severus
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See also: Severus
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”).[1]
Other etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seˈu̯eː.rus/, [s̠eˈu̯eːrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /seˈve.rus/, [seˈvɛːrus]
Adjective
[edit]sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum, comparative sevērior, superlative sevērissimus); first/second-declension adjective
- severe, serious, strict, stern, stringent, austere, harsh, grave (in demeanor)
- Synonyms: trux, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, acerbus, ācer
- Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | sevērus | sevēra | sevērum | sevērī | sevērae | sevēra | |
| Genitive | sevērī | sevērae | sevērī | sevērōrum | sevērārum | sevērōrum | |
| Dative | sevērō | sevērō | sevērīs | ||||
| Accusative | sevērum | sevēram | sevērum | sevērōs | sevērās | sevēra | |
| Ablative | sevērō | sevērā | sevērō | sevērīs | |||
| Vocative | sevēre | sevēra | sevērum | sevērī | sevērae | sevēra | |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 560
Further reading
[edit]- “severus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “severus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- severus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be brought up under strict discipline: severa disciplina contineri
- a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
- to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
- to be brought up under strict discipline: severa disciplina contineri
- “severus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “severus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- “severe”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.