, toxico
- Irish: nimh (ga) f
- Istriot: vanen m
- Italian: veleno (it) m
- Japanese: 毒 (ja) (どく, doku)
- Kannada: ನಂಜು (kn) (nañju)
- Kashubian: please add this translation if you can
- Kazakh: у (kk) (w), зәр (zär)
- Khmer: ថ្នាំពុល (thnampul)
- Komi-Permyak: please add this translation if you can
- Korean: 독 (ko) (dok)
- Kurdish: jehr (ku) f, jar (ku) f, دهرمانخوارد (dermanixward), ژههر (ku) (jehir)
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- Kyrgyz: уу (ky) (uu)
- Lao: ຢາພິດ (lo) (yā phit)
- Latin: venenum (la) n, toxicum n
- Latvian: inde f
- Lithuanian: nuodai n
- Luxembourgish: Gëft
- Macedonian: отров m (otrov)
- Malay: racun
- Maltese: velenu, semm m
- Manx: pyshoon m, nieu f
- Maori: huarua, paitini
- Mongolian: хор (mn) (hor)
- Northern Sami: mirko
- Norwegian: gift (no) m, f
- Occitan: poison (oc)
- Old English: ātor n
- Ossetian: марг (marg)
- Persian: زهر (fa) (zahr)
- Polish: trucizna (pl) f, jad (pl) m inan
- Portuguese: veneno (pt) m, peçonha (pt) f, tóxico (pt) m
- Quechua: miyu
- Romanian: otravă (ro) f, venin (ro) n
- Romansch: tissi m, teissa m, tössi m
- Russian: яд (ru) m (jad), отра́ва (ru) f (otráva)
- Saanich: T̸EXTEN
- Sanskrit: विष (sa) (viṣa)
- Scots: pushion
- Scottish Gaelic: nimh m, puinnsean m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: о̀тров m
- Roman: òtrov (sh) m
- Shor: оо (oo)
- Sicilian: vilenu m
- Sinhalese: වස (vasa), විෂ (si) (viṣa), විස (visa), වහ (vaha)
- Slovak: jed m
- Slovene: strup (sl) m
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: gad m
- Upper Sorbian: jěd
- Southern Altai: корон (koron)
- Spanish: veneno (es) m, ponzoña (es) f
- Swahili: sumu (sw) (noun 9/10)
- Swedish: gift (sv) n
- Tajik: заҳр (zahr)
- Taos: benę̀nu’úne
- Tatar: агу (tt) (ağu)
- Telugu: విషము (te) (viṣamu)
- Thai: พิษ (th) (pít), ยาพิษ (th) (yaa-pít)
- Tocharian A: wäs
- Tocharian B: wase
- Turkish: zehir (tr), ağı (tr)
- Turkmen: zäher (tk)
- Tuvan: please add this translation if you can
- Udmurt: яд (jad)
- Ukrainian: отру́та f (otrúta), яд m (jad)
- Urdu: زہر m (zahr), ہلاہل (halāhal)
- Uyghur: زەھەر (zeher)
- Uzbek: ogʻu (uz), zahar (uz)
- Vietnamese: chất độc (vi), thuốc độc (vi)
- Volapük: venen (vo)
- Walloon: pwezon (wa)
- Welsh: gwenwyn (cy) m
- West Frisian: fergif n
- Yakut: please add this translation if you can
- Yiddish: סם (sam), גיפֿט m (gift)
- Zulu: isihlungu class 7/8, ubuthi class 14
- ǃXóõ: ǁāã, sòo
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poison (third-person singular simple present poisons, present participle poisoning, simple past and past participle poisoned)
- (transitive) To use poison to kill or paralyse somebody
The assassin poisoned the king.
- (transitive) To pollute; to cause some part of the environment to become poisonous
That factory is poisoning the river.
- (transitive) To cause something to become much worse
Suspicion will poison their relationship.
He poisoned the mood in the room with his non-stop criticism.
