severe

See also: Severe and sévère

English

Etymology

From Middle French, from Latin severus (“severe, serious, grave in demeanor”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /sɪˈvɪə/ (US) IPA^(key): /sɪˈvɪr/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)

Adjective

severe (comparative severer or more severe, superlative severest or most severe)

1. Very bad or intense.
   • 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist‎^[1], volume 100, number 1, page 70:

     Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.

2. Strict or harsh.

   a severe taskmaster

3. Sober, plain in appearance, austere.

   a severe old maiden aunt

Synonyms

• brutal
• extreme
• hard

• harsh
• intense
• rigorous

• serious
• heavy

Antonyms

• (very bad or intense): mild
• (very bad or intense): minor
• (strict or harsh): lenient

Derived terms

• severely (adverb)
• severity (noun)
• severeness (noun)

Translations

very bad or intense

• Armenian: ծանր (hy) (canr)
• Belarusian: суро́вы (suróvy), цяжкі́ (be) (cjažkí)
• Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 嚴重 (zh), 严重 (zh) (yánzhòng)

• Danish: hård (da), stærk (da), voldsom, kras
• Faroese: harðligur
• Finnish: ankara (fi), vakava (fi), raju (fi), tuima (fi), kova (fi)
• French: grave (fr), sévère (fr)
• Galician: severo m
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐍃 (abrs)
• Greek: σφοδρός (el) m (sfodrós)
• Hungarian: komoly (hu), súlyos (hu)
• Icelandic: harkalegur (is)
• Indonesian: parah (id)
• Irish: anróiteach

• Italian: rigido (it), duro (it), grave (it)
• Japanese: 酷い (ja) (ひどい, hidoi)
• Latvian: nopietns, ārkārtējs
• Maori: pākaha (of pain or discomfort), tārū (of pain), kakawa (Of weather, terrain etc.)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: hard, krass (no), brysk, ublid, voldsom (no)

  Nynorsk: hard, krass, brysk, ublid

• Occitan: sevèr, estricte
• Old East Slavic: суровъ (surovŭ)
• Persian: سخت‎ (fa) (saxt), شدید‎ (fa) (šadīd), ستهم‎ (setahm)
• Polish: poważny (pl)
• Portuguese: severo (pt)
• Russian: суро́вый (ru) (suróvyj), тяжёлый (ru) (tjažólyj)
• Spanish: severo (es), grave (es)
• Swedish: hård (sv), skarp (sv), kärv (sv), brysk (sv), våldsam (sv)
• Ukrainian: суво́рий (suvóryj), тяжки́й (uk) (tjažkýj), лю́тий (uk) (ljútyj)

strict or harsh

• Basque: zorrotz
• Belarusian: суро́вы (suróvy), стро́гі (stróhi)
• Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 嚴厲 (zh), 严厉 (zh) (yánlì)

• Danish: streng
• Esperanto: severa (eo)
• Finnish: ankara (fi), vaikea (fi)
• French: sévère (fr)
• German: streng (de)
• Greek: αυστηρός (el) m (afstirós), άτεγκτος (el) m (átegktos), βαρύς (el) (varýs)
• Hungarian: szigorú (hu)

• Italian: duro (it), severo (it), rigido (it)
• Japanese: 厳しい (ja) (きびしい, kibishii)
• Latvian: bargs
• Maori: kakawa
• Occitan: estricte, sevèr
• Old English: āfor
• Polish: srogi (pl), surowy (pl)
• Portuguese: duro (pt), rígido (pt), severo (pt)
• Russian: суро́вый (ru) (suróvyj), стро́гий (ru) (strógij), жёсткий (ru) (žóstkij)
• Sanskrit: कठोर (sa) (kaṭhora), दारुण (sa) (dāruṇa)
• Spanish: severo (es)
• Ukrainian: суво́рий (suvóryj), стро́гий (stróhyj)
• Volapük: sevärik (vo)

austere

• Finnish: vakava (fi), karu (fi)
• French: sévère (fr)
• Greek: αυστηρός (el) m (afstirós), λιτός (el) m (litós)
• Italian: austero (it)
• Japanese: 渋い (ja) (しぶい, shibui)

• Occitan: sevèr, austèr
• Polish: surowy (pl)
• Portuguese: austero (pt), severo (pt)
• Russian: стро́гий (ru) (strógij), суро́вый (ru) (suróvyj)
• Spanish: severo (es), austero (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} قاس‎ (qá:si)
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} streng (nl)
• French: ^{(please verify)} sévère (fr)
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} strangur (is)
• Irish: ^{(please verify)} aithrinneach, ^{(please verify)} amhnas

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} severo (it)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 엄격한 (eomgyeokhan)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} sträng (sv)
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} తీవ్రమైన (te) (tīvramaina)

Further reading

• severe in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• severe in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• severe at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Reeves, everse, reeves, servee

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Esperanto

Adverb

severe

1. severely

Related terms

• severa

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Italian

Adjective

severe

1. feminine plural of severo

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Latin

Verb

sēvēre

1. third-person plural perfect active indicative of serō

Adjective

sevēre

1. vocative masculine singular of sevērus

References

• severe in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• severe in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• severe in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

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Serbo-Croatian

Noun

severe (Cyrillic spelling севере)

1. vocative singular of sever