徒
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: 徙
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]徒 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 24281, composition ⿰彳走)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
- Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 823, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5F92
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
徒 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 徒 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Small seal script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'aː) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ). Later corrupted into 彳 + 走.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tu2
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thù
- Jin (Wiktionary): tu1
- Northern Min (KCR): dǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): dù
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6du
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tú
- Wade–Giles: tʻu2
- Yale: tú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twu
- Palladius: ту (tu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tou4
- Yale: tòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou4
- Guangdong Romanization: tou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thù
- Hakka Romanization System: tuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tu2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tu1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dù
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: du
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aː/
Definitions
[edit]徒
- to be on foot
- 以吾從大夫之後,不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǐ wú cóng dàfū zhīhòu, bùkě tú xíng yě. [Pinyin]
- For, to follow in the rear of the great officers, it was not proper that I should walk on foot.
以吾从大夫之后,不可徒行也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- foot soldier
- disciple; follower; adherent
- religious follower; apostle; worshipper
- the likes of
- Synonym: friend
- 聖人無常師:孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其賢不及孔子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Han Yu, 師說 (shīshuō)
- Shèngrén wú cháng shī: Kǒngzǐ shī Tánzǐ, Chánghóng, Shīxiāng, Lǎodān. Tánzǐ zhī tú, qí xián bùjí kǒngzǐ. [Pinyin]
- The wise man does not have an invariable teacher: Confucius learned from Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shixiang, and Laozi. The likes of Tanzi are not more virtuous than Confucius.
圣人无常师:孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- prison sentence
- (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics
- 走!復入言沛公,吾高陽酒徒也,非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zǒu! Fù rù yán Pèigōng, wú Gāoyáng jiǔtú yě, fēi rúrén yě. [Pinyin]
- Depart! Make haste! Go back in there and tell the Prince of Pei again that I am the Drunkard of Gaoyang; I'm no 'scholar!'
走!复入言沛公,吾高阳酒徒也,非儒人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- bare; plain
- merely; only; just
- 徒善不足以為政,徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Tú shàn bùzú yǐ wéi zhèng, tú fǎ bùnéng yǐ zì xíng. [Pinyin]
- Virtue alone is not sufficient for the exercise of government; laws alone cannot carry themselves into practice.
徒善不足以为政,徒法不能以自行。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 助之長者,揠苗者也。非徒無益,而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhù zhī zhǎng zhě, yà miáo zhě yě. Fēi tú wúyì, ér yòu hài zhī. [Pinyin]
- They who assist it to grow long, pull out their corn. What they do is not only of no benefit to the nature, but it also injures it
助之长者,揠苗者也。非徒无益,而又害之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 上色徒弟
- 上首徒弟
- 不法之徒 (bùfǎzhītú)
- 不肖之徒
- 不逞之徒 (bùchěngzhītú)
- 丹徒布衣
- 亡命之徒 (wángmìngzhītú)
- 佞徒損友/佞徒损友
- 使徒 (shǐtú)
- 信徒 (xìntú)
- 僧徒 (sēngtú)
- 凶徒 (xiōngtú)
- 刁徒
- 匪徒 (fěitú)
- 十二使徒
- 博徒
- 叛徒 (pàntú)
- 司徒 (sītú)
- 吾徒
- 囚徒 (qiútú)
- 回教徒 (huíjiàotú)
- 大司徒
- 好事之徒
- 奸徒
- 好色之徒 (hàosèzhītú)
- 學徒/学徒 (xuétú)
- 學徒制/学徒制
- 學徒工/学徒工 (xuétúgōng)
- 宗徒 (zōngtú)
- 宗教徒 (zōngjiàotú)
- 家徒四壁 (jiātúsìbì)
- 家徒壁立
- 家徒甚殷
- 實繁有徒/实繁有徒
- 工徒
- 左徒
- 市井之徒 (shìjǐngzhītú)
- 師徒/师徒 (shītú)
- 帶徒弟/带徒弟
- 廝徒/厮徒
- 徒不上墓
- 徒亂人意/徒乱人意
- 徒兒/徒儿
- 徒兵
- 徒具
- 徒刑 (túxíng)
- 徒勞/徒劳 (túláo)
- 徒勞往返/徒劳往返
- 徒勞無功/徒劳无功 (túláowúgōng)
- 徒勞無益/徒劳无益
- 徒子徒孫/徒子徒孙 (túzǐtúsūn)
- 徒廢脣舌/徒废唇舌
- 徒弟 (túdì)
- 徒手 (túshǒu)
- 徒手操
- 徒搏
- 徒有其名 (túyǒuqímíng)
- 徒有虛名/徒有虚名 (túyǒuxūmíng)
- 徒杠
- 徒歌
- 徒步 (túbù)
- 徒步旅行
- 徒步當車/徒步当车
- 徒然 (túrán)
- 徒眾/徒众 (túzhòng)
- 徒行 (túxíng)
- 徒託空言/徒托空言
- 徒負虛名/徒负虚名
- 徒費無益/徒费无益
- 徒費脣舌/徒费唇舌
- 徒跣
- 徒陳空文/徒陈空文
- 徒隸/徒隶
- 息徒
- 惡徒/恶徒 (ètú)
- 授徒 (shòutú)
- 擔負公徒/担负公徒
- 教徒 (jiàotú)
- 斗筲之徒
- 暴徒 (bàotú)
- 有期徒刑 (yǒuqī túxíng)
- 木石為徒/木石为徒
- 株送徒
- 棍徒
- 歹徒 (dǎitú)
- 歹徒橫行/歹徒横行
- 法徒
- 清教徒 (qīngjiàotú)
- 滿徒/满徒
- 潑無徒/泼无徒
- 無徒/无徒
- 無期徒刑/无期徒刑 (wúqī túxíng)
- 無籍之徒/无籍之徒
- 煙波釣徒/烟波钓徒
- 狂徒 (kuángtú)
- 狐鼠之徒
- 生徒 (shēngtú)
- 登徒子 (dēngtúzǐ)
- 福不徒來/福不徒来
- 穴處之徒/穴处之徒
- 絳帳授徒/绛帐授徒
- 繁有徒
- 纓緌之徒/缨𮉫之徒
- 義徒/义徒
- 藝徒/艺徒
- 豪俠強徒/豪侠强徒
- 賭徒/赌徒 (dǔtú)
- 躍躍狂徒/跃跃狂徒
- 車徒/车徒
- 酒徒 (jiǔtú)
- 酒色之徒
- 釣徒/钓徒
- 門徒/门徒 (méntú)
- 非徒
- 章句之徒
- 饕餮之徒
- 馬齒徒增/马齿徒增
- 馬齒徒長/马齿徒长
- 騙徒/骗徒 (piàntú)
- 高徒 (gāotú)
- 高陽酒徒/高阳酒徒
- 鹽徒/盐徒
- 黨徒/党徒 (dǎngtú)
References
[edit]- “徒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01288
