general

See also: General, generál, général, generał, and general-

English

Alternative forms

• generall (chiefly archaic)

Etymology

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛnɹəl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹəl/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gene‧ral, gen‧er‧al

Adjective

general (comparative more general, superlative most general)

1. Including or involving every part or member of a given or implied entity, whole etc.; as opposed to specific or particular. [from 13th c.]
   • c. 1495, Skelton, John, "Vppon a deedman's hed":

     It is generall / To be mortall: / I haue well espyde / No man may hym hyde / From Deth holow eyed […] .

   • 1842, Jerrold, Douglas, “Mr Peppersorn ‘At Home’”, in Cakes and Ale:

     "Among us!" was the general shout, and Peppersorn sat frozen to his chair.

   • 1946, Russell, Bertrand, “Stoicism”, in History of Western Philosophy, book 1, part 3:

     Undoubtedly the age of the Antonines was much better than any later age until the Renaissance, from the point of view of the general happiness.

   • 2006 October 15, Sutherland, Ruth, “Invite public to the private equity party”, in The Observer:

     One advantage of having profitable companies in Britain is that they pay large sums in corporate tax into the Exchequer, which in theory at least is used for the general good.

2. (sometimes postpositive) Applied to a person (as a postmodifier or a normal preceding adjective) to indicate supreme rank, in civil or military titles, and later in other terms; pre-eminent. [from 14th c.]
   • 1865, Cust, Edward, Lives of the Warriors of the Thirty Years War, page 527:

     For these successes he obtained the rank of Field-Marshal General.

   • 2002, Turner, James, Libertines and Radicals in Early Modern London, page 122:

     He becomes the chief chartered libertine, the whoremaster-general flourishing his "standard" over a female army […] .

3. Prevalent or widespread among a given class or area; common, usual. [from 14th c.]
   • 1817, Scott, Sir Walter, chapter IX, in Rob Roy:

     ‘I can't quite afford you the sympathy you expect upon this score,’ I replied; ‘the misfortune is so general, that it belongs to one half of the species […] .’

   • 2008 December 20, Patterson, John, “Home movies”, in The Guardian:

     The general opinion on Baz Luhrmann's overstuffed epic Australia seems to be that it throws in everything but the kitchen sink, and then tosses that in too, just to be sure.

4. Not limited in use or application; applicable to the whole or every member of a class or category. [from 14th c.]
   • 1924 March 17, Time:

     M. Venizelos went to Athens from Paris early last January in response to a general invitation from the Greek populace.

   • 2009, Zipes, Douglas P., Saturday Evening Post, volume 281, number 1, page 20:

     Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a general term indicating a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) coming from the top chambers of the heart - in essence, above (supra) the lower chamber (ventricular).

5. Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite. [from 16th c.]
   • 1817, Scott, Sir Walter, chapter X, in Rob Roy:

     As she thus spoke, the entrance of the servants with dinner cut off all conversation but that of a general nature.

   • 2006 July 16, Nance, Kevin, “Ghosts of the White City”, in Chicago Sun-Times:

     The quick answer is that the 1893 Exposition was simply so important — "the greatest event in the history of the country since the Civil War," as Harper's put it that October — but that feels too general.

   • 2008, Maloney, Robert P., “The Quiet Carpenter”, in America, volume 199, number 19, page 18:

     Given the scarcity of relevant historical detail in the New Testament, we are left with only a general outline about Joseph.

6. Not limited to a specific class; miscellaneous, concerned with all branches of a given subject or area. [from 16th c.]
   • 1941, Maugham, W Somerset, Up at the Villa, Vintage, published 2004, page 24:

     There was a moment's pause. The Princess broke in with some casual remark and once more the conversation became general.

   • 1947 October 20, “Russian Catechism”, in Time:

     Already in the primary school work is conducted for the purpose of equipping the pupils with those elements of general knowledge which are closely related to the military preparation of future warriors.

   • 2007, Cheuse, Alan, “A Little Death”, in Southern Review, volume 43, number 3, page 692:

     His measured, springless walk was the walk of the skilled countryman as distinct from the desultory shamble of the general labourer […] .

Synonyms

• (involving every part or member): broad, generic; see also Thesaurus:generic
• (prevalent or widespread): typical; see also Thesaurus:common

Antonyms

• (involving every part or member): particular, specific; see also Thesaurus:specific
• (prevalent or widespread): abnormal, uncommon

Derived terms

• agent general
• brigadier general
• colonel general
• general anaesthetic
• generalisation, generalization
• generalise, generalize
• generality
• general knowledge
• generally
• general store
• governor-general, governor general
• in general
• lieutenant general
• major general

 

Related terms

• universal
• common

Translations

involving every part or member, not specific or particular

• Albanian: përgjithshëm (sq)
• Arabic: عَامّ‎ (ʿāmm)
• Armenian: ընդհանուր (hy) (əndhanur)
• Asturian: xeneral
• Bashkir: дөйөм (döyöm)
• Belarusian: агу́льны (be) m (ahúlʹny)
• Breton: hollek (br)
• Bulgarian: общ (bg) (obšt), всео́бщ (bg) (vseóbšt)
• Catalan: general (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 一般 (zh) (yībān), 普通 (zh) (pǔtōng)

• Czech: všeobecný (cs), obecný (cs)
• Danish: generel, almindelig (da)
• Dutch: algemeen (nl)
• Esperanto: ĝenerala (eo)
• Estonian: üldine
• Extremaduran: heneral
• Finnish: yleinen (fi)
• French: général (fr), communal (fr)
• Galician: xeral (gl)
• Georgian: ზოგადი (zogadi)
• German: allgemein (de), generell (de)
• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)
• Hungarian: általános (hu)
• Ido: generala (io)
• Indonesian: menyeluruh (id), umum (id)

• Japanese: 一般 (ja) (いっぱん, ippan), 全般 (ja) (ぜんぱん, zenpan), 普通 (ja) (ふつう, futsū)
• Latin: generālis (la)
• Latvian: vispārējs
• Lithuanian: bendras (lt)
• Macedonian: општ m (opšt)
• Malay: umum (ms), am (ms)
• Maori: whānui, matawhānui, tauwhānui
• Norwegian: allmenn (no), generell (no)
• Polish: ogólny (pl)
• Portuguese: geral (pt)
• Romanian: general (ro) m, comun (ro) m
• Russian: о́бщий (ru) (óbščij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: опћѐнит, све̏опћӣ, на́челан

  Roman: općènit (sh), svȅopćī (sh), náčelan (sh)

• Slovak: všeobecný
• Slovene: splošen (sl)
• Spanish: general (es)
• Swahili: jumla (sw)
• Swedish: generell (sv), allmän (sv)
• Ukrainian: зага́льний (uk) (zahálʹnyj)
• Volapük: valemik (vo)
• Zazaki: deg, degme

of a person: pre-eminent

• French: général (fr), en chef (fr)
• Georgian: მნიშვნელოვანი (mnišvnelovani), გენერალური (generaluri)
• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)
• Malay: awam (ms)

• Portuguese: general (pt) m
• Tagalog: (literally) heneral c

widespread, common

• Dutch: algemeen (nl), wijdverspreid (nl)
• Esperanto: ĝenerala (eo)
• French: général (fr), universal (fr)
• Georgian: ზოგადი (zogadi), გავრცელებული (gavrcelebuli)
• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)
• Hindi: सामान्य (hi) (sāmānya)
• Indonesian: umum (id)

• Maori: tukipū
• Norwegian: allminnelig, vanlig (no)
• Portuguese: geral (pt)
• Swedish: vanlig (sv), allmän (sv), generell (sv)

not limited in application; applicable to a whole class or category

• Arabic: عُمُومِيّ‎ (ʿumūmiyy), عَامّ‎ (ʿāmm)
• Bashkir: дөйөм (döyöm)
• Bulgarian: генера́лен (bg) (generálen)
• Catalan: general (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 一般 (zh) (yībān), 普通 (zh) (pǔtōng), 總 (zh), 总 (zh) (zǒng), 通用 (zh) (tōngyòng)

• Czech: obecný (cs) m
• Danish: almen, generel
• Dutch: algemeen (nl)
• Finnish: yleis-
• French: général (fr)
• Georgian: ზოგადი (zogadi), საერთო (saerto), გენერალური (generaluri)
• German: allgemein (de)
• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)
• Indonesian: menyeluruh (id), umum (id)
• Japanese: 一般的 (ja) (ippanteki)

• Latin: generālis (la)
• Latvian: vispārīgs
• Macedonian: општ m (opšt), генера́лен m (generálen)
• Malay: umum (ms), am (ms)
• Maori: ahuwhānui
• Norwegian: generell (no)
• Portuguese: geral (pt)
• Russian: о́бщий (ru) (óbščij), генера́льный (ru) (generálʹnyj), всео́бщий (ru) (vseóbščij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: свеобу̀хватан, о̏пћӣ

  Roman: sveobùhvatan (sh), ȍpćī (sh)

• Slovak: všeobecný
• Slovene: splošen (sl)
• Swahili: majenerali (sw)
• Swedish: allmän (sv)
• Ukrainian: зага́льний (uk) (zahálʹnyj), генера́льний (henerálʹnyj)

consisting of only the most important aspects; indefinite

• Bulgarian: гла́вен (bg) (gláven)
• French: d'ensemble (fr)
• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)

• Indonesian: umum (id)
• Portuguese: generalizado

miscellaneous, not limited to a specific class

• Bashkir: дөйөм (döyöm)
• Bulgarian: общ (bg) (obšt)
• French: général (fr)

• Greek: γενικός (el) m (genikós)
• Indonesian: umum (id)
• Swedish: allmän (sv), generell (sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} ĝenerala (eo)
• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} üldine
• French: ^{(please verify)} général (fr) m, ^{(please verify)} générale (fr) f
• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} כְּלָלִי‎ (he) m (klali) , ^{(please verify)} כְּלָלִית‎ f (klalit)
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} umum (id)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} generale (it) m or f
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 일반 (ko) (ilban)

• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} giştî (ku), ^{(please verify)} tevayî (ku), ^{(please verify)} amî (ku), ^{(please verify)} umûmî (ku), ^{(please verify)} pirranî (ku)

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} generalis (la)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} генерални m, ^{(please verify)} о̏пштӣ m

  Roman: ^{(please verify)} generalni (sh) m, ^{(please verify)} ȍpštī (sh) m

• Spanish: ^{(please verify)} general (es)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} genel (tr)

Noun

general (countable and uncountable, plural generals)

1. (now rare) A general fact or proposition; a generality. [from 16th c.]

   We have dealt with the generals; now let us turn to the particulars.

2. (military) The holder of a senior military title, originally designating the commander of an army and now a specific rank falling under field marshal (in the British army) and below general of the army or general of the air force in the US army and air forces. [from 16th c.]
3. A great strategist or tactician. [from 16th c.]

   Hannibal was one of the greatest generals of the ancient world.

4. (Christianity) The head of certain religious orders, especially Dominicans or Jesuits. [from 16th c.]
5. (nautical) A commander of naval forces; an admiral. [16th-18th c.]
6. (colloquial, now historical) A general servant; a maid with no specific duties. [from 19th c.]
   • 1918 March, Rebecca West [pseudonym; Cicily Isabel Fairfield], chapter I, in The Return of the Soldier, 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., OCLC 222017629, page 18:

     My general is sister to your second housemaid.

7. (countable) A general anesthetic.
8. (uncountable) General anesthesia.
9. (uncountable, insurance) The general insurance industry.

   I work in general.

Usage notes

When used as a title, it is always capitalized.

Example: General John Doe.

The rank corresponds to pay grade O-10. Abbreviations: GEN.

Coordinate terms

• (insurance industry): health, life, pensions

Translations

military rank

• Albanian: gjeneral (sq) m
• Arabic: جِنِرال‎ (jinirāl); لِوَاء‎ (ar) m (liwāʾ)

  Egyptian Arabic: لواء‎ m (lewa)

• Armenian: զորավար (hy) (zoravar), գեներալ (hy) (general)
• Azerbaijani: general (az)
• Belarusian: генера́л m (hjenjerál), ваенача́льнік m (vajenačálʹnik), палкаво́дзец m (palkavódzjec)
• Bulgarian: генера́л (bg) m (generál)
• Burmese: ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး (my) (builhkyupkri:)
• Catalan: general (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 將軍 (zh), 将军 (zh) (jiāngjūn), 將帥 (zh), 将帅 (zh) (jiàngshuài)

• Czech: generál (cs) m
• Danish: general c
• Dutch: generaal (nl) m
• Egyptian: (jmj-r mšꜥ)
• Esperanto: generalo
• Estonian: kindral
• Finnish: kenraali (fi)
• French: général (fr) m
• Galician: xeneral (gl) m
• Georgian: გენერალი (generali)
• German: General (de) m
• Greek: στρατηγός (el) (stratigós), πτέραρχος (el) (ptérarchos) (airforce)

  Aeolic: στρόταγος m (strótagos)

  Ancient: στρατηγός m (stratēgós)

• Hebrew: גֶּנֶרָל‎ (he) m (general)
• Hindi: जनरल (hi) m (janral)
• Hungarian: generális, tábornok (hu)
• Indonesian: jenderal (id)
• Italian: generale (it) m
• Japanese: 陸軍大将 (ja) (りくぐんたいしょう, rikugun-taishō), 将軍 (ja) (しょうぐん, shōgun)
• Kazakh: генерал (kk) (general)
• Khmer: ផ្កាយ (km) (phkaay), ព្រះពលទេពសេនាបតី (prĕəh pŭəl teep seenaa), ឧត្តមសេនីយ (utdɑm seeniiy), នាយឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ (km), នាយឧត្តមនាវី (néayʼŏttâmônéavi), សេនាឯក (séʼénéak), មេទ័ព (meetŏəp)
• Korean: 장군(將軍) (ko) (janggun), 대장(大將) (ko) (daejang)
• Kyrgyz: генерал (ky) (general)

• Lao: ພົນເອກ (lo) (phon ʼēk)
• Latin: imperator (la) m, dux (la) m
• Latvian: ģenerālis m
• Lithuanian: generolas m
• Macedonian: генера́л m (generál)
• Malay: jeneral
• Maori: tianara
• Marathi: सेनापती m (senāptī), जनरल m (janral)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: генерал (mn) (general)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: general (no) m

  Nynorsk: general m

• Persian: ژنرال‎ (fa) (ženerâl)
• Polish: generał (pl) m pers
• Portuguese: general (pt) m
• Romanian: general (ro) m
• Russian: военача́льник (ru) m (vojenačálʹnik), полково́дец (ru) m (polkovódec), генера́л (ru) m (generál)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ђенѐра̄л m

  Roman: đenèrāl (sh) m

• Slovak: generál (sk) m
• Slovene: general (sl) m
• Spanish: general (es) m
• Swahili: jenerali (sw)
• Swedish: härförare (sv) c, general (sv) c
• Tagalog: heneral
• Tajik: генерал (general)
• Thai: พลเอก (th) (pon-èek)
• Turkish: general (tr)
• Turkmen: general
• Ukrainian: полково́дець m (polkovódecʹ), генера́л m (henerál), воєнача́льник m (vojenačálʹnyk)
• Uzbek: general (uz)
• Vietnamese: tướng quân (vi) (将軍)
• Yiddish: גענעראַל‎ m (general), גענעראַלשע‎ f (generalshe)
• Zazaki: general

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} kindral
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} generale (it) m
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} jeneral (ku), ^{(please verify)} ceneral (ku), ^{(please verify)} general (ku)

• Lithuanian: (1) ^{(please verify)} generolas m

• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} general (no)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} генѐра̄л m

  Roman: ^{(please verify)} genèrāl (sh) m

• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} general (tr)

See also

• hetman

Verb

general (third-person singular simple present generals, present participle generalling or generaling, simple past and past participle generalled or generaled)

1. To lead (soldiers) as a general.

Adverb

general (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) In a general or collective manner or sense; in most cases; upon the whole.

Anagrams

• enlarge, gleaner, reangle

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ʒə.nəˈɾal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe.neˈɾal/

Adjective

general (masculine and feminine plural generals)

1. general

Noun

general m (plural generals, feminine generala)

1. (military) general

Derived terms

• generalitat
• generalitzar
• generalment
• vaga general

 

Further reading

• “general” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “general” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “general” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “general” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Danish

Noun

general c (singular definite generalen, plural indefinite generaler)

1. general

Inflection

Declension of general

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	general	generalen	generaler	generalerne
genitive	generals	generalens	generalers	generalernes

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Ladin

Adjective

general m (feminine singular generala, masculine plural generai, feminine plural generales)

1. general

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Middle English

Alternative forms

• generall, generale

Etymology

From a mixture of Anglo-Norman general, Middle French general, and Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒɛnəˈraːl/, /ˈdʒɛnəral/

Adjective

general

1. universal, complete
2. comprehensive, wide-ranging
3. general, widely useable or applicable
4. common, widely present

Derived terms

• generally

Descendants

• English: general
• Scots: general

References

• “ǧenerāl, adj. & n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-01.

Noun

general (plural generals)

1. genus, class, group

References

• “ǧenerāl, adj. & n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-01.

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Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

general m (definite singular generalen, indefinite plural generaler, definite plural generalene)

1. (military) a general

Derived terms

• generalguvernør

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

general m (definite singular generalen, indefinite plural generalar, definite plural generalane)

1. (military) a general

Derived terms

• generalguvernør

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Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin generālis.

Noun

general m (oblique plural generaus or generax or generals, nominative singular generaus or generax or generals, nominative plural general)

1. (military) general

Adjective

general m (oblique and nominative feminine singular generale)

1. general (not limited in use or application; applicable to the whole or every member of a class or category)

Declension

Declension of general

Number	Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Subject	generals, generaus, generax	generale	general
	Oblique	general	generale	general
Plural	Subject	general	generales	general
	Oblique	generals, generaus, generax	generales	general

Descendants

• → English: general
• French: général

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin generālis. See also geral, from the same source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ʒe.neˈɾaw/, [ʒe.neˈɾaʊ̯]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ʒɨ.nɨˈɾal/, [ʒɨ.nɨˈɾaɫ]

• Hyphenation: ge‧ne‧ral
• Rhymes: -al, -aw

Noun

general m (plural generais, feminine generala, feminine plural generalas)

1. (military) general

Descendants

• → Tetum: jenerál

Further reading

• “general” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French général, from Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒe.neˈral/

Noun

general m (plural generali)

1. general

Declension

Declension of general

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) general	generalul	(niște) generali	generalii
genitive/dative	(unui) general	generalului	(unor) generali	generalilor
vocative	generalule		generalilor

Adjective

general m or n (feminine singular generală, masculine plural generali, feminine and neuter plural generale)

1. general

Declension

Declension of general

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	general		generală	generali	generale
	definite	generalul		generala	generalii	generalele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	general		generale	generali	generale
	definite	generalului		generalei	generalilor	generalelor

Related terms

• generalitate
• generaliza
• generalizm

 

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German General, from Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡeněraːl/
• Hyphenation: ge‧ne‧ral

Noun

genèrāl m (Cyrillic spelling генѐра̄л)

1. (military) general

Declension

Declension of general

	singular	plural
nominative	genèrāl	generali
genitive	generála	generala
dative	generalu	generalima
accusative	generala	generale
vocative	generale	generali
locative	generalu	generalima
instrumental	generalom	generalima

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Slovene

Etymology

From German General, from Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɛnɛráːl/

Noun

generȃl m anim (female equivalent generȃlica or generȃlka)

1. (military) general

Inflection

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	generál
gen. sing.	generála
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	generál	generála	generáli
accusative	generála	generála	generále
genitive	generála	generálov	generálov
dative	generálu	generáloma	generálom
locative	generálu	generálih	generálih
instrumental	generálom	generáloma	generáli

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xeneˈɾal/, [xe.neˈɾal]

Adjective

general (plural generales)

1. general, overall

Derived terms

• capitán general
• consulado general
• en general
• en líneas generales
• ensayo general
• equilibrio general dinámico estocástico
• gastos generales
• generalidad
• generalización
• generalizar
• generalmente
• huelga general
• por lo general
• relatividad general
• teniente general
• visión general

 

Noun

general m (plural generales, feminine generala, feminine plural generalas)

1. (military) general

Descendants

• → Cebuano: heneral
• → Tagalog: heneral

Further reading

• “general” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Etymology

From German General, from Old French general, from Latin generālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛn(ɛ)ˈrɑːl/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

general c

1. a general; a military title
2. an Air Chief Marshal

Declension

Declension of general
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	general	generalen	generaler	generalerna
Genitive	generals	generalens	generalers	generalernas

Descendants

• → Finnish: kenraali