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sumu

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sumu"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Mandarin 蘇木 / 苏木 (sūmù), from Mongolian ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu), from Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”). Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”).

Noun

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sumu (plural sumu or sumus)

  1. Alternative form of sum (“Mongolian administrative division”), sometimes used in relation to Inner Mongolia.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sumu

  1. accusative singular of suma

Dongxiang

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *sumun, compare Mongolian сум (sum).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sumu

  1. arrow

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Finnish sumu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈsumu]
  • Rhymes: -umu
  • Hyphenation: su‧mu

Noun

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sumu (genitive sumu, partitive sumu)

  1. haze, mist
    Synonym: udu

Declension

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Declension of sumu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative sumu sumud
accusative nom.
gen. sumu
genitive sumude
partitive sumu sumusid
illative summu
sumusse 		sumudesse
inessive sumus sumudes
elative sumust sumudest
allative sumule sumudele
adessive sumul sumudel
ablative sumult sumudelt
translative sumuks sumudeks
terminative sumuni sumudeni
essive sumuna sumudena
abessive sumuta sumudeta
comitative sumuga sumudega

Derived terms

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References

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  • sumu in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “sumu”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *sumu (compare Ingrian sumu, Karelian sumu, Veps sumeg). Probably also related to Northern Sami sopmu (which might be borrowed from Finnic).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
  • Rhymes: -umu
  • Syllabification(key): su‧mu
  • Hyphenation(key): su‧mu

Noun

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sumu

  1. fog, mist
  2. (astronomy) nebula

Usage notes

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  • The words sumu, usva and utu all describe water vapor lightly suspended near the ground, but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
    • sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus it is translated usually as "fog" or "mist".
    • usva describes somewhat thick vapor near the ground. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "fog" or "haze". In some contexts, usva is treated as a synonym of sumu.
    • utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "haze" or "mist".

Declension

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Inflection of sumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative sumu sumut
genitive sumun sumujen
partitive sumua sumuja
illative sumuun sumuihin
singular plural
nominative sumu sumut
accusative nom. sumu sumut
gen. sumun
genitive sumun sumujen
partitive sumua sumuja
inessive sumussa sumuissa
elative sumusta sumuista
illative sumuun sumuihin
adessive sumulla sumuilla
ablative sumulta sumuilta
allative sumulle sumuille
essive sumuna sumuina
translative sumuksi sumuiksi
abessive sumutta sumuitta
instructive — sumuin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of sumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sumuni sumuni
accusative nom. sumuni sumuni
gen. sumuni
genitive sumuni sumujeni
partitive sumuani sumujani
inessive sumussani sumuissani
elative sumustani sumuistani
illative sumuuni sumuihini
adessive sumullani sumuillani
ablative sumultani sumuiltani
allative sumulleni sumuilleni
essive sumunani sumuinani
translative sumukseni sumuikseni
abessive sumuttani sumuittani
instructive — —
comitative — sumuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sumusi sumusi
accusative nom. sumusi sumusi
gen. sumusi
genitive sumusi sumujesi
partitive sumuasi sumujasi
inessive sumussasi sumuissasi
elative sumustasi sumuistasi
illative sumuusi sumuihisi
adessive sumullasi sumuillasi
ablative sumultasi sumuiltasi
allative sumullesi sumuillesi
essive sumunasi sumuinasi
translative sumuksesi sumuiksesi
abessive sumuttasi sumuittasi
instructive — —
comitative — sumuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative sumumme sumumme
accusative nom. sumumme sumumme
gen. sumumme
genitive sumumme sumujemme
partitive sumuamme sumujamme
inessive sumussamme sumuissamme
elative sumustamme sumuistamme
illative sumuumme sumuihimme
adessive sumullamme sumuillamme
ablative sumultamme sumuiltamme
allative sumullemme sumuillemme
essive sumunamme sumuinamme
translative sumuksemme sumuiksemme
abessive sumuttamme sumuittamme
instructive — —
comitative — sumuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative sumunne sumunne
accusative nom. sumunne sumunne
gen. sumunne
genitive sumunne sumujenne
partitive sumuanne sumujanne
inessive sumussanne sumuissanne
elative sumustanne sumuistanne
illative sumuunne sumuihinne
adessive sumullanne sumuillanne
ablative sumultanne sumuiltanne
allative sumullenne sumuillenne
essive sumunanne sumuinanne
translative sumuksenne sumuiksenne
abessive sumuttanne sumuittanne
instructive — —
comitative — sumuinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative sumunsa sumunsa
accusative nom. sumunsa sumunsa
gen. sumunsa
genitive sumunsa sumujensa
partitive sumuaan
sumuansa 		sumujaan
sumujansa
inessive sumussaan
sumussansa 		sumuissaan
sumuissansa
elative sumustaan
sumustansa 		sumuistaan
sumuistansa
illative sumuunsa sumuihinsa
adessive sumullaan
sumullansa 		sumuillaan
sumuillansa
ablative sumultaan
sumultansa 		sumuiltaan
sumuiltansa
allative sumulleen
sumullensa 		sumuilleen
sumuillensa
essive sumunaan
sumunansa 		sumuinaan
sumuinansa
translative sumukseen
sumuksensa 		sumuikseen
sumuiksensa
abessive sumuttaan
sumuttansa 		sumuittaan
sumuittansa
instructive — —
comitative — sumuineen
sumuinensa

Derived terms

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compounds
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References

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  1. ^ Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Cognates include Finnish sumu and Livvi sumu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sumu

  1. synonym of tomakka

Declension

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Declension of sumu (type 4/koivu, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative sumu sumut
genitive sumun summuin, sumuloin
partitive summua sumuja, sumuloja
illative summuu summui, sumuloihe
inessive sumus sumuis, sumulois
elative sumust sumuist, sumuloist
allative sumulle sumuille, sumuloille
adessive sumul sumuil, sumuloil
ablative sumult sumuilt, sumuloilt
translative sumuks sumuiks, sumuloiks
essive sumunna, summuun sumuinna, sumuloinna, summuin, sumuloin
exessive1) sumunt sumuint, sumuloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

Japanese

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Romanization

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sumu

  1. Rōmaji transcription of すむ

Old English

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Pronoun

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sumu

  1. inflection of sum:
    1. feminine nominative singular
    2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Swahili

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Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sw

Etymology

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    Borrowed from Arabic سُمّ (summ).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    • Audio (Kenya):(file)

    Noun

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    sumu class IX (plural sumu class X)

    1. poison, toxin
    2. venom

    Descendants

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    • → Kikuyu: thumu

    References

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    1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020), Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 150 Nr. 1350

    Ternate

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    Etymology

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    Likely through Proto-Ternate-Tidore, from Malay sumur or Javanese ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur), both from Old Javanese sumur.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sumu

    1. a well

    Descendants

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    • → Galela: sumu
    • → Loloda: sumu
    • → Tobelo: humu (Heleworuru, Boeng)
    • → Pagu: sumu
    • → Tabaru: sumu

    References

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    • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

    Tumbuka

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    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    sumu class 9 (plural sumu class 10)

    1. song
    2. hymn

    Derived terms

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    References

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    • William Y. Turner (1996), Tumbuka/Tonga-English and English - Tumbuka/Tonga Dictionary‎[3], Central Africana Limited, pages 133, 219, 258

    Yakan

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    Adverb

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    sumu

    1. tomorrow
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