-alis

See also: alis, Alis, and -ális

Latin

Alternative forms

• -āris, -ēlis, -īlis, -ūlis

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-li-, which later dissimilated into an early version of -āris. Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.lis/, [ˈäːlʲɪs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lis/, [ˈäːlis]

Suffix

-ālis (neuter -āle); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. Used to form adjectives of relationship from nouns or numerals.

Usage notes

The suffix -ālis is added (usually, but not exclusively) to a noun or numeral to form an adjective of relationship to that noun.

Examples:

‎anima (“breath”) + ‎-ālis → ‎animālis (“breath vessel”)

‎crūra (“legs”) + ‎-ālis → ‎crūrālis (“leggings”)

‎pedēs (“feet”) + ‎-ālis → ‎pedālis (“socks”)

‎duo (“two”) + ‎-ālis → ‎duālis (“that contains two”)

‎rēx (“king, ruler”) + ‎-ālis → ‎rēgālis (“regal, royal”)

‎nātūra (“nature”) + ‎-ālis → ‎nātūrālis (“natural”)

If the root word ends in -l or -lis, -āris is generally used instead. Sometimes both forms are found; e.g., līneālis and līneāris.

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	-ālis	-āle		-ālēs	-ālia
Genitive	-ālis			-ālium
Dative	-ālī			-ālibus
Accusative	-ālem	-āle		-ālēs -ālīs	-ālia
Ablative	-ālī			-ālibus
Vocative	-ālis	-āle		-ālēs	-ālia

Derived terms

• -ālia

Latin words suffixed with -alis

Descendants

• Aromanian: -alji, -alj
• Catalan: -al, -alla
• English: -al
• French: -el, -aille
  • → Turkish: -el
• → French: -al
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -al
  • → Turkish: -al
• Friulian: -âl, -ae
• Galician: -al
• German: -al
• Italian: -ale, -aglia
• Occitan: -al, -alha
• Portuguese: -al, -alha
• Romanian: -aie, -ai
• Sicilian: -ali
• Spanish: -al
• Venetian: -al, -aja, -agia
• Welsh: -ol