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karu

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "karu"

Ajië

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Pronunciation

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Numeral

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karu

  1. two

References

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Estonian

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Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *karhu.

Noun

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karu (genitive karu, partitive karu)

  1. bear

Declension

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Declension of karu (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative karu karud
accusative nom.
gen. karu
genitive karude
partitive karu karusid
illative karru
karusse 		karudesse
inessive karus karudes
elative karust karudest
allative karule karudele
adessive karul karudel
ablative karult karudelt
translative karuks karudeks
terminative karuni karudeni
essive karuna karudena
abessive karuta karudeta
comitative karuga karudega

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Livonian: karū

Finnish

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Etymology

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Possibly borrowed from a Germanic language (compare Middle Low German karich, karch),[1] and perhaps derived with +‎ -u. Cognate with Karelian karu, Ludian karu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑru/, [ˈkɑ̝ru]
  • Rhymes: -ɑru
  • Syllabification(key): ka‧ru
  • Hyphenation(key): ka‧ru

Adjective

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karu (comparative karumpi, superlative karuin)

  1. unfertile, barren, bare (such as of land)
  2. barren, stark
  3. austere, harsh

Declension

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Inflection of karu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative karu karut
genitive karun karujen
partitive karua karuja
illative karuun karuihin
singular plural
nominative karu karut
accusative nom. karu karut
gen. karun
genitive karun karujen
partitive karua karuja
inessive karussa karuissa
elative karusta karuista
illative karuun karuihin
adessive karulla karuilla
ablative karulta karuilta
allative karulle karuille
essive karuna karuina
translative karuksi karuiksi
abessive karutta karuitta
instructive — karuin
comitative — karuine
Possessive forms of karu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative karuni karuni
accusative nom. karuni karuni
gen. karuni
genitive karuni karujeni
partitive karuani karujani
inessive karussani karuissani
elative karustani karuistani
illative karuuni karuihini
adessive karullani karuillani
ablative karultani karuiltani
allative karulleni karuilleni
essive karunani karuinani
translative karukseni karuikseni
abessive karuttani karuittani
instructive — —
comitative — karuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative karusi karusi
accusative nom. karusi karusi
gen. karusi
genitive karusi karujesi
partitive karuasi karujasi
inessive karussasi karuissasi
elative karustasi karuistasi
illative karuusi karuihisi
adessive karullasi karuillasi
ablative karultasi karuiltasi
allative karullesi karuillesi
essive karunasi karuinasi
translative karuksesi karuiksesi
abessive karuttasi karuittasi
instructive — —
comitative — karuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative karumme karumme
accusative nom. karumme karumme
gen. karumme
genitive karumme karujemme
partitive karuamme karujamme
inessive karussamme karuissamme
elative karustamme karuistamme
illative karuumme karuihimme
adessive karullamme karuillamme
ablative karultamme karuiltamme
allative karullemme karuillemme
essive karunamme karuinamme
translative karuksemme karuiksemme
abessive karuttamme karuittamme
instructive — —
comitative — karuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative karunne karunne
accusative nom. karunne karunne
gen. karunne
genitive karunne karujenne
partitive karuanne karujanne
inessive karussanne karuissanne
elative karustanne karuistanne
illative karuunne karuihinne
adessive karullanne karuillanne
ablative karultanne karuiltanne
allative karullenne karuillenne
essive karunanne karuinanne
translative karuksenne karuiksenne
abessive karuttanne karuittanne
instructive — —
comitative — karuinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative karunsa karunsa
accusative nom. karunsa karunsa
gen. karunsa
genitive karunsa karujensa
partitive karuaan
karuansa 		karujaan
karujansa
inessive karussaan
karussansa 		karuissaan
karuissansa
elative karustaan
karustansa 		karuistaan
karuistansa
illative karuunsa karuihinsa
adessive karullaan
karullansa 		karuillaan
karuillansa
ablative karultaan
karultansa 		karuiltaan
karuiltansa
allative karulleen
karullensa 		karuilleen
karuillensa
essive karunaan
karunansa 		karuinaan
karuinansa
translative karukseen
karuksensa 		karuikseen
karuiksensa
abessive karuttaan
karuttansa 		karuittaan
karuittansa
instructive — —
comitative — karuineen
karuinensa

