سم

See also: شم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Etymology 1.1

Root
س م م (s m m)
8 terms

Compare Hebrew סַם.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sam.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

سَمَّ • (samma) I (non-past يَسُمُّ (yasummu), verbal noun سَمّ (samm))

1. to poison (someone, something)

Conjugation

Conjugation of سَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun سَمّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَمّ samm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَامّ sāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَسْمُوم masmūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى				plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past indicative (perfect) الْمَاضِي	m	سَمَمْتُ samamtu	سَمَمْتَ samamta	سَمَّ samma		سَمَمْنَا samamnā	سَمَمْتُمَا samamtumā	سَمَّا sammā		سَمَمْنَا samamnā	سَمَمْتُمْ samamtum	سَمُّوا sammū
	f		سَمَمْتِ samamti	سَمَّتْ sammat				سَمَّتَا sammatā			سَمَمْتُنَّ samamtunna	سَمَمْنَ samamna
non-past indicative (imperfect) الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسُمُّ ʔasummu	تَسُمُّ tasummu	يَسُمُّ yasummu		نَسُمُّ nasummu	تَسُمَّانِ tasummāni	يَسُمَّانِ yasummāni		نَسُمُّ nasummu	تَسُمُّونَ tasummūna	يَسُمُّونَ yasummūna
	f		تَسُمِّينَ tasummīna	تَسُمُّ tasummu				تَسُمَّانِ tasummāni			تَسْمُمْنَ tasmumna	يَسْمُمْنَ yasmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسُمَّ ʔasumma	تَسُمَّ tasumma	يَسُمَّ yasumma		نَسُمَّ nasumma	تَسُمَّا tasummā	يَسُمَّا yasummā		نَسُمَّ nasumma	تَسُمُّوا tasummū	يَسُمُّوا yasummū
	f		تَسُمِّي tasummī	تَسُمَّ tasumma				تَسُمَّا tasummā			تَسْمُمْنَ tasmumna	يَسْمُمْنَ yasmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسُمَّ, أَسُمِّ, أَسْمُمْ ʔasumma, ʔasummi, ʔasmum	تَسُمَّ, تَسُمِّ, تَسْمُمْ tasumma, tasummi, tasmum	يَسُمَّ, يَسُمِّ, يَسْمُمْ yasumma, yasummi, yasmum		نَسُمَّ, نَسُمِّ, نَسْمُمْ nasumma, nasummi, nasmum	تَسُمَّا tasummā	يَسُمَّا yasummā		نَسُمَّ, نَسُمِّ, نَسْمُمْ nasumma, nasummi, nasmum	تَسُمُّوا tasummū	يَسُمُّوا yasummū
	f		تَسُمِّي tasummī	تَسُمَّ, تَسُمِّ, تَسْمُمْ tasumma, tasummi, tasmum				تَسُمَّا tasummā			تَسْمُمْنَ tasmumna	يَسْمُمْنَ yasmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سُمَّ, سُمِّ, اُسْمُمْ summa, summi, usmum				سُمَّا summā				سُمُّوا summū
	f		سُمِّي summī								اُسْمُمْنَ usmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى				plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past indicative (perfect) الْمَاضِي	m	سُمِمْتُ sumimtu	سُمِمْتَ sumimta	سُمَّ summa		سُمِمْنَا sumimnā	سُمِمْتُمَا sumimtumā	سُمَّا summā		سُمِمْنَا sumimnā	سُمِمْتُمْ sumimtum	سُمُّوا summū
	f		سُمِمْتِ sumimti	سُمَّتْ summat				سُمَّتَا summatā			سُمِمْتُنَّ sumimtunna	سُمِمْنَ sumimna
non-past indicative (imperfect) الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَمُّ ʔusammu	تُسَمُّ tusammu	يُسَمُّ yusammu		نُسَمُّ nusammu	تُسَمَّانِ tusammāni	يُسَمَّانِ yusammāni		نُسَمُّ nusammu	تُسَمُّونَ tusammūna	يُسَمُّونَ yusammūna
	f		تُسَمِّينَ tusammīna	تُسَمُّ tusammu				تُسَمَّانِ tusammāni			تُسْمَمْنَ tusmamna	يُسْمَمْنَ yusmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَمَّ ʔusamma	تُسَمَّ tusamma	يُسَمَّ yusamma		نُسَمَّ nusamma	تُسَمَّا tusammā	يُسَمَّا yusammā		نُسَمَّ nusamma	تُسَمُّوا tusammū	يُسَمُّوا yusammū
	f		تُسَمِّي tusammī	تُسَمَّ tusamma				تُسَمَّا tusammā			تُسْمَمْنَ tusmamna	يُسْمَمْنَ yusmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَمَّ, أُسَمِّ, أُسْمَمْ ʔusamma, ʔusammi, ʔusmam	تُسَمَّ, تُسَمِّ, تُسْمَمْ tusamma, tusammi, tusmam	يُسَمَّ, يُسَمِّ, يُسْمَمْ yusamma, yusammi, yusmam		نُسَمَّ, نُسَمِّ, نُسْمَمْ nusamma, nusammi, nusmam	تُسَمَّا tusammā	يُسَمَّا yusammā		نُسَمَّ, نُسَمِّ, نُسْمَمْ nusamma, nusammi, nusmam	تُسَمُّوا tusammū	يُسَمُّوا yusammū
	f		تُسَمِّي tusammī	تُسَمَّ, تُسَمِّ, تُسْمَمْ tusamma, tusammi, tusmam				تُسَمَّا tusammā			تُسْمَمْنَ tusmamna	يُسْمَمْنَ yusmamna

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /samm/, /summ/

Noun

سَمّ or سُمّ • (samm or summ) m (plural سُمُوم (sumūm) or سِمَام (simām))

1. poison, toxin
2. venom
3. opening, hole
4. eye (of a needle)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 7:40:

     إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا عَنْهَا لَا تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى يَلِجَ ٱلْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ ٱلْخِيَاطِ

     ʔinna llaḏīna kaḏḏabū bi-ʔāyātinā wa-stakbarū ʕanhā lā tufattaḥu lahum ʔabwābu s-samāʔi wa-lā yadḵulūna l-jannata ḥattā yalija l-jamalu fī sammi l-ḵiyāṭi

     Indeed, those who deny Our verses and are arrogant toward them: the gates of Heaven will not be opened for them, nor will they enter Paradise until a camel enters into the eye of a needle.

Declension

Declension of noun سَمّ (samm); سُمّ (summ)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَمّ; سُمّ samm; summ	السَّمّ; السُّمّ as-samm; as-summ	سَمّ; سُمّ samm; summ
nominative	سَمٌّ; سُمٌّ sammun; summun	السَّمُّ; السُّمُّ as-sammu; as-summu	سَمُّ; سُمُّ sammu; summu
accusative	سَمًّا; سُمًّا samman; summan	السَّمَّ; السُّمَّ as-samma; as-summa	سَمَّ; سُمَّ samma; summa
genitive	سَمٍّ; سُمٍّ sammin; summin	السَّمِّ; السُّمِّ as-sammi; as-summi	سَمِّ; سُمِّ sammi; summi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَمَّيْن; سُمَّيْن sammayn; summayn	السَّمَّيْن; السُّمَّيْن as-sammayn; as-summayn	سَمَّيْ; سُمَّيْ sammay; summay
nominative	سَمَّانِ; سُمَّانِ sammāni; summāni	السَّمَّانِ; السُّمَّانِ as-sammāni; as-summāni	سَمَّا; سُمَّا sammā; summā
accusative	سَمَّيْنِ; سُمَّيْنِ sammayni; summayni	السَّمَّيْنِ; السُّمَّيْنِ as-sammayni; as-summayni	سَمَّيْ; سُمَّيْ sammay; summay
genitive	سَمَّيْنِ; سُمَّيْنِ sammayni; summayni	السَّمَّيْنِ; السُّمَّيْنِ as-sammayni; as-summayni	سَمَّيْ; سُمَّيْ sammay; summay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سُمُوم; سِمَام sumūm; simām	السُّمُوم; السِّمَام as-sumūm; as-simām	سُمُوم; سِمَام sumūm; simām
nominative	سُمُومٌ; سِمَامٌ sumūmun; simāmun	السُّمُومُ; السِّمَامُ as-sumūmu; as-simāmu	سُمُومُ; سِمَامُ sumūmu; simāmu
accusative	سُمُومًا; سِمَامًا sumūman; simāman	السُّمُومَ; السِّمَامَ as-sumūma; as-simāma	سُمُومَ; سِمَامَ sumūma; simāma
genitive	سُمُومٍ; سِمَامٍ sumūmin; simāmin	السُّمُومِ; السِّمَامِ as-sumūmi; as-simāmi	سُمُومِ; سِمَامِ sumūmi; simāmi