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]徒
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ず (zu)←づ (du, historical)
- Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
- Kun: いたずら (itazura)←いたづら (itadura, historical)、あだ (ada)、かち (kachi, 徒)、かし (kashi, 徒)、ともがら (tomogara)、むだ (muda)
- Nanori: とも (tomo)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 徒競走 (tokyōsō)
- 徒刑 (tokei)
- 徒行 (tokō)
- 徒死 (toshi)
- 徒爾 (toji)
- 徒手 (toshu)
- 徒消 (toshō)
- 徒渉 (toshō)
- 徒食 (toshoku)
- 徒跣 (tosen)
- 徒然 (tozen)
- 徒卒 (tosotsu)
- 徒長 (tochō)
- 徒弟 (totei)
- 徒党 (totō)
- 徒輩 (tohai)
- 徒費 (tohi)
- 徒歩 (toho)
- 徒法 (tohō)
- 徒労 (torō)
- 徒論 (toron)
- 学徒 (gakuto)
- 奸徒, 姦徒 (kanto)
- 義徒 (gito)
- 逆徒 (gyakuto)
- 凶徒, 兇徒 (kyōto)
- 教徒 (kyōto)
- 刑徒 (keito)
- 残徒 (zanto)
- 使徒 (shito)
- 緇徒 (shito)
- 囚徒 (shūto)
- 宗徒 (shūto)
- 酒徒 (shuto)
- 信徒 (shinto)
- 生徒 (seito)
- 聖徒 (seito)
- 僧徒 (sōto)
- 賊徒 (zokuto)
- 檀徒 (danto)
- 博徒 (bakuto)
- 叛徒 (hanto)
- 匪徒 (hito)
- 仏徒 (butto)
- 暴徒 (bōto)
- 門徒 (monto)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
いたずら Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]徒 • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?†-nari
Noun
[edit]徒 • (itazura) ←いたづら (itadura)?
- a kind of women's hairstyles in the late Edo period
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
あだ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]- useless, fruitless
- 一度限りの人生を徒にしてしまう
- ichido kagiri no jinsei o ada ni shiteshimau
- to make one's one-time life gone ruined
- 一度限りの人生を徒にしてしまう
- (now rare) ephemeral, temporary
- (now rare) fickle, frivolous
- (now rare) slack, lukewarm
- (historical, poetry) the term of the 蕉風俳諧 (shōfūhaikai, “Bashō style haikai”) to indicate innocent and humorous style
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
かち Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
ただ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||||
| ||||
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
むだ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 徒 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 徒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
と Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
ず Grade: 4 |
goon |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (historical) one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 8
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
徒 |
かし Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
<kasi> → /kaɕi/
From an eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”).
Noun
[edit]- (Classical Japanese, dialectal) Obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
-
- 阿加胡麻乎 夜麻努尓波賀志 刀里加尓弖 多麻能余許夜麻 加志由加也良牟 [Man'yōgana]
- 赤駒を 山野に放し 捕りかにて 多摩の横山 徒ゆか遣らむ [Modern spelling]
- <Akago1ma wo yamano1 ni pagasi to1rikanite Tama no2 yo2ko2yama kasi yuka yaramu>
→ Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramu - Having our red horse pastured on the mountain field, but we couldn't catch it; so I'll send him, who'll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
-
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 徒 (MC du). Recorded as Middle Korean 도 (two) (Yale: two) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 도 (“party; gang; group; disciple”)
- hanja form? of 도 (“going on foot”)
- hanja form? of 도 (“useless; in vain”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Categories:
- Character boxes with images
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Sichuanese adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Taishanese adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Jin adverbs
- Northern Min adverbs
- Eastern Min adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Middle Chinese adverbs
- Old Chinese adverbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 徒
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese derogatory terms
- Chinese surnames
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ず
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading づ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading と
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いたずら
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading いたづら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あだ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かち
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ともがら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading むだ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とも
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as いたずら
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese なり-nari adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as あだ
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- ja:Poetry
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as かち
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as ただ
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as むだ
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as と
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as ず
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms spelled with 徒 read as かし
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Classical Japanese
- Japanese dialectal terms
- Japanese obsolete forms
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters