-al
English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English -al, from the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Likely, the aforementioned Latin suffix is formed from Etruscan genitive suffix -l (as in Etruscan ati (“mother”) / atial (“mother's”)) + adjectival suffix -is (as in fortis, dēbilis, etc.).
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- Of or pertaining to. Adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
- Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.
Usage notes[edit]
If the root word contains l, the variant -ar is often used instead (e.g. solar, lunar, columnar, lumbar), unless the root contains r after the l (lateral, plural). Sometimes both forms are found: linear, lineal. One also sees -ial, as in manorial.
As nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in -al and the other in -tion/-sion (more common suffix), with one or the other being more common, sometimes with different nuances. Notable examples: disposition/disposal (dispose), proposition/proposal (propose), submission/submittal (submit), transmission/transmittal (transmit). Some superficial pairs are actually of different origin, notably reversion/reversal (revert/reverse, not both from reverse).
Derived terms[edit]
- (of or pertaining to): Category:English words suffixed with -al
- (forming nouns, especially of verbal action.): arousal, arrival, bestowal, betrothal, denial, disposal, proposal, rental, rival, reversal, removal, subdual, submittal, transmittal
- -ical
See also[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Extracted from the word aldehyde.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- (organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.
Translations[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Abenaki[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.
- pessimen (“currant”) → pessimenal (“currants”)
- wôbigen (“it is white”) → wôbigenal (“they are white”)
Usage notes[edit]
- -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
- See the usage notes at -ak.
Catalan[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al (masculine and feminine plural -als)
- In adjectives, indicating relation.
- estructura (“structure”) → estructural (“structural”).
Derived terms[edit]
Danish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
Dutch[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Esperanto[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Audio (file)
Suffix[edit]
-al
- for [...] reason (ending for correlatives of reason)
Derived terms[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle French -al, from Old French -al, borrowed from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -el, which is inherited.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al m (feminine -ale) (feminine plural: -ales; masculine plural: -aux;)
- -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also)
Descendants[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns
Derived terms[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).
- (organic chemistry) -al (forms the names of aldehydes)
- etanal ― ethanal
Usage notes[edit]
- (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.
- -ol is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -al is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -el is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öl is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ál is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -z/-oz/-az/-ez/-öz/-áz or -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik.
- (noun-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
K'iche'[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- Forms nouns from adjectives
- Forms nouns from -aj verb suffix
- Forms nouns from adverbs
- Forms nouns from nouns
References[edit]
- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary
Latin[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From apocope of final e in -āle, neuter of -ālis.
Suffix[edit]
-al n (genitive -ālis); third declension
- noun-forming suffix
Declension[edit]
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -al | -ālia |
Genitive | -ālis | -ālium |
Dative | -ālī | -ālibus |
Accusative | -al | -ālia |
Ablative | -ālī | -ālibus |
Vocative | -al | -ālia |
Derived terms[edit]
Lepontic[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al • (-al)
- Romanization of -𐌀𐌋
Manx[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Extracted from goaill.
Suffix[edit]
-al f
- suffix used to form verbal nouns
Etymology 2[edit]
Extracted from goaill.
Suffix[edit]
-al
- suffix used productively to form denominative verbs and their associated verbal nouns
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle Irish -amail (compare Irish -úil, Scottish Gaelic -ail, -eil), from Old Irish -amail.
Suffix[edit]
-al
- An adjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective.
See also[edit]
Middle English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Old French -al, -el and its source Latin -ālis.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- (not productive) Forms adjectives from Latin and Romance vocabulary.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “-al, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Munsee[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.
Usage notes[edit]
- -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
Norman[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French -al, from Latin -ālis.
Suffix[edit]
-al
- -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)
Derived terms[edit]
Old French[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin -ālis. Compare the inherited -el.
Suffix[edit]
-al
- suffix used to form adjectives from nouns
- mesnal ― domestic; household(from mesnee)
Descendants[edit]
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-aľь.
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al m
Declension[edit]
Animate/personal:
Inanimate:
Surnames:
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- -al in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -al in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Portuguese -al, from Latin -ālis.
Suffix[edit]
-al (plural -ais)
- appended to noun X, forms adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to X”
- forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix -ico
- appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X”
- appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X”
- appended to the name of a plant, forms nouns meaning “a field where that plant is cultivated”
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From the first syllable of álcool (“alcohol”) and aldeído (“aldehyde”).
Suffix[edit]
-al m
Spanish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al (plural -ales)
Suffix[edit]
-al m (plural -ales)
- In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown, or where there is plenty of it.
See also[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “-al”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-al
- -al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English adjective-forming suffixes
- English noun-forming suffixes
- en:Organic chemistry
- Abenaki lemmas
- Abenaki suffixes
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan 1-syllable words
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan adjective-forming suffixes
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- da:Organic chemistry
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- nl:Functional group suffixes
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto suffixes
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French masculine suffixes
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -l
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian noun-forming suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- hu:Organic chemistry
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- K'iche' terms with IPA pronunciation
- K'iche' lemmas
- K'iche' suffixes
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin noun-forming suffixes
- Latin neuter suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes
- Latin neuter suffixes in the third declension
- Lepontic lemmas
- Lepontic suffixes
- Manx lemmas
- Manx suffixes
- Manx noun-forming suffixes
- Manx feminine suffixes
- Manx verb-forming suffixes
- Manx terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Manx terms derived from Middle Irish
- Manx terms inherited from Old Irish
- Manx terms derived from Old Irish
- Manx adjective-forming suffixes
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English terms borrowed from Latin
- Middle English terms derived from Latin
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Munsee lemmas
- Munsee suffixes
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms borrowed from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman lemmas
- Norman suffixes
- Old French terms borrowed from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French suffixes
- Old French terms with usage examples
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/al
- Rhymes:Polish/al/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/1 syllable
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese noun-forming suffixes
- Portuguese adjective-forming suffixes
- Portuguese masculine suffixes
- pt:Chemistry
- pt:Agriculture
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish adjective-forming suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes