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-id

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Middle French -ide m, from Latin -idēs m (patronymic suffix; plural: -idae), from Ancient Greek -ίδης m (-ídēs, patronymic suffix; plural: -ίδαι (-ídai)).

Suffix

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-id

  1. (history) Forming the names of dynasts, being suffixed to the name of their progenitors and meaning “descendant of”.
    Perseus + ‎-id → ‎Perseid (dynast)
    Solomon + ‎-id → ‎Solomonid
    Umayya + ‎-(i)d → ‎Umayyad
    Genghis + ‎-id → ‎Genghisid
    Osman + ‎-id → ‎Osmanid
    [Ismail] Safavi + ‎-(i)d → ‎Safavid
  2. (taxonomy) Forming the common names of members of a taxon which has a name ending in -idae.
    A felid is a member of Felidae.
  3. (dentistry, paleontology) Forming the names of cusps of lower (mandibular) teeth.
    protocone (cusp of upper molars) + ‎-id → ‎protoconid (equivalent for lower molars)
  4. (botany) Forming nouns from Latin or Greek roots, including certain plant names modelled on Latin sources. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Middle French -ide f, from Latin -is f (genitive: -idis; plural: -ides), from Ancient Greek -ῐς f (-ĭs) (genitive: -ῐδος (-ĭdos); plural: -ῐδες (-ĭdes)).

Suffix

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-id

  1. (mythology) Forming names of feminine equivalents or of feminine descendants from a masculine name.
    Titan + ‎-id → ‎Titanid, literally female Titan
    Nereus + ‎-id → ‎Nereid, literally sprung of Nereus
    Oceanus + ‎-id → ‎Oceanid, literally sprung of Oceanus
    Perseus + ‎-id → ‎Perseid, literally sprung of Perseus (an epithet of Alcmene, grand-daughter of Perseus)
    Danaus + ‎-id → ‎Danaid, literally sprung of Danaus
  2. (literature) Forming the names of epic poems.
    Aeneas + ‎-id → ‎Aeneid
    Achilles + ‎-id → ‎Achilleid
    Perseus + ‎-id → ‎Perseid (epic poem)
  3. (astronomy) Forming common names of meteors from their apparent constellation of origin.
    Perseus + ‎-id → ‎Perseid (meteor)
    Gemini + ‎-id → ‎Geminid
Translations
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Etymology 3

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    Variant of -oid.

    Suffix

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    -id

    1. (not productive outside zoology) of or pertaining to; appended to various foreign words to make an English adjective or noun form. Often added to words of Greek, sometimes Latin, origin.
      Synonyms: -al, -an, -ite, -ar, -ese, -ic, -ish, -like, -oid, -ory, -ous, -y
      Europe + ‎-id → ‎Europid
      negro + ‎-id → ‎negrid

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    Danish

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    Etymology

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    From Latin -idus.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -id

    1. Used in systematic names for many chemical compounds, including compounds containing only two elements
    2. Any of a group of related compounds - azide, polysaccharide, glycoside.

    Derived terms

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    Category Danish terms suffixed with -id not found

    Fula

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    Affix

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    -id

    1. (Pular) makes verbs associative
      gollugol (to work) + ‎-id → ‎gollidugol (to work with, collaborate)
      yewtugol (to speak) + ‎-id → ‎yewtidugol (to chat with, converse)

    Hungarian

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    -i (possessive plural) +‎ -d (second-person singular personal suffix)

    Suffix

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    -id

    1. (possessive suffix) your ... -s (second-person singular informal, multiple possessions)
      kapu (gate) + ‎-id → ‎a kapuid (your gates)
      palota (palace) + ‎-id → ‎a palotáid (your palaces)
      érme (coin) + ‎-id → ‎az érméid (your coins)
    Usage notes
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    • (possessive suffix) Variants:
      -id is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
      -aid is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -eid is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -jaid is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
      -jeid is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
    Declension
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    For back vowel words:

    Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative -id
    accusative -idat
    dative -idnak
    instrumental -iddal
    causal-final -idért
    translative -iddá
    terminative -idig
    essive-formal -idként
    essive-modal -idul
    inessive -idban
    superessive -idon
    adessive -idnál
    illative -idba
    sublative -idra
    allative -idhoz
    elative -idból
    delative -idról
    ablative -idtól
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular
    -idé
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural
    -idéi

    For front vowel words:

    Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative -id
    accusative -idet
    dative -idnek
    instrumental -iddel
    causal-final -idért
    translative -iddé
    terminative -idig
    essive-formal -idként
    essive-modal -idül
    inessive -idben
    superessive -iden
    adessive -idnél
    illative -idbe
    sublative -idre
    allative -idhez
    elative -idből
    delative -idről
    ablative -idtől
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular
    -idé
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural
    -idéi

    Etymology 2

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    Suffix

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    -id

    1. (chemistry) -ide (indicating a binary compound)
    Derived terms
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    See also

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    Manx

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    Etymology

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    From Old Irish -id, from Proto-Celtic *-īti from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.

    Suffix

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    -id m

    1. Agent suffix
      slane (whole, entire) + ‎-id → ‎slanid (entirety, totality)

    Derived terms

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    Northern Sami

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Samic *-jtē, originally the partitive/ablative plural form. Cognate with the Finnish partitive plural -ja, -ia, -ita.

    The genitive plural originally had the ending -i, from Proto-Samic *-j. It was eliminated in favour of the accusative ending by analogy with the singular, where these cases fell together naturally.

    Pronunciation

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    • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-it/

    Suffix

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    -id

    1. The ending of the accusative and genitive plural.

    Usage notes

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    • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

    Ojibwe

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    Suffix

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    -id

    1. A suffix denoting the third-person singular to first-person singular conjunct form of a transitive animate verb (vta)

    Old Irish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Celtic *-yatis, an Insular extension of *-atis, itself an extension of the abstract suffix Proto-Indo-European *-tis extracted from laryngeal-final roots.[1]

    Alternative forms

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    Suffix

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    -id m

    1. Forms a noun of agency.
      from verb or verbal noun
      serc (love) + ‎-id → ‎sercaid (lover)
      from noun
      mucc (pig) + ‎-id → ‎muccaid (swineherd)
      ainmm (name) + ‎-id → ‎ainmmnid (nominative case) = "namer"
    Usage notes
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    • This suffix forms i-stem nouns.
    Inflection
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    Masculine i-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative -id -idL -idiH
    vocative -id -idL -idiH
    accusative -idN -idL -idiH
    genitive -edoH, -edaH -edoH, -edaH -ideN
    dative -idL -idib -idib
    Initial mutations of a following adjective:
    • H = triggers aspiration
    • L = triggers lenition
    • N = triggers nasalization
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Irish: -aí

    Further reading

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    Etymology 2

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    Suffix

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    -id

    1. alternative form of -aid used after a slender consonant

    References

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    1. ^ McCone, Kim (1995) “OIr. senchae, senchaid and preliminaries on agent noun formation in Celtic”, in Ériu[1], volume 46, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved 1 March 2023, pages 1–10

    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /it/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -it
      • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
      • Homophones: id, Id

      Suffix

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      -id m

      1. -ide
        amoniak + ‎-id → ‎amid

      Declension

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      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • -id in Polish dictionaries at PWN

      Spanish

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      Etymology

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      From Latin -īte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of fourth conjugation verbs).

      Suffix

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      -id

      1. used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ir verbs
        venir (to come) + ‎-id → ‎¡Venid! (Come!)

      Volapük

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      Suffix

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      -id

      1. Forms an ordinal number (adjective) from a cardinal number.

      Welsh

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Suffix

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      -id

      1. forming abstract nouns, -ness, -ment
        cadarn (strong, robust, sturdy) + ‎-id → ‎cadernid (strength, robustness, sturdiness)
        rhydd (free) + ‎-id → ‎rhyddid (freedom)
      Usage notes
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      -i causes i-affection of internal vowels.

      Etymology 2

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      Suffix

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      -id

      1. (literary) verb suffix for the impersonal imperfect/conditional
      Usage notes
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      -id causes i-affection of internal vowels, for example, canu (to sing) + ‎-id → ‎cenid (was being sung, one was singing, would sing, one would sing).

      Derived terms
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