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Ruppel, Klaas, editor (2021–2023), Suomen etymologinen sanakirja [Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 72)‎[1] (in Finnish), Kotimaisten kielten keskus, →ISSN

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Gurindji

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Noun

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karu

  1. child

References

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Japanese

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Romanization

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karu

  1. Rōmaji transcription of かる

Kambera

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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karu

  1. sack

References

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  • Marian Klamer (1998), A Grammar of Kambera, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 213

Karelian

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Regional variants of karu
North Karelian
(Viena) 		karu
South Karelian
(Tver) 		karu

Etymology

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Related to Finnish karu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑru/
  • Hyphenation: ka‧ru

Noun

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karu (genitive karun, partitive karuo)

  1. devil, imp

Adjective

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The template Template:krl-noun does not use the parameter(s): 
3=karumpi//karumbi
4=karuin
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

karu (genitive karun, partitive karuo)

  1. of bad quality
  2. (North Karelian) barren, unfertile

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of karu (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative karu karut
genitive karun karujen
partitive karuo karuja
illative karuh karuloih
inessive karušša karuloissa
elative karušta karuloista
adessive karulla karuloilla
ablative karulta karuloilta
translative karukši karuloiksi
essive karuna karuloina
comitative — karuloineh
abessive karutta karuloitta
prolative — —
instructive — karuloin
Tver Karelian declension of karu (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
singular plural
nominative karu karut
genitive karun karuloin
partitive karuo karuloida
illative karuh karuloih
inessive karušša karuloissa
elative karušta karuloista
adessive karulla karuloilla
ablative karulda karuloilda
translative karukši karuloiksi
essive karuna karuloina
comitative karunke karuloinke
abessive karutta karuloitta
prolative karučč karuloičči
instructive — karuloin
Possessive forms of karu
1st person karuni
2nd person karuš
3rd person karuh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

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  • A. V. Punzhina (1994), “karu”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “дьявол”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN, page 95
  • Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “karu”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎[5], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN

Latvian

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Noun

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karu m

  1. inflection of karš:
    1. accusative singular
    2. instrumental/genitive plural

Verb

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karu

  1. first-person singular present indicative of kārt

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [kɐˈrʊ]
  • Rhymes: -ʊ
  • Syllabification: ka‧rù

Noun

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karù m

  1. instrumental singular of kãras

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈka.ru/
  • Rhymes: -aru
  • Syllabification: ka‧ru

Noun

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karu

  1. accusative/instrumental singular of kara

Māori

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *kalu₂ (compare with Samoan ‘alu).[1][2]

Sense of eye likely from 'spongy pulp of the calabash'[3] > 'spongy membrane surrounding the eye' (sclera) > 'pupil of the eye' > 'eye'.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kaˈru/ [kɐˈɾʉ]

Noun

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karu

Te karu i roto te hua o te hue.
  1. spongy matter (pulp around the seeds of a bottle gourd,[3] brains, clotted blood etc)
    Synonyms: pukahu, kōpuka, roro
  2. pupil of the eye
  3. eye
    Synonyms: mata, whatu
    E ai ki ngā kōrero i whakapurua e Te Whānau-a-Apanui ngā karu o te papa angaanga o tana matua, o Te Pori-o-te-rangi, ki te harare pūwhero.
    It is said that Te Whānau-a-Apanui plugged up the eye sockets of the skull of her father, Te Pori-o-te-rangi, with red sealing wax.

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “kalub”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551–9
  2. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “kalua”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551–9
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “Hue”, in Te Māra Reo‎[2], Benson Family Trust, 2026

Further reading

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  • Williams, Herbert William (1917), “karu”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 120
  • John C. Moorfield (2011), “karu”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN

Old High German

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Noun

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karu

  1. dative singular of kara

Old Tupi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaʔru, from *kar- (“thing”) +‎ *ʔu (“to eat”), literally “to eat things”.[1][2]

Cognate with Awetí kat-ʔu, Paraguayan Guarani karu.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kaˈɾu/
  • Rhymes: -u
  • Hyphenation: ka‧ru

Noun

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karu (possessable)

  1. consumption (the act of eating)
  2. meal; repast (food served or eaten)
  3. overeating (the act of eating to excess)

Derived terms

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Adjective

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karu (noun form karu)

  1. gluttonous (prone to overeating)

Declension

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    Declension of karu (oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)
Note: not all forms are attested. Most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative mongaru
Deadjectivals
-ba'e i karuba'e
-sab(a) karûaba / karusaba
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative xe karu nde karu i karu oré karu îandé karu pe karu
Imperative
Permissive ta xe karu ta nde karu t'i karu t'oré karu t'îandé karu ta pe karu
Negative indicative na xe karuî na nde karuî n'i karuî n'oré karuî n'îandé karuî na pe karuî
Negative imperative nde karu umẽ pe karu umẽ
Negative permissive ta xe karu umẽ ta nde karu umẽ t'i karu umẽ t'oré karu umẽ t'îandé karu umẽ ta pe karu umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative xe karuramo nde karuramo o karuramo oré karuramo îandé karuramo pe karuramo
Negative xe karue'ymamo nde karue'ymamo o karue'ymamo oré karue'ymamo îandé karue'ymamo pe karue'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative karu
Negative karue'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative same as gerund1
xe karuû2 i karuû2 oré karuû2 îandé karuû2
Negative same as gerund1
xe karue'ymi2 i karue'ymi2 oré karue'ymi2 îandé karue'ymi2
1South Tupi
2North Tupi

Derived terms

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Verb

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karu (first-person singular active indicative akaru, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akaruî, noun karu) (intransitive)

  1. to eat
    Near-synonym: 'u (transitive)
  2. to graze (to eat grass from a pasture)

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of karu (intransitive, U-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative mongaru
Causative-comitative erokaru
Deverbals
-ba'e okaruba'e
-sab(a) karûaba / karusaba
-sar(a) karûara / karusara
Singular Singular and Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative akaru erekaru okaru orokaru îakaru pekaru
Permissive t'akaru t'erekaru t'okaru t'orokaru t'îakaru ta pekaru
Imperative ekaru pekaru
Negative indicative n'akaruî n'erekaruî n'okaruî n'orokaruî n'îakaruî na pekaruî
Negative permissive t'akaru umẽ t'erekaru umẽ t'okaru umẽ t'orokaru umẽ t'îakaru umẽ ta pekaru umẽ
Negative imperative ekaru umẽ pekaru umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative gûikarûabo ekarûabo okarûabo orokarûabo îakarûabo pekarûabo
Negative gûikarue'yma ekarue'yma okarue'yma orokarue'yma îakarue'yma pekarue'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative karu
Negative karue'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe karuû i karuû oré karuû îandé karuû
Negative xe karue'ymi i karue'ymi oré karue'ymi îandé karue'ymi

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Corrêa da Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2010), Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas [Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: linguistic relations and historical implications] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 404
  2. ^ Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues (2007), “As consoantes do proto-tupí”, in Aryon d'Alligna Rodrigues, Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral, editors, Línguas e culturas tupí‎[3], 1 edition, volume 1, Campinas: Curt Nimuendajú, pages 167–204

Papiamentu

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Portuguese caro and Spanish caro, ultimately from Latin carus

Adjective

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karu

  1. expensive, costly, pricey
    Mi gusta e kas aki, pero e ta muchu karu.
    I like this house, but it's too expensive.

