βαρύς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Cognate to Sanskrit गुरु (gurú), Latin gravis.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ba.rýs/ → /βaˈrys/ → /vaˈris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.rýs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /baˈrys/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βaˈrys/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /vaˈrys/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /vaˈris/

Adjective

βᾰρῠ́ς • (bărŭ́s) m (feminine βᾰρεῖᾰ, neuter βᾰρῠ́); first/third declension

1. heavy; weighty

   Antonyms: ᾰ̓βᾰρής (ăbărḗs), ἐλᾰφρός (elăphrós), κοῦφος (koûphos)

2. heavy; burdensome; oppressive
3. deep; hollow; loud (voice)
4. grievous; troublesome; painful
5. unwholesome
6. hard; cruel
7. strong; mighty

Declension

First and third declension of βᾰρῠ́ς; βᾰρεῖᾰ; βᾰρῠ́ (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		βᾰρῠ́ς bărŭ́s	βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρεῖ băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρεῖ băreî		βᾰρεῖς băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι băreîai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Genitive		βᾰρέος băréos	βᾰρείᾱς băreíās	βᾰρέος băréos		βᾰρέοιν băréoin	βᾰρείαιν băreíain	βᾰρέοιν băréoin		βᾰρέων băréōn	βᾰρειῶν băreiôn	βᾰρέων băréōn
Dative		βᾰρεῖ băreî	βᾰρείᾳ băreíāi	βᾰρεῖ băreî		βᾰρέοιν băréoin	βᾰρείαιν băreíain	βᾰρέοιν băréoin		βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n)	βᾰρείαις băreíais	βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n)
Accusative		βᾰρῠ́ν bărŭ́n	βᾰρεῖᾰν băreîăn	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρεῖ băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρεῖ băreî		βᾰρεῖς băreîs	βᾰρείᾱς băreíās	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Vocative		βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́	βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρεῖ băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρεῖ băreî		βᾰρεῖς băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι băreîai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		βᾰρέως băréōs				βᾰρῠ́τερος bărŭ́teros				βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος bărŭ́tătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of βᾰρῠ́ς; βᾰρεῖᾰ; βᾰρῠ́ (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		βᾰρῠ́ς bărŭ́s	βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέες βᾰρεῖς bărées băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι băreîai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Genitive		βᾰρέος băréos	βᾰρείης băreíēs	βᾰρέος băréos		βᾰρέοιῐ̈ν băréoiĭ̈n	βᾰρείαιῐ̈ν băreíaiĭ̈n	βᾰρέοιῐ̈ν băréoiĭ̈n		βᾰρέων băréōn	βᾰρειᾱ́ων βᾰρειέων βᾰρειῶν băreiā́ōn băreiéōn băreiôn	βᾰρέων băréōn
Dative		βᾰρέῐ̈ βᾰρεῖ băréĭ̈ băreî	βᾰρείῃ băreíēi	βᾰρέῐ̈ βᾰρεῖ băréĭ̈ băreî		βᾰρέοιῐ̈ν băréoiĭ̈n	βᾰρείαιῐ̈ν băreíaiĭ̈n	βᾰρέοιῐ̈ν băréoiĭ̈n		βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν βᾰρέσσῐ βᾰρέσσῐν βᾰρέεσσῐ βᾰρέεσσῐν bărésĭ(n) băréssĭ(n) băréessĭ(n)	βᾰρείῃσῐ βᾰρείῃσῐν βᾰρείῃς βᾰρείαις băreíēisĭ(n) băreíēis băreíais	βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν βᾰρέσσῐ βᾰρέσσῐν βᾰρέεσσῐ βᾰρέεσσῐν bărésĭ(n) băréssĭ(n) băréessĭ(n)
Accusative		βᾰρῠ́ν bărŭ́n	βᾰρεῖᾰν băreîăn	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέᾰς băréăs	βᾰρείᾱς băreíās	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Vocative		βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́	βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέες βᾰρεῖς bărées băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι băreîai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		βᾰρέως băréōs				βᾰρῠ́τερος bărŭ́teros				βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος bărŭ́tătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

First and third declension of βᾰρῠ́ς; βᾰρείη / βᾰρεῖᾰ / βᾰρέη / βᾰρέᾰ; βᾰρῠ́ (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		βᾰρῠ́ς bărŭ́s	βᾰρείη βᾰρεῖᾰ βᾰρέη βᾰρέᾰ băreíē băreîă băréē băréă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ βᾰρέᾱ băreíā băréā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέες βᾰρεῖς bărées băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι βᾰρέαι băreîai băréai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Genitive		βᾰρέος băréos	βᾰρείης βᾰρέης băreíēs băréēs	βᾰρέος băréos		βᾰρέοιν băréoin	βᾰρείαιν βᾰρέαιν băreíain băréain	βᾰρέοιν băréoin		βᾰρέων băréōn	βᾰρειέων βᾰρειῶν βᾰρεέων βᾰρεῶν băreiéōn băreiôn băreéōn băreôn	βᾰρέων băréōn
Dative		βᾰρέῐ̈ βᾰρεῖ băréĭ̈ băreî	βᾰρείῃ βᾰρέῃ băreíēi băréēi	βᾰρέῐ̈ βᾰρεῖ băréĭ̈ băreî		βᾰρέοιν băréoin	βᾰρείαιν βᾰρέαιν băreíain băréain	βᾰρέοιν băréoin		βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n)	βᾰρείῃσῐ βᾰρείῃσῐν βᾰρέῃσῐ βᾰρέῃσῐν băreíēisĭ(n) băréēisĭ(n)	βᾰρέσῐ βᾰρέσῐν bărésĭ(n)
Accusative		βᾰρῠ́ν bărŭ́n	βᾰρείην βᾰρεῖᾰν βᾰρέην βᾰρέᾰν băreíēn băreîăn băréēn băréăn	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ βᾰρέᾱ băreíā băréā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέᾰς băréăs	βᾰρείᾱς βᾰρέᾱς băreíās băréās	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Vocative		βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́	βᾰρείη βᾰρεῖᾰ βᾰρέη βᾰρέᾰ băreíē băreîă băréē băréă	βᾰρῠ́ bărŭ́		βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî	βᾰρείᾱ βᾰρέᾱ băreíā băréā	βᾰρέε βᾰρεῖ bărée băreî		βᾰρέες βᾰρεῖς bărées băreîs	βᾰρεῖαι βᾰρέαι băreîai băréai	βᾰρέᾰ băréă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		βᾰρέως βᾰρείως băréōs băreíōs				βᾰρῠ́τερος bărŭ́teros				βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος bărŭ́tătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• βᾰρεῖᾰ (băreîă)
• βᾰ́ρημᾰ (bắrēmă)
• βᾰρῠ́νω (bărŭ́nō)
• βᾰρῠ́της (bărŭ́tēs)
• βᾰρῠ́τονος (bărŭ́tonos)
• βῠσσοβᾰρής (bŭssobărḗs)
• χᾰλκοβᾰρής (khălkobărḗs)

Related terms

• βᾰ́ρος (bắros)

Descendants

• Greek: βαρύς (varýs)

Further reading

• “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “βαρύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• βαρύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βαρύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• βαρύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
• “βαρύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G926 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • aggravating idem, page 18.
  • annoying idem, page 31.
  • bass idem, page 64.
  • bitter idem, page 80.
  • burdensome idem, page 104.
  • crushing idem, page 187.
  • cumbersome idem, page 189.
  • deep idem, page 203.
  • dingy idem, page 225.
  • disagreeable idem, page 227.
  • discomfortable idem, page 230.
  • disgusting idem, page 233.
  • dismal idem, page 235.
  • distasteful idem, page 241.
  • distressing idem, page 242.
  • dreary idem, page 252.
  • dull idem, page 256.
  • embarrassing idem, page 266.
  • fatiguing idem, page 310.
  • galling idem, page 353.
  • grave idem, page 371.
  • grievous idem, page 373.
  • harassing idem, page 385.
  • hard idem, page 385.
  • harrowing idem, page 387.
  • harsh idem, page 387.
  • hateful idem, page 388.
  • heavy idem, page 393.
  • horrid idem, page 406.
  • inconvenient idem, page 430.
  • inert idem, page 436.
  • insufferable idem, page 447.
  • intolerable idem, page 454.
  • intrusive idem, page 455.
  • irksome idem, page 459.
  • killing idem, page 469.
  • laborious idem, page 472.
  • loathsome idem, page 496.
  • massive idem, page 516.
  • melancholy idem, page 524.
  • miserable idem, page 533.
  • monotonous idem, page 539.
  • mournful idem, page 544.
  • muffled idem, page 545.
  • nasty idem, page 551.
  • noisome idem, page 559.
  • objectionable idem, page 565.
  • obnoxious idem, page 566.
  • odious idem, page 569.
  • offensive idem, page 571.
  • onerous idem, page 574.
  • oppressive idem, page 577.
  • painful idem, page 589.
  • ponderous idem, page 626.
  • repellent idem, page 696.
  • repugnant idem, page 699.
  • sad idem, page 730.
  • sepulchral idem, page 754.
  • serious idem, page 754.
  • severe idem, page 759.
  • shocking idem, page 767.
  • sore idem, page 794.
  • sorrowful idem, page 795.
  • stern idem, page 816.
  • strong idem, page 827.
  • teasing idem, page 859.
  • tedious idem, page 859.
  • thankless idem, page 863.
  • tiresome idem, page 878.
  • tiring idem, page 878.
  • toilsome idem, page 880.
  • torturing idem, page 884.
  • tragic idem, page 886.
  • trying idem, page 899.
  • unacceptable idem, page 906.
  • unbending idem, page 908.
  • uncomfortable idem, page 910.
  • uncongenial idem, page 910.
  • uneasy idem, page 916.
  • ungentle idem, page 919.
  • ungracious idem, page 919.
  • ungrateful idem, page 920.
  • unpleasant idem, page 927.
  • unsatisfactory idem, page 931.
  • vexatious idem, page 950.
  • vile idem, page 952.
  • wearisome idem, page 970.
  • weighty idem, page 973.
  • woeful idem, page 986.
  • wretched idem, page 993.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vaˈɾis/

Adjective

βαρύς • (varýs) m (feminine βαριά or βαρεία, neuter βαρύ)

1. heavy, weighty
2. harsh, strong

Declension

Declension of βαρύς

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	βαρύς (varýs)	βαρεία (vareía)	βαρύ (varý)		βαρείς (vareís)	βαρείες (vareíes)	βαρέα (varéa)
genitive	βαρέος (varéos) βαρύ (varý)	βαρείας (vareías)	βαρύ (varý) βαρέος (varéos)		βαρέων (varéon)	βαρειών (vareión)	βαρέων (varéon)
accusative	βαρύ (varý)	βαρεία (vareía)	βαρύ (varý)		βαρείς (vareís)	βαρείες (vareíes)	βαρέα (varéa)
vocative	βαρύ (varý)	βαρεία (vareía)	βαρύ (varý)		βαρείς (vareís)	βαρείες (vareíes)	βαρέα (varéa)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.)

Declension of βαρύς

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	βαρύς (varýs)	βαριά (variá)	βαρύ (varý)		βαριοί (varioí)	βαριές (variés)	βαριά (variá)
genitive	βαριού (varioú) βαρύ (varý)	βαριάς (variás)	βαριού (varioú) βαρύ (varý)		βαριών (varión)	βαριών (varión)	βαριών (varión)
accusative	βαρύ (varý)	βαριά (variá)	βαρύ (varý)		βαριούς (varioús)	βαριές (variés)	βαριά (variá)
vocative	βαρύ (varý)	βαριά (variá)	βαρύ (varý)		βαριοί (varioí)	βαριές (variés)	βαριά (variá)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.)

Degrees of comparison by suffixation

comparative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative βαρύτερος (varýteros) βαρύτερη (varýteri) βαρύτερο (varýtero) βαρύτεροι (varýteroi) βαρύτερες (varýteres) βαρύτερα (varýtera) genitive βαρύτερου (varýterou) βαρύτερης (varýteris) βαρύτερου (varýterou) βαρύτερων (varýteron) βαρύτερων (varýteron) βαρύτερων (varýteron) accusative βαρύτερο (varýtero) βαρύτερη (varýteri) βαρύτερο (varýtero) βαρύτερους (varýterous) βαρύτερες (varýteres) βαρύτερα (varýtera) vocative βαρύτερε (varýtere) βαρύτερη (varýteri) βαρύτερο (varýtero) βαρύτεροι (varýteroi) βαρύτερες (varýteres) βαρύτερα (varýtera) Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms: e.g. ο βαρύτερος (o varýteros), etc. absolute superlative (?) singular plural masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter nominative βαρύτατος (varýtatos) βαρύτατη (varýtati) βαρύτατο (varýtato) βαρύτατοι (varýtatoi) βαρύτατες (varýtates) βαρύτατα (varýtata) genitive βαρύτατου (varýtatou) βαρύτατης (varýtatis) βαρύτατου (varýtatou) βαρύτατων (varýtaton) βαρύτατων (varýtaton) βαρύτατων (varýtaton) accusative βαρύτατο (varýtato) βαρύτατη (varýtati) βαρύτατο (varýtato) βαρύτατους (varýtatous) βαρύτατες (varýtates) βαρύτατα (varýtata) vocative βαρύτατε (varýtate) βαρύτατη (varýtati) βαρύτατο (varýtato) βαρύτατοι (varýtatoi) βαρύτατες (varýtates) βαρύτατα (varýtata)

Related terms

• βαρύς γλυκός (varýs glykós, “very sweet”)
• antonyms ελαφρύς (elafrýs)

• and see: βάρος n (város, “weight, mass”)

Further reading

• βαρύς, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language