毒

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毒 U+6BD2, 毒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD2
← 毑
[U+6BD1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 毓 →
[U+6BD3]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 毒
Simplified 毒
Japanese 毒
Korean 毒

Alternative forms[edit]

See Han unification on Wikipedia for differences in appearance by script by code point. Note that the bottom component is written 毋 in the Kangxi dictionary but appears as 母 in simplified Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts.

Han character[edit]

毒 (radical 80, 毋+4, 9 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition ⿱龶母(GKV) or ⿱龶毋(HTJ))

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 589, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6BD2

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (毒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瑇 *dɯːɡs, *duːɡ
纛 *duːɡs, *duːɡ
碡 *doːɡ, *duːɡ, *duɡ
毒 *l'uːɡ
蝳 *duːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 屮 (“grass”) + 毐 (“person of reprehensible morals”) – poisonous plant.

Etymology[edit]

“poison”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (“poison; to poison”). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, “poison; toxin”), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious; evil; poisonous”), Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous”).
“to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 毒
alternative forms 𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𧉉

Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
Note:
  • dŭk - literary;
  • dĕ̤k - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • to̍k - literary;
    • ta̍k - vernacular.
  • Wu
    Rime
    Character 毒
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 沃 (6)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒沃切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/duok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/duok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/dok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/dok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/duok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱuok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dú
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 毒
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[d]ˁuk/
    English poison (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 毒
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2486
    Phonetic
    component         		毒
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		毒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'uːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    毒

    1. poison; toxin; venom; bane
      有毒  ―  yǒudú  ―  poisonous
    2. † calamity; disaster; trouble
    3. † pain; suffering
    4. † crime; evil
    5. to poison; to administer poison to
    6. † to harm; to injure
    7. † to hate; to resent
    8. † Alternative form of 督 (dū, “to manage; to govern”).
    9. poisonous; noxious
    10. † heavy; thick
    11. hot; scorching; sweltering
    12. † severe; fierce; violent
    13. malicious; cruel

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 毒

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 毒
    alternative forms 杜 Cantonese
    餖／饾 Hakka
    透 Min Dong

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 毒
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-[d]ˁuk-s/
    English to poison (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions[edit]

    毒

    1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    		 毒

    Definitions[edit]

    毒

    1. Used in 毒冒, which is an alternative form of 玳瑁 (dàimào).

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    毒

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. poison

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    毒
    どく
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    毒(どく) • (doku) 

    1. poison, toxin

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    毒 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    毒 (độc, nọc)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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