- (transitive) To cause someone to hate or to have unfair negative opinions
She's poisoned him against all his old friends.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
to use poison to kill or paralyse
- Arabic: سَمَّمَ (sammama), سَمَّ (samma)
- Armenian: թունավորել (hy) (tʿunavorel)
- Aromanian: nvirinedz, virinedz, nfarmãc, ncioamir
- Belarusian: атру́чваць impf (atrúčvacʹ), атру́ціць pf (atrúcicʹ)
- Breton: ampoezoniñ (br)
- Bulgarian: тровя (bg) impf (trovja), отравям (bg) pf (otravjam)
- Catalan: emmetzinar (ca), enverinar (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 毒害 (zh) (dúhài), 毒死 (zh) (dúsǐ) (kill with poison), 毒殺 (zh), 毒杀 (zh) (dúshā)
- Classical Nahuatl: pahmictiā
- Cornish: posnya, venyma, gwenyna
- Czech: otrávit (cs) pf, trávit (cs) impf
- Danish: forgifte
- Dutch: vergiftigen (nl)
- Estonian: mürgitama
- Faroese: eitra
- Finnish: myrkyttää (fi)
- French: empoisonner (fr)
- Friulian: velenâ, intosseâ
- Georgian: წამლავს (c̣amlavs)
- German: vergiften (de)
- Greek: δηλητηριάζω (el) (dilitiriázo), φαρμακώνω (el) (farmakóno) (colloquial)
- Hungarian: megmérgez (hu)
- Ido: venenagar (io)
- Indonesian: meracuni (id)
- Interlingua: invenenar, intoxicar
- Irish: nimhigh
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- Italian: avvelenare (it), intossicare (it)
- Japanese: 毒殺する (ja) (どくさつする, dokusatsu suru), 毒害する (ja) (どくがいする, dokugai suru)
- Korean: 독살하다 (ko) (doksalhada)
- Kurdish: jehr kirin (ku), jehr dan (ku)
- Latin: veneno
- Latvian: noindēt impf
- Lithuanian: nuodyti impf
- Maori: paitini
- Mongolian: хордуулах (horduulah)
- Occitan: verenar, verinejar
- Polish: truć (pl) impf, zatruwać (pl), otruć pf
- Portuguese: envenenar (pt), empeçonhar, intoxicar (pt)
- Quechua: miyuy
- Romanian: otrăvi (ro), învenina (ro), intoxica (ro)
- Russian: отравля́ть (ru) impf (otravljátʹ), трави́ть (ru) impf (travítʹ), отрави́ть (ru) pf (otravítʹ)
- Scots: pushion
- Sicilian: avvilinari (scn), abbilinari (scn)
- Slovak: otráviť pf
- Spanish: envenenar (es), emponzoñar (es)
- Swedish: förgifta (sv)
- Thai: วางยา (th), เบื่อ (th) (bʉ̀ʉa)
- Turkish: zehirlemek (tr), ağılamak (tr)
- Ukrainian: отру́ювати impf (otrújuvaty), тру́їти impf (trújity), отру́їти pf (otrújity)
- Venetian: invełenar, inverinar, intosegar, tosegar
- Volapük: venenön (vo)
- Yiddish: פֿאַרסמען (farsamen), פֿאַרגיפֿטן (fargiftn), סמען (samen)
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References[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French, inherited from Latin pōtio, pōtiōnis. Doublet of potion, a borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
poison m (plural poisons)
- poison
- Poisson sans boisson est poison — Fish gotta swim.
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
Middle English[edit]
poison
- Alternative form of poisoun
Old French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Latin pōtio, pōtiōnis.
poison f (oblique plural poisons, nominative singular poison, nominative plural poisons)
- poison
circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès:- Thessala tranpre sa poison
- Thessala mixed her poison
- potion
Descendants[edit]
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French poison.
poison m (plural poísones)
- (Louisiana) poison