Descendants

• → Swahili: sumu

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /samm/

Noun

سَمّ • (samm) m

1. verbal noun of سَمَّ (samma) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَمّ (samm)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَمّ samm	السَّمّ as-samm	سَمّ samm
nominative	سَمٌّ sammun	السَّمُّ as-sammu	سَمُّ sammu
accusative	سَمًّا samman	السَّمَّ as-samma	سَمَّ samma
genitive	سَمٍّ sammin	السَّمِّ as-sammi	سَمِّ sammi

Etymology 2

Symbol

سم • (sm)

2. (metrology) abbreviation of سَنْتِيمِتْر (santīmitr, “centimeter”), cm

Related terms

• (symbol) كم (km)
• (symbol) م (m)

Etymology 3

Etymology 3.1

Verb

سِمْ • (sim) (form I) /sim/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of وَسَمَ (wasama)

Etymology 3.2

Verb

سِمْ • (sim) (form I) /sim/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of وَسَمَ (wasama)

Etymology 4

Verb

سَمِّ • (sammi) (form II) /sam.mi/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَمَّى (sammā)

Etymology 6

Verb

سُمْ • (sum) (form I) /sum/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَامَ (sāma)

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *cafáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səm/

Noun

Northern Kurdish	sim

سم (sim)

1. hoof

Derived terms

• سمتاش (simtaş)
• سمدار (simdar)
• سمکۆڵ (simkoll)

References

• Hejar (1990), “سم”, in Henbane borîne‎^[1], Tehran: Soroush, page 418
• Wahby, T.; Edmonds, C. J. (1966), “sim II”, in A Kurdish-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 131

Khalaj

Noun

سم (definite accusative سمؽ or سمۆ, plural سملار or سملر)

1. Arabic spelling of sum, süm (“hoof, fingernail”)

Declension

Declension of سم

	singular	plural
nominative	سم	سملار
genitive	سمؽݧ	سملارؽݧ
dative	سمقا	سملارقا
definite accusative	سمؽ	سملارؽ
locative	سمچا	سملارچا
ablative	سمدا	سملاردا
instrumental	سملا	سملارلا
equative	سمواره	سملارواره

Declension of سم

	singular	plural
nominative	سم	سملر
genitive	سمۆݧ	سملریݧ
dative	سمکه	سملرکه
definite accusative	سمۆ	سملری
locative	سمچه	سملرچه
ablative	سمده	سملرده
instrumental	سمله	سملرله
equative	سمواره	سملرواره

Moroccan Arabic

Root
س م م
2 terms

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic سُمّ (summ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /summ/, /samm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

سُم or سَم • (summ or samm) m (plural سموم (smūm) or سمومة (smūma))

1. poison, toxin
2. (figuratively) jealousy

   علاش فيك السم؟

   ʕlāš fīk es-samm

   Why are you jealous?

   (literally, “Why is there poison inside you?”)

Descendants

• French: seum

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Derived from Arabic سُمّ (summ, “poison, toxin, venom”).

Noun

سم • (sem, semm) (plural سمام)

1. poison, venom

   Synonyms: اغو (ağu), اوت (ot), زهر (zehr)

2. hole, perforation

Descendants

• Turkish: sem

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “سم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 690
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Venenum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1729
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “سم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, columns 1665–1666
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “سم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1075

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

سم • (sëm)

1. right, proper, correct

Declension

Declension of سم

	masculine		feminine
	singular	plural	singular	plural
direct	سم (sëm)	سم (sëm)	سمه (sëma)	سمې (sëme)
oblique	سم (sëm)	سمو (sëmo)	سمې (sëme)	سمو (sëmo)
vocative	سمه (sëma)	سمو (sëmo)	سمې (sëme)	سمو (sëmo)

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic سَمّ (samm).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈsamm/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säm(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säm(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säm(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säm(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæm(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säm(ː)]

• Rhymes: -amm

Readings
Classical reading?	samm
Dari reading?	samm
Iranian reading?	samm
Tajik reading?	samm

Noun

سم • (samm) (plural سموم)

1. poison

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (swmb' /⁠sumb⁠/, “hoof”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈsum/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sum]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [som]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sum]

• Rhymes: -um

Readings
Classical reading?	sum
Dari reading?	sum
Iranian reading?	som
Tajik reading?	sum

Noun

سم • (som)

1. hoof

Descendants

• → Khalaj: sum

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic سُمّ (summ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɘmː]

Noun

سم (semm) m

1. venom, poison

Derived terms

• مِسمِام (mesmēm)