-alis
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Latin[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *-li-, which later dissimilated into an early version of -āris. Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ālis (neuter -āle); third-declension two-termination suffix
- Used to form adjectives of relationship from nouns or numerals.
Usage notes[edit]
The suffix -ālis is added (usually, but not exclusively) to a noun or numeral to form an adjective of relationship to that noun.
- Examples:
- anima (“breath”) + -ālis → animālis (“breath vessel”)
- crūra (“legs”) + -ālis → crūrālis (“leggings”)
- pedēs (“feet”) + -ālis → pedālis (“socks”)
- duo (“two”) + -ālis → duālis (“that contains two”)
- rēx (“king, ruler”) + -ālis → rēgālis (“regal, royal”)
- nātūra (“nature”) + -ālis → nātūrālis (“natural”)
If the root word ends in -l or -lis, -āris is generally used instead. Sometimes both forms are found; e.g., līneālis and līneāris.
Declension[edit]
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | -ālis | -āle | -ālēs | -ālia | |
Genitive | -ālis | -ālium | |||
Dative | -ālī | -ālibus | |||
Accusative | -ālem | -āle | -ālēs -ālīs |
-ālia | |
Ablative | -ālī | -ālibus | |||
Vocative | -ālis | -āle | -ālēs | -ālia |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Aromanian: -alji, -alj
- Catalan: -al, -alla
- English: -al
- French: -el, -aille
- → Turkish: -el
- → French: -al
- Friulian: -âl, -ae
- Galician: -al
- German: -al
- Italian: -ale, -aglia
- Occitan: -al, -alha
- Portuguese: -al, -alha
- Romanian: -aie, -ai
- Sicilian: -ali
- Spanish: -al
- Venetian: -al, -aja, -agia
- Welsh: -ol
Categories:
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin adjective-forming suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes of two terminations