常

§Translingual

§Han character

常 (radical 50 巾+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月口中月 (FBRLB), four-corner 9022₇, composition ⿱⿱龸口巾)

1. common, normal, frequent, regular, often
2. a Chinese surname

§References

• KangXi: page 333, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8955
• Dae Jaweon: page 639, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 744, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5E38

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§Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		常

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháng (chang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): siông / chhiâng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cháng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ang²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: changr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: soeng⁴
    • Yale: sèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông / chhiâng
    • Tâi-lô: siông / tshiâng
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɔŋ²³/, /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɔŋ¹³/, /t͡ɕʰiaŋ¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (常, reconstructed)
Character (常), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 常 (25) Final: 陽 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 市羊切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/	/ʑi̯aŋ/	/ʑiaŋ/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/	/ʑĭaŋ/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (常, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
常								cháng								‹ dzyang ›								/*[d]aŋ/								constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
常					11152					尚					陽					0					常					/*djaŋ/

§Definitions

Wikipedia ^en

1. common; general; normal
2. constant; invariable
3. often; frequently
4. A surname​. Chang

§Compounds

Compounds

常备 常备不懈 常备军 常常 (chángcháng) 常川 常春藤 常服 常规 常规武器 常轨 常衡 常会 常见 常景 常客 常礼 常理, 常理儿 常例 常量 常绿树 常绿植物 常年 常青 常情 常人 常任 常设 常胜将军 常识 常识课 常时 常事 常数 常态 常谈 常套 常委 常温 常温层 常温动物 常务 常性 常言 常业 常用 常用对数 常住 常驻 經常 / 经常

§References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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§Japanese

§Kanji

常

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

§Etymology

tokotopa → tokotoɸa → tokotowa.

§Readings

• On: じょう (jō), しょう (shō)
• Kun: つね (tsune), とこ (toko), つねに (tsuneni)

§Noun

常 (hiragana とこ, romaji toko)

1. eternal

§Derived terms

• 常春 (tokoharu)
• 常夏 (tokonatsu)
• 常秋 (tokoaki)
• 常冬 (tokofuyu)
• 常乙女 (tokootome)
• 常し (tokoshi)
• 常しえ (tokoshie)
• 常つ国 (toko tsu kuni)
• 常闇 (tokoyami)
• 常世 (tokoyo)
• 常葉 (tokowa)

§Noun

常 (hiragana とことわ, romaji tokotowa, historical hiragana とことは)

1. permanence

§Noun

常 (hiragana とことば, romaji tokotoba)

1. permanence

§Noun

常 (hiragana つね, romaji tsune)

1. always

§Derived terms

• 常に (tsune ni)

§Noun

常 (hiragana きた, romaji kita)

1. a unit used to measure the length of cloth
2. a unit for measuring the area of a field

§Noun

常 (hiragana きだ, romaji kida)

1. a unit used to measure the length of cloth
2. a unit for measuring the area of a field

§Compounds

• 常温
• 常時
• 常識
• 常習
• 常人
• 常体
• 常態
• 常任
• 常務
• 常務取締役
• 常夏
• 異常
• 尋常
• 通常

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§Korean

§Hanja

常 (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune-Reischauer sang)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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§Vietnamese

§Han character

常 (thường, sàn)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.