Paraguayan Guarani

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *karʔu (“to eat (things)”). By surface analysis, *kat (“thing”) + *ʔu (“to eat”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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karu

  1. food
  2. meal
  3. lunch

Verb

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karu

  1. to eat
  2. to have lunch

Conjugation

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    Conjugation of karu
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
active
indicative che akaru nde rekaru ha'e okaru ñande jakaru ore rokaru peẽ pekaru ha'ekuéra okaru/okaru hikuái
hortative takaru che terekaru nde tokaru ha'e tajakaru ñande torokaru ore tapekaru peẽ tokaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - ekaru - - - pekaru -
passive
indicative che ajekaru nde rejekaru ha'e ojekaru ñande jajekaru ore rojekaru peẽ pejekaru ha'ekuéra ojekaru/ojekaru hikuái
hortative tajekaru che terejekaru nde tojekaru ha'e tajajekaru ñande torojekaru ore tapejekaru peẽ tojekaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - ejekaru - - - pejekaru -
reciprocal
indicative - - - ñande jajokaru ore rojokaru peẽ pejokaru ha'ekuéra ojokaru/ojokaru hikuái
hortative - - - tajajokaru ñande torojokaru ore tapejokaru peẽ tojokaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - - - - - pejokaru -
coactive
indicative che ambokaru nde rembokaru ha'e ombokaru ñande ñambokaru ore rombokaru peẽ pembokaru ha'ekuéra ombokaru/ombokaru hikuái
hortative tambokaru che terembokaru nde tombokaru ha'e tañambokaru ñande torombokaru ore tapembokaru peẽ tombokaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - embokaru - - - pembokaru -
objective
indicative che arokaru/aguerokaru nde rerokaru/reguerokaru ha'e orokaru/oguerokaru ñande jarokaru/jaguerokaru ore rorokaru/roguerokaru peẽ perokaru/peguerokaru ha'ekuéra orokaru/oguerokaru//orokaru/oguerokaru hikuái
hortative torokaru/taguerokaru che tererokaru/tereguerokaru nde torokaru/toguerokaru ha'e tajarokaru/tajaguerokaru ñande tororokaru/toroguerokaru ore taperokaru/tapeguerokaru peẽ torokaru/toguerokaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - erokaru/eguerokaru - - - perokaru/peguerokaru -
subsumptive¹
indicative che aporokaru/amba'ekaru nde reporokaru/remba'ekaru ha'e oporokaru/omba'ekaru ñande japorokaru/ñamba'ekaru ore roporokaru/romba'ekaru peẽ peporokaru/pemba'ekaru ha'ekuéra oporokaru/omba'ekaru//oporokaru/omba'ekaru hikuái
hortative taporokaru/tamba'ekaru che tereporokaru/teremba'ekaru nde toporokaru/tomba'ekaru ha'e tajaporokaru/tañamba'ekaru ñande toroporokaru/toromba'ekaru ore tapeporokaru/tapemba'ekaru peẽ toporokaru/tomba'ekaru ha'ekuéra/hikuái
imperative - eporokaru/emba'ekaru - - - peporokaru/pemba'ekaru -
¹: the subsumptive forms with -poro- are used with humans, while the forms with -mba'e- are used with animals.

References

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Quechua

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Adjective

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karu

  1. distant, remote, far-off

Rapa Nui

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Noun

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karu

  1. seed

Sora

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Alternative forms

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  • -kar- (combining form)

Etymology

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Cognate with Mundari [script needed] (sara') ("monkey"), Ho sara ("monkey"), Korku [script needed] (saraq) ("monkey").

Pronunciation

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Noun

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karu

  1. monkey

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  • Ramamurti, R. S. (1933). Sora–English Dictionary. Delhi: Mittal Publication.

Votic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *karhu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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karu

  1. bear

Inflection

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Declension of karu (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative karu karud
genitive karu karujõ
partitive karrua karuit
illative karru, karusõ karuisõ
inessive karuz karuiz
elative karuss karuiss
allative karullõ karuillõ
adessive karull karuill
ablative karult karuilt
translative karussi karuissi
'Standardized' inflection based on the Vaipooli dialects; see WT:AVOT.
For dialectal differences between case endings, see Appendix:Votic dialects.
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

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  • Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “karu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language]‎[6